Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

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Free-Energy Diagram for an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction The much larger energy of activation requirement for Step 1 makes it the slow, rate-determining step.
Halogenation of Benzene Halogenation of benzene and other arenes is one of the most common ways to functionalize aromatics. The reaction of benzene with Cl 2 or Br 2 requires catalysis by a Lewis acid. (Benzene, in contrast to alkenes, will not decolorize a solution of Br 2 in CCl 4.) Commonly employed Lewis acids are the iron halides, preformed or generated in situ: 2 Fe + 3 X 2 + Cl 2 + Br 2 FeCl 3 FeBr 3 2 FeX 3 Cl + HCl Chlorobenzene (~90%) Br + HBr Bromobenzene (~75%)
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 15 Reactions of Aromatic Co
Page 3 and 4: Examples of Electrophilic Aromatic
Page 5: Step 2: Deprotonation of the Areniu
Page 9 and 10: Mechanism: Step 1: Electrophilic At
Page 11 and 12: Iodination of Benzene Direct iodina
Page 13 and 14: Mechanism of Nitration (1) Generati
Page 15 and 16: Sulfonation of Benzene Benzene reac
Page 17 and 18: (4) Acid-Base Equilibrium :O: S O:
Page 19 and 20: A Mechanism for the Alkylation Reac
Page 21 and 22: Evidence for Carbocation Intermedia
Page 23: 2) Alcohols alkylate arenes in the

Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

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