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Acknowledgments Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau under Grant Number 6 H61 MC 00006. References American Academy of Audiology. (2003). Pediatric Amplification Protocol. Reston, VA: American Academy of Audiology. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). (1999a). The pediatrician’s role in development and implementation of an Individual Education Plan (IEP) and/or an Individual Family Service Plan (IFSP). Pediatrics, 104, 124-127. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). (1999b). Newborn and infant hearing loss: Detection and intervention. Pediatrics, 103(2), 527-530. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). (2001). Role of the pediatrician in family-centered early intervention services. Pediatrics, 107, 1155-1157. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2006). The Medical Home Policy Statement. Pediatrics 110(1). Retrieved December 15, 2006, from http://www .aap.org/policy/s060016.html. Arnold, C.L., Davis, T.C., Humiston, S.G., Bocchini, J.A., Bass, P.F., Bocchini, A., Kennen, E.M., White, K., & Forsman, I. (2006). Infant hearing screening: Stakeholder recommendations for parent-centered communication. Pediatrics, 117(5), S341-S349. Blair, J., Peterson, M., & Viehweg, S. (1985). The effects of mild hearing loss on academic performance among young school age children. The Volta Review, 87, 87-94. Brookhouser, P.E., Worthington, D.W., & Kelly, W.J. (1991). Unilateral hearing loss in children. Laryngoscope, 101, 1264-1272. Brown C. (2006). Early intervention: Strategies for public and private sector collaboration. Paper presented at the 2006 Convention of the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Pittsburgh PA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, DC. (2006a). DSHPSHWA Data Summary: Reporting Year 2004. Retrieved December 15, 2006, from http:// www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ehdi/dips.htm. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2006b). National EHDI Goals. Retrieved December 15, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ ehdi/nationalgoals.htm. Chambers, J.C., Shkolnik, J., & Perez, M. (2003). Total Expenditures for Students with Disabilities, 1999-2000: Spending Variation by Disability. Washington, DC: Center for Special Education Finance, Special Education Expenditure Project. Cheng, A.K., Rubin, H.R., Powe, N.R., Mellon, N.K., Francis, H.W., & Niparko, J.K. (2000). Cost-utility analysis of cochlear implant in children. Journal of American Medical Association, 284(7), 850-856. Finishing the EHDI Revolution 255
Culbertson, J., & Gilbert, A.M. (1986). Children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss: Cognitive, academic, and social development. Ear and Hearing, 7, 38-42. Ewing, I.R., & Ewing, A.W.G. (1944). The ascertainment of deafness in infancy and early childhood. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 59, 309-333. Fox, H.B., McManus, M.A., & Reichman, M.B. (2002). The Strengths and Weaknesses of Private Health Insurance Coverage for Children with Special Health Care Needs. Washington, DC: Maternal and Child Health Policy Research Center. Gallaudet Research Institute (GRI). (1996). Stanford Achievement Test, 9 th Edition, Form S, Norms Booklet for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students; Washington, DC: Gallaudet University. Geers, A.E. (2004). Speech, language, and reading skills after early cochlear implantation. Archives of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 130(5), 634- 638. Harrison, M., Roush, J., & Wallace, J. (2003). Trends in age of identification and intervention in Infants with hearing loss. Ear and Hearing, 24, 89-95. Healthy People 2010. (2000). Retrieved December 15, 2006, from http://www .healthypeople.gov/About/. Honeycutt, A., Dunlap, L., Chen, H., al Homsi, G., Grosse, S., & Schendel, D. (2003). Economic costs associated with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and vision impairment–United States. MMWR Weekly, 53(03), 57-59. Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (2000). Year 2000 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs. Available at: http://www.infanthearing.org/jcih/. Kennedy, C.R., McCann, D.C., Campbell, M.J., Law, C.M., Mullee, M., Petrou, S., Watkin, P., Worsfold, S., Yuen, H.M., & Stevenson, J. (2006). Language ability after early detection of permanent childhood hearing impairment. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(20), 2131-41. Kral, A., & Tillein, J. (2006). Brain plasticity under cochlear implant stimulation. Advances in Otorhinolaryngology, 64, 89-108. Limb, S.J., McManus, M.A., & Fox, H.B. (2006). Assuring financial access to hearing aids for infants and young children. A report of the Children’s Audiology Financing Work Group. Washington DC: Maternal and Child Health Policy Research Center. Marge, D.K., & Marge, M. (2005). Beyond newborn hearing screening: Meeting the educational and health care needs of infants and young children with hearing loss in America. Report of the National Consensus Conference on Effective Educational and Health Care Interventions for Infants and Young Children with Hearing Loss, September 10-12, 2004. Syracuse, New York: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University. McManus, M., Levtov, R., White, K., Forsman, I., Foust, T., & Thompson, M. 256 White
Page 1 and 2: Volume 106, Number 3 ISSN 0042-8639
Page 3 and 4: The Volta Review Early Hearing Dete
Page 5 and 6: The Volta Review, Volume 106(3) (mo
Page 7 and 8: Center at Bar Ilan University, Rama
Page 9 and 10: identified the most significant pre
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1. Percentage of newborns sc
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2. Percentage of infants and
Page 15 and 16: components will contribute to impro
Page 17 and 18: that includes timelines and provide
Page 19 and 20: 1991, there is only about $1,000 av
Page 21 and 22: parents, when they are given an opt
Page 23 and 24: Historically, the federal Departmen
Page 25: with unilateral profound losses, bi
Page 29 and 30: Office of Special Education and Reh
Page 31 and 32: University of North Carolina at Cha
Page 33 and 34: When children begin to walk and the
Page 35 and 36: years is attributable to partnershi
Page 37 and 38: hearing loss, including audiologic
