Design of an ergonomic control lever for wheel loader attachments

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Figure 6.1 the system description. The user controls the machine with levers, pedals and steering wheel. Information is visually received through the windshield and instrument panels, but also tactile through the levers and other contact surfaces. 42
6.2 Wheel loader operators and task 6.2.1 User Profile of machine operators The purpose of the User Profile (chapter 4.2.6) was to understand the operator’s perquisites and to find user characteristics. To gather information about the operators, semi-structured interviews (chapter 4.1.3) were made with a salesman from Volvo CE’s dealer Swecon in Gothenburg, a repairman and previous machine operator at Vikans Kross and with machine operators from Per E Person Transport AB in Borås, Stig Gustavsson Maskin AB in Borås and Niclas Entreprenad AB in Torslanda. Background The primary user of a wheel loader is the machine operator. The majority (98%) of the Swedish machine operators are men. However, the amount of female machine operators has been steadily increasing during the past years. The age of the machine operators vary from 20 years old to age of retirement, the majority of the operators are middle aged. At Vikans Kross the machine operators are from 35 years old and upward. A machine operator education is required to operate the machines. In order to apply for the education an elementary school degree and a driver’s license of type B is needed (Arbetsförmedlingen, 2011). Usage The operators often work long hours. In Sweden the work hours are controlled by federation of labor union to a maximum of 48 hours a week including overtime. (Seko, 2011) A regular workday consists of 8 hours of work where the operator has a morning, lunch and afternoon break. The operator often works 2-3 hours at a time in the machines. The operator needs to have good knowledge about the machine. The operators must probably read the instruction manual in order to use the full potential of the machine or at least perform a trial and error period. When operating the machine there is a close interaction between the operator, machine, task and environment. An operator that uses the same machine can have different attachment to the machine, which makes it important that he/she learns to use the machine in various ways. The operator has to learn how to operate the machine and has to practice in order to become good at it. It can take several years to learn how to find a good balance between the functions of the machine, tasks and different environments. For the employer it is important that the operator has experience. According to Billman 3 , a more experienced operator work more efficient and economically. E.g. when an experienced operator operates the machine they manage to consume less fuel than a new 3 Göran Hägg, Professor, KTH, verbal contact (mail) 27 th of September 2011 3 Ralf Rosenberg, Designer Msd, 43
Page 1 and 2: Design of an ergonomic control leve
Page 3: Acknowledgements This thesis work h
Page 7 and 8: Content 1 Introduction ............
Page 9 and 10: 1 Introduction The underlying reaso
Page 11 and 12: 1.3 Question formulation The studie
Page 13 and 14: 2 Current situation To get a deeper
Page 15 and 16: Figure.2.3. Control lever unit with
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.4.Lifting and tilting the
Page 19 and 20: 2.2.2 Technical terms related to jo
Page 21 and 22: 3 Theory The theory research gather
Page 23 and 24: Angles of movement The hand has the
Page 25 and 26: 3.1.4 Ergonomic issues related to t
Page 27 and 28: 3.2 Cognitive ergonomics It seems t
Page 29 and 30: 3.3 Standards and recommendations T
Page 31 and 32: 4 Methods This chapter consists of
Page 33 and 34: Simulation interview gives users vi
Page 35 and 36: 4.3.3 Morphological matrix Morpholo
Page 37 and 38: 5 Project implementation This chapt
Page 39: Concept generation Idea generation
Page 44 and 45: machine operator. Because of this,
Page 46 and 47: 6.2.2 Analysis of wheel loader task
Page 48 and 49: 6.2.3 Observation study The purpose
Page 50 and 51: Working postures of L90F The operat
Page 52 and 53: Discussion observation study The fi
Page 54 and 55: Figure 6.11 Jack simulation - Good
Page 56 and 57: Result anthropometric analysis The
Page 58 and 59: 6.4 Cognitive ergonomics in wheel l
Page 60 and 61: Discussion operators’ perception
Page 62 and 63: Result of operators’ mental model
Page 64 and 65: Discussion on operators mental mode
Page 67 and 68: 7 Problem definition This is the sy
Page 69 and 70: Table 7.1 Stated needs for handle A
Page 71 and 72: 7.3 Design Heuristics Depending on
Page 73 and 74: 8 Concept generation 1 The first co
Page 76 and 77: 8.2 Concepts The ideas from the ide
Page 78 and 79: 8.3 Concept selection 8.3.1 Concept
Page 81 and 82: 9 Concept generation 2 The second c
Page 83 and 84: Sketches wrist and arm support and
Page 85 and 86: Figure 9.5 Classic joystick Figure
Page 87 and 88: 10 Concept generation 3 When the ba
Page 89 and 90: Table 10.3 Elaboration of physical
Page 91 and 92: Finished functional prototype When
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easier to control the functions sim
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Housing The housing is as have been
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11 Concept evaluation This chapter
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Subjective analysis The participant
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Figure 11.4 Participant E This is a
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11.2.3 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
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General comments from the evaluatio
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11.3 Conclusion of the evaluation T
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12 Final concept With the input fro
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Table 12.3 Elaboration of physical
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Housing To meet the technical limit
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Finished prototype The prototype re
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Figure 12.5 Angle of handle First p
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Control panel One of the reasons th
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12.5 Final remarks on the concept I
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13 Discussion Different aspects of
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method without reflections on the p
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The choice of consider the 5 th to
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14 Conclusion Discussions about the
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References Literature Adolfsson, Ni
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Figures Figure 1.1, figure 1.2, fig
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Appendix I - HTA HTA of excavating
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HTA of loading logs onto a truck: b
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VI !"#$%&'(()&*#+,-'./'*%,)(0,0&$-'
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VIII Present and Future Yes, but no
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Appendix V - Protocol !"#$#%#&&'()*
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Appendix VI - Questions 14.1.1 Over
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14.1.3 Placement In the fourth and
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14.1.4 Function In the questionnair
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Appendix VII - Result questionnaire
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Design of an ergonomic control lever for wheel loader attachments

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