EDU 403 Measurement and Evaluation - National Open University ...

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EDU 403 MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION 4.0 CONCLUSION Testing can be very helpful if its use increases the learning and `performance of children. This is why, you have seen, that, the history of testing started very early, it has grown from the test of individual differences to almost all aspects of education and human life. Hence there is no aspect of life that can be mentioned where there is no form of measurement or the other. This is because test from the best means of detecting characteristics in a reasonable objective fashion. They help us gain the kinds of information about learners and learning that we need to help students learn. 5.0 SUMMARY In this unit, we have traced the history of test and measurement, starting from 1796 when the astronomer royal of Greenwich recheck in England – Maskelyne dismissed his assistant for recoding observations which were less by 8/10 of his own. You noted that the variation in the records was as a result of individual differences in the handling of the instruments of observation. You will recall that it was between 1820 and 1823 that a German astronomer – Bessel worked on variability in individual observations and came out with the simple reaction time. Sir Francis Galton was associated with the development of the mental test. Galton worked in his enthropometric laboratory to collect the characteristic measurements of people. The American psychologist Mckeen Cattel studied individual differences in primary physical terms. These measurements were all informal. Do you remember the Chinese, Socrates, Pearson, Thorndike, Binet, Terman etc, all had something to do in the early development of test and measurement. In Nigeria, organizations like WAEC, NECO, NABTEB, JAMB, ICEE are all in the activities of measurement. We shall see the importance of tests in education in the next unit. This will help you place a value on this course. 6.0 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT 1. Who was the first person to develop a mental test? 2. Who was the first American psychologist to study individual differences in primary physical terms? 3. Give the names of three persons involved in the early development of test and measurement in history? 4. List 3 organizations concerned with testing in Nigeria? 12
EDU 403 MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION 7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS Obimba, F.U. (1989) Fundamental of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology. Abuja, Ibadan, Lagos, Owerri: Totan Publishers Ltd. Ohuche, R.O. and Akeju, S.A. (1977) Testing and Evaluation in Education. Lagos: Africana Educational Resources (AER). Tuckman, B.W. (1973) Measuring Educational outcomes Fundamentals of Testing. Atlanta, Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. 13
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