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extra pound of synthetic rnethionine per ton of feed was added" Payne (L97L) suggested that lupins could be used for layer ratíons, only if there r,lere no undesÍrable side effects on egg quality. In these rations de-hu1ling would not be necessary and up Xo L5% r^rhole seed may be used. L.723 Hog Feeding McNamara (L97L) ín preliminary Ëria1s üiith lupín seed in hog rations obtained favourable results when Z" Luteus. cv. Weiko III was fed to Berkshire X Landrace at 60 lb starting weight. wheat lupins meat meal components Gror¿ing Finishing 60 to lo0 1b 100 lb to slaughter /o 78 "5 15 .0 5.0 Q? q 15. 0 Chrísphos (calcium phosphate) 1"0 1.0 salL 0.5 0"5 Supplemented with vitarnins and trace minerals. The above lupin raËion gave a sËart. Ëo slaughter coriversíon of 3.7:1 t¿hich was beËter than the control at 4:1" In another experiment the meat meal was completely replaced and a conversion of 4:1 result.ed from the followíng ration: 65 "5% wheat, 15.0% oats, 20% 1upín seede 1% Chrisphos, 0.5"/" sa]-t * vitamíns and Ërace elements. 39
In view of his resulÈs, McNamara suggests that lupin seed can be subsËitrrted for a major parÈ of the conventional meat meal with no nega- tive effects on growth rate or feed conversion. 1.73 Lupinosis - Lupin Poisoning Sheep, and to a lesser extent horses and catËIe are subject to lupinosis. Lupinosis may assume an acute or a chronic course. In both cases the syrnptoms are similar, however, Lhe later results in chronic interstít.íal inflammation of the liver ËhaË leads to atrophy, accompanied nephritis and enlargenent of the spleen. In studies by Gardiner (L964" 1965, L967; Gardiner and Nottle, 1960), the chronic development r¡ras characterized by shrínkage and cirrhosis of the liver, increased parasi- tíc \,rorm burden, cobalt deficiencies and toxic copper levels in the liver which causes haemolytic jaundice; visible s]4nptoms include malnutrition and jaundice of the vísible mucous membranes. Acute lupinosis is characterized by inflanrnaËion, enlargement and fatty infiltration of the líver, and can result ín rapid death (Glad- stones, f970b) " Early in the cultivated use of lupíns it was recognized that the poisoning in lupinosis rvas noË due to the alkaloids of the plante since lupinosis manífested symptoms disËinctly different from those produced by alkaloid poisoning. Kuhn (1BBO) found that lupinosis could not be produced by alcoholíc extracts of the lupins, buÈ was produced by the marc of Ëhe seeds (resídues left after seeds are pressed) " He suggested that if this was alkaloid poisoníng the reverse vrould be true. Dammann (7902) substantiated the above findings when he reported that the sub- sËance causing lupinosis r¿as insoluble in solvents cormnonly used for 40
Page 1 and 2: THE I]N]VERS]TY OF MANITOBA AN EVAL
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTTON - LIT
Page 5 and 6: 2"0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2"L REPLI
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT A prelíminary invesËiga
Page 9 and 10: PART I INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVI
Page 11 and 12: They are relatively high yielding a
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION 1.0 LITER
Page 15 and 16: long and L to 2 cm broad, each con
Page 17 and 18: zeaLand, mainly for soil improvemen
Page 19 and 20: its climatic requiremenËs as follo
Page 21 and 22: and fertility. L. aLbus is besË ad
Page 23 and 24: cheremísov et a1. (1969) also foun
