M"y, L974 - MSpace at the University of Manitoba

latiËudes. The main factor in their distTíbution seems to be temperature"
They are groT/ùrr as sr:rrmer annuals in cool temperate climates and as winter
annuals in subËropical climates (Gladstones, L97Oa) "
The "ecologícal optimr:mt' concept as developed by Klages (1930, L934)
would be met for lupins if Ëhe following condítions prevailed; at least
five ¡nonths of adequate moisture, during r¿hích the mean teinperaËure is
between 15 and 25 degrees Centígrade (Gladstones, 1958) " In areas where
they are gror.rn as wínËer annuals a lower temperature is toleraËed for
short periods, províding the Ëemperatures before and after this period
compensate for these lower temperatures "
1.32 Specific Requirernents
Although climatic requirenents are similar for all the agricultural
species, uinor, distinct dífferences exist"
The primitive Balkan progenitor of L. albu.s can wíËhsËand periodÍc
cold temperatures ín a winter cropping regime" Itlinter cropping in the
Northern U.S.A. also suggests that this species is quite frost Ëolerant
(Henson and stephens, 1958) " offuÈr (1961) found rhar in Arkansas tr.
albus is more frost hardy tinan L. angustífolius" However, Hackbarth and
Troll (1960) found t]nat L" aLbus occupied a range farther south than
oËher specíes under a suutrer cropping regime, and growth was somewhaË
better under warmer and dryer condítions" This varied disËribuËíon of
cultivat.ed types of. L. albus suggests that Turessont s (L922) "ecotype
conceptrr is operative for this species, that isu in a taxonomic Linnean
specíes, a nunber of races exíst which exhibit inherent differences in
boËh morphology and physiology, however, Ëhese differences are noL great
enough Ëo r¡Tarrant taxonomíc distinction. Gladstones (L969a) summarized