SMOS L2 OS ATBD - ARGANS

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ICM-CSIC LOCEAN/SA/CETP IFREMER SMOS L2 OS Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document All rights reserved ARGANS/ACRI-st © 2008/2009/2010/2011/2012/2013 Doc: SO-TN-ARG-GS-0007 Issue: 3 Rev: 9 Date: 25 January 2013 Page: xii 4.5.2. Mathematical description ................................................................................................................... 95 4.5.3. Error budget estimates ........................................................................................................................ 96 4.5.4. Practical consideration ....................................................................................................................... 96 4.5.5. Assumption and limitations ................................................................................................................. 97 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 98 4.6. GALACTIC NOISE CONTAMINATION 1 ........................................................................................................ 100 4.6.1. Theoretical description ..................................................................................................................... 100 4.6.2. Practical considerations ................................................................................................................... 104 4.6.3. Assumption and limitations ............................................................................................................... 104 References ................................................................................................................................................... 104 4.7 GALACTIC NOISE CONTAMINATION 2 ......................................................................................................... 105 4.7.1. Overview of the Problem ................................................................................................................... 105 4.7.2. Generation of an L-band Sky map to be used for SMOS data processing ......................................... 107 4.7.3. Formulation of the Sky glitter contribution at surface level .............................................................. 111 4.7.4. Transport to antenna level and Integration over the Antenna Pattern.............................................. 113 4.7.5. Modelling the Scattering Cross Sections ........................................................................................... 117 4.7.6. Representation of the Scattered Galactic Noise Signal ..................................................................... 129 4.7.7. Fast Implementation Method for Calculating Scattered Signal ........................................................ 132 4.7.8. Error budget estimates ...................................................................................................................... 137 4.7.9. Practical consideration ..................................................................................................................... 138 References ................................................................................................................................................... 138 Appendix A: Auxiliary datasets used in the generation of the sky map ....................................................... 142 Appendix B: Reference frames and transformation matrices ...................................................................... 143 Appendix C: Properties of the Angle si .................................................................................................. 147 Appendix D: Multi-dimensional Hermite Interpolation .......................................................................... 149 4.8 FARADAY ROTATION COMPUTATION FROM GEOMAGNETIC FIELD .............................................................. 151 4.8.1 Theoretical description ...................................................................................................................... 151 4.8.2 Assumptions and limitations ............................................................................................................... 152 References ................................................................................................................................................... 152 4.9. ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS ............................................................................................................................. 153 4.9.1. Theoretical description ..................................................................................................................... 153 4.9.2. Practical considerations ................................................................................................................... 159 4.9.3. Assumption and limitations ............................................................................................................... 159 References ................................................................................................................................................... 159 4.10 CARDIOID MODEL ..................................................................................................................................... 161 4.11. BIAS CORRECTION ................................................................................................................................... 163 4.12. TRANSPORT GROUND LEVEL TB TO ANTENNA LEVEL .............................................................................. 163 4.12.1. Theoretical description ................................................................................................................... 163 References ................................................................................................................................................... 165 4.13. SUM OF CONTRIBUTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 167 4.13.1. Theoretical description ................................................................................................................... 167 4.13.2. Practical considerations ................................................................................................................. 171 4.13.3. Assumption and limitations ............................................................................................................. 171 4.14. ITERATIVE SCHEME ................................................................................................................................. 173 4.14.1. Theoretical description ................................................................................................................... 173 4.14.2. Practical considerations ................................................................................................................. 183 4.14.3. Assumption and limitations ............................................................................................................. 189 References ................................................................................................................................................... 189 4.15. BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AT SURFACE LEVEL ..................................................................................... 190 4.16. MEASUREMENTS SELECTION (POLARISATION) ........................................................................................ 191 4.17. AUXILIARY GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS BIAS CORRECTION .................................................................... 192 4.17.1 Sea Surface Temperature ................................................................................................................. 192 4.17.2 Wind Speed ....................................................................................................................................... 193 4.17.3 Other parameters ............................................................................................................................. 195 4.17.4 Practical considerations .................................................................................................................. 196 5. OUTPUT PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................. 197 ANNEX-1: TECHNICAL NOTE ON GEOMETRY CONVENTIONS FOR SMOS ..................................... I
ICM-CSIC LOCEAN/SA/CETP IFREMER SMOS L2 OS Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document All rights reserved ARGANS/ACRI-st © 2008/2009/2010/2011/2012/2013 Doc: SO-TN-ARG-GS-0007 Issue: 3 Rev: 9 Date: 25 January 2013 Page: xiii ANNEX-2: TECHNICAL NOTE ON THE USE OF AN EFFECTIVE L-BAND PSEUDO-DIELECTRIC CONSTANT FOR QUALIFYING SMOS MEASUREMENTS OVER THE OCEAN ................................... I FORWARD MODELING OF SMOS APPARENT TEMPERATURE .................................................................................. I Sea water emissivity: ....................................................................................................................................... II Sea ice emissivity: ......................................................................................................................................... III Atmosphere and cosmic background ............................................................................................................. III Galactic Noise ................................................................................................................................................ IV RETRIEVAL OF A PSEUDO-DIELECTRIC CONSTANT .............................................................................................. IV Academic retrievals: ...................................................................................................................................... VI Semi-realistic retrievals: ............................................................................................................................. VIII RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................ IX HETEROGENEOUS SEA-ICE PIXELS: ..................................................................................................................... IX SENSITIVITY OF ‘EFFECTIVE’ PSEUDO-DIELECTRIC CONSTANT TO GEOPHYSICAL VARIABILITY AND RADIOMETRIC BIASES: .............................................................................................................................................................. XI Academic case ................................................................................................................................................ XI Semi_realistic case: ..................................................................................................................................... XII DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ....................................................................................................................... XIII REFERENCES: .................................................................................................................................................... XV ANNEX-3: TECHNICAL NOTE ON THE CALCULATION OF STOKES 1 PARAMETER IN FULL POLARISATION MODE ..................................................................................................................................... I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... I POLARISATION SEQUENCE IN FULL POLARISATION MODE ...................................................................................... I STOKES 1 COMPUTATION STRATEGY .................................................................................................................. IV STOKES 1 RADIOMETRIC NOISE COMPUTATION. ................................................................................................. VI REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... VI ANNEX-5: OCEAN TARGET TRANSFORMATION (OTT) .......................................................................... I
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I(θ_mean)=A1(θx)+A2(θy) where θ
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Tb_i 2 = Tb_meas_i 2 174 ICM-CSIC L
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Uncertainty origin Sea state 4 Sea
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SMOS L2 OS ATBD - ARGANS

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