Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

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(2) Electrophilic Attack + O S=O O . . . . : : : : slow (3) Deprotonation and Re-aromatization : H S + :O: = = O: - O: : : :O: - + :O-S-O-H : : = = :O: : : Hydrogen sulfate fast H S + :O: : O: = = - O: : : Arenium ion :O: S O: . . . O . = = : : Benzenesulfonate ion etc. - + H2SO 4
(4) Acid-Base Equilibrium :O: S O: . . O . = = - : : Synthetic Applications + H 3O fast + S :O: O-H . . . O. = = : : Benzenesulfonic acid pKa = 0.699 + H 2O Although introduction of a sulfonic acid group is generally of more limited interest than other electrophilic substitution reactions, the reversibility of sulfonation leads to its use in synthetic strategy. Heating arylsulfonic acids in dilute sulfuric acid removes the sulfonic acid function. SO 3H + H 2O heat dilute H 2SO 4 + H 2SO 4
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 15 Reactions of Aromatic Co
Page 3 and 4: Examples of Electrophilic Aromatic
Page 5 and 6: Step 2: Deprotonation of the Areniu
Page 7 and 8: Halogenation of Benzene Halogenatio
Page 9 and 10: Mechanism: Step 1: Electrophilic At
Page 11 and 12: Iodination of Benzene Direct iodina
Page 13 and 14: Mechanism of Nitration (1) Generati
Page 15: Sulfonation of Benzene Benzene reac
Page 19 and 20: A Mechanism for the Alkylation Reac
Page 21 and 22: Evidence for Carbocation Intermedia
Page 23: 2) Alcohols alkylate arenes in the

Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

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