EDU 403 Measurement and Evaluation - National Open University ...

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EDU 403 MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION ii. Define the term assessment iii. Clarify the terms measurement and evaluation iv. List the purposes of measurement and evaluation v. Explain the types of evaluation. 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Meaning of Terms 3.1.1 Test and testing Simply put a test is a measuring tool or instrument in education. More specifically, a test is considered to be a kind or class of measurement device typically used to find out something about a person. Most of the times, when you finish a lesson or lessons in a week, your teacher gives you a test. This test is an instrument given to you by the teacher in order to obtain data on which you are judged. It is an educationally common type of device which an individual completes himself or herself, the intent is to determine changes or gains resulting from such instruments as inventory, questionnaire, opinionnaire, scale etc. Testing on the other hand is the process of administering the test on the pupils. In other words the process of making you or letting you take the test in order to obtain a quantitative representation of the cognitive or non-cognitive traits you possess is called testing. So the instrument or tool is the test and the process of administering the test is testing. 3.1.2 Assessment Now that you have learnt the difference between test and testing, Let us move on to the next concept which is assessment. As a teacher, you will be inevitably involved in assessing learners; therefore you should have a clear knowledge and the meaning of assessment. The term assess is derived from a Latin word “asoidere” meaning “to sit by” in judgment. There are many definitions and explanations of assessment in education. Let us look at few of them. i. Freeman and Lewis (1998) to assess is to judge the extent of students’ learning. ii. Rowntree (1977): Assessment in education can be thought of as occurring whenever one person, in some kind of interaction, direct or indirect, with another, is conscious of obtaining and interpreting information about the knowledge and understanding, 2
EDU 403 MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION of abilities and attitudes of that other person. To some extent or other, it is an attempt to know the person. iii. Erwin, in Brown and Knight, (1994). Assessment is a systematic basis for making inference about the learning and development of students… the process of defining, selecting, designing, collecting, analyzing, interpreting and using information to increase students’ learning and development. You will have to note from these definitions that • Assessment is a human activity. • Assessment involves interaction, which aims at seeking to understand what the learners have achieved. • Assessment can be formal or informal. • Assessment may be descriptive rather than judgment in nature. • Its role is to increase students’ learning and development • It helps learners to diagnose their problems and to improve the quality of their subsequent learning. SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 1 1. What is the major difference between test and testing? 2. In your own words define Assessment. 3. Give an example of a test. 3.1.3 Measurement This is a broad term that refers to the systematic determination of outcomes or characteristics by means of some sort of assessment device. It is a systematic process of obtaining the quantified degree to which a trait or an attribute is present in an individual or object. In other words it is a systematic assignment of numerical values or figures to a trait or an attribute in a person or object. For instance what is the height of Uche? What is the weight of the meat? What is the length of the classroom? In education, the numerical value of scholastics ability, aptitude, achievement etc can be measured and obtained using instruments such as paper and pencil test. It means that the values of the attribute are translated into numbers by measurement. SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE 2 List the instruments which you can use to measure the following: weight, height, length, achievement in Mathematics, performance of students in Technical drawing, attitude of workers towards delay in the payment of salaries. 3
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