Page 25 and 26: useful íf the inoculum is to come
Page 27 and 28: 90 crn" However this spacing is no
Page 29 and 30: Table 2" Herbicides used for weed c
Page 31 and 32: Ëo 16 days if lupins aË a seed mo
Page 33 and 34: of conËrol or alternately the crop
Page 35 and 36: the soil borne nature of Ëhe disea
Page 37 and 38: POIüDERY MILDEW (Erysiphe poLygoni
Page 39 and 40: L.622 Several Ye11ow Mosaic Virus (
Page 41 and 42: Table 3. Composition of lupin seed
Page 43 and 44: Table 4" Estímated liniting amino
Page 45 and 46: Table 5. Percentage digestíbílity
Page 47: As shown in Table 5, the digestibil
Page 51 and 52: Germany and presented them as long
Page 53 and 54: simí1ar1y (GusËafsson and Gadd, 1
Page 55 and 56: main stem causing harvesting diffic
Page 57 and 58: 1"86 Shattering This is another typ
Page 59 and 60: outpuË in the U"S"A. as r,¡ell as
Page 61 and 62: The varieties tested were noË chos
Page 63 and 64: consisted of.27 culti\¡ars of lupi
Page 65 and 66: 2"2 SINGLE ENTRY NURSERY TRIALS 2.2
Page 67 and 68: Table 9 - Continued Species Synonyn
Page 69 and 70: Table 9 - Continued Species Synonym
Page 71 and 72: Table 10" Species and cultivars tes
Page 73 and 74: Table 10 - Continued Species/cultiv
Page 75 and 76: etween p1ots" PI soybeans were plan
Page 77 and 78: 3.1 SEED Y]ELDS 3"0 R E P L I C A T
Page 79 and 80: y 38 and 57 percenr respecËively.
Page 81 and 82: season shovred signs of chlorosis,
Page 84: Many dífferent species of weeds oc
Page 87: .vhich r¡ould be better supplied w
Page 92 and 93: 3"23 Lodgíng Lodging that occurred
Page 94 and 95: to some extent at all locations reg
Page 96: cornbined (Plate 10). The seeds Ëh
Page 100 and 101:
'IADIE 14 " Species /cultivar L" al
Page 102 and 103:
Table 15. Yield, in terms of kilogr
Page 104 and 105:
Table 16. Amino acid composiÈion i
Page 106 and 107:
Table 17" Analysis of whole and deh
Page 108 and 109:
able rõ. Seed color, f000 culËiva
Page 110 and 111:
3.35 Seed Shape and Thousand Kernel
Page 112 and 113:
Little variation in this characteri
Page 114:
Otheï facËors that influenced see
Page 117 and 118:
hor¿ever, most lines r¡rere compl
Page 119 and 120:
(J o -c () c o(l) Á on(f, 14- o \o
Page 122 and 123:
Fig. 1e cornbines Ëhe results from
Page 124 and 125:
to the single rod rows in the nurse
Page 126 and 127:
Lines of. L. angustl:foLius were si
Page 129:
major species, \,rith an overall me
Page 132 and 133:
Plate 20 L" aLbus (2 x Natural Size
Page 134 and 135:
Inter-line variability was the high
Page 136:
few pods that contained severely sh
Page 139 and 140:
chlorosís in other crop plants (Os
Page 141:
tesË area. $everal oth,er authofs
Page 145:
meter area" Nearbv lines of L. Lute
Page 149:
and Mariapolis, where migraËíon o
Page 152 and 153:
Weed and insect control can be atË
Page 154 and 155:
Therefore we have a crop of enormou
Page 156 and 157:
A?PENDIX B Soil analysis, rates and
Page 158 and 159:
Appendix C - Continued Days to Crud
Page 160 and 161:
Appendix C - Continued Days to Crud
Page 162 and 163:
Appendíx C - Continued Days to cru
Page 164 and 165:
Appendix D - ConËínued Helght ( c
Page 166 and 167:
Appendix D - Continued Ileight (cm)
Page 168 and 169:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Armstrong" G" M.; Arms
Page 170 and 171:
Decker, P. 1943. The effect of dept
Page 172 and 173:
Gladstones, J. S" L962" The mineral
Page 174 and 175:
Kazimierski, T. 1960" An interspec
Page 176 and 177:
Monstvilaiten Ya. Yu.; PuzínaiËe,
Page 178 and 179:
Stepanova, S. L. 1-97L. Variability
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