Page 39 and 40: infants and toddlers who are deaf o
Page 41 and 42: early intervention program personne
Page 43 and 44: audiology symposium that brings tog
Page 45 and 46: Cyndie Bennett, superintendent of t
Page 47 and 48: 2001), places an emphasis on parent
Page 49 and 50: family involvement strongly influen
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Demographic Characteristic
Page 53 and 54: In the self-efficacy section, mothe
Page 55 and 56: the Reynell Developmental Language
Page 57 and 58: Table 4. Definitions and Examples o
Page 59 and 60: Table 6. Relationships Between Mate
Page 61 and 62: Table 8. Summary of Regression Mode
Page 63 and 64: Roper & Dunst, 2003). Everyday occu
Page 65 and 66: References Akey, T., Marquis, J., &
Page 67 and 68: Lerner, G. (1952). Mr. Potato Head
Page 69 and 70: Appendix Scale of Parent Involvemen
Page 71 and 72: Parents want to know why their chil
Page 73 and 74: Incidence of UHL Impact of UHL Defi
Page 75 and 76: Children with UHL are at risk for a
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with this population of children to
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who have UHL and the BAHA implant s
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Progression of hearing loss is a co
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ongoing services because of a speci
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Environmental and Acoustic Modifica
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negative effects of unilateral hear
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of children with unilateral sensori
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The Volta Review, Volume 106(3) (mo
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Theories on Speech Development Theo
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indicating an interaction of a norm
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as Spanish, automatically there are
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In summary, young children with sev
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documenting speech production patte
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were determined by the child’s pr
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Table 1. Observed-to-Expected Ratio
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His Spanish language use did impact
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implants: Profiles and implications
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http://eire.census.gov/popest/data/
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Introduction Since the early 1980s,
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delayed, thereby increasing parenta
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fitting the second processor easier
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quickly and naturally. Children who
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Figure 2. Graphic example of a loud
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Table 2. Patients Patient ID Time L
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Speech Discrimination Tasks In addi
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The last two children with equal mo
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Figure 7. Loudspeaker arrangement f
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children will retain monaural stimu
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van Hoesel, R., Tong, Y., Hallow, R
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with hearing loss who receive early
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5 years (i.e., met the age cut-off
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location. Informed consent was obta
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Figure 1. Loneliness score and age
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analysis was conducted to determine
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eceive cochlear implants, significa
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effective public school programs fo
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for promoting EHDI in developing co
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Table 1. Levels of Prevention for C
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or unilateral hearing loss because
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were usually higher when babies wer
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Table 2. World Bank Classification
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total public expenditure (Gottret &
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is more cost effective to institute
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Figure 2. Proportion of births in h
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scant, although they are likely to
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a widely reported controversy conce
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their babies at such an early age b
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active, ongoing, culturally appropr
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this goal achievable. Reservations
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Clemens, C.J., Davis, S.A., & Baile
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Kale, R. (1995). Traditional healer
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A dream realized or nightmare in th
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Penn, C. (1998). The study of child
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Watkin, P.M., Baldwin, M., & McEner
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education or general education, the
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for both developmental and remedial
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Table 1. Type and Number of RSP Con
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process of closing the language gap
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phonologic and phonemic awareness;
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Westchester Institute for Human Ser
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Bohnert, Andrea; Spitzlei, Vera; Li
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