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6. A Mann–Whitney test gives the following result:
U = 9, p = 0.1726 (2-tailed probability)
CHAPTER 16 Non-parametric statistics 561
The researcher, however, made a prediction of the direction of the difference, and therefore needs to
know the one-tailed probability. This is:
(a) 0.0863
(b) 0.863
(c) 0.1726
(d) Indeterminate
7. If, in a repeated-measures design with two conditions, you have a small number of participants, with
skewed, ordinal data, the most appropriate inferential test is:
(a) Unrelated t-test
(b) Related t-test
(c) Mann–Whitney U test
(d) Wilcoxon
8. If a Wilcoxon test shows that t = 3 with an associated probability of 0.02, this means:
(a) Assuming the null hypothesis to be true, a t-value of 3 would occur 2% of the time through
sampling variation
(b) We are 98% certain that our results are statistically signifi cant
(c) Given our data, we expect to fi nd a t-value of 3 occurring 2% of the time through chance
(d) If the null hypothesis is not true, then a t-value of 3 would occur 2% of the time through sampling
variation
9. A t-value of 3 has been converted into a z-score of -3.2. This means:
(a) The calculations are incorrect
(b) There is not likely to be a statistically signifi cant difference between conditions
(c) There is likely to be a statistically signifi cant difference between conditions
(d) The results are indeterminate
Questions 10 to 12 relate to the following output: