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y exaggerated incrementals. Aperture subquadrate.
Outer lip straight, thin, sharp, simple within, crenulated
in harmony with the external ribbing, abruptly
constricted at the mouth of the anterior canal. Inner
lip strongly concave, nonplicate. Canal open, very
short, sharply recurved, truncate anteriorly.
Dimensions of incomplete holotype: Height, 12.4
mm.; diameter 3.2 mm.
Holotype: U.S.N.M. 325445.
Type locality: Bolten Phosphate Company's pits,
Stono River, Charleston County, S. C. Pleistocene.
0 erithiopsis (Laskey a) emersonii persubulata differs
from L. emersonii s.s. in the more slender, attenuated
outline. Among the Recent forms commonly referred
to the species s.l., the New England representatives
seem consistently less slender than those in the South
Atlantic waters. The fossil representatives, even those
from the Yorktown formation, are all referable to the
more slender race.
Distribution: Virginia: Yorktown formation, Yorktown, York
County; half a mile below Suffolk waterworks dam, Nansemond
County.
North Carolina: Duplin marl, Natural Well, and Magnolia,
Duplin County. Waccamaw formation, Cronly, half a mile east
of the factories, Columbus County.
Outside distribution: Pliocene: Caloosahatchee marl, Caloosahatchee
River, Fla. Pleistocene, Simmons Bluff and Bolten
Phosphate Company's pits, Stono River, S. C. Recent, The
Carolinas to the Antilles in shallow water?
Family TRIPHORIDAE
Genus TRIPHORA Blainville
1828. Triphora Blainville, Dictionnaire sci. nat., vol. 55; p. 344.
Type by monotypy: Triphora gemma tum Blainville=Cerithium
tristoma Blainville. Recent, off Mauritius.
The sinistral coiling characterizes the genus and the
family.
Triphora dupliniana (Olsson)
Plate 27, figure 3
1916. Triphoris dupliniana Olsson, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol.
5, No. 27, p. 18 pl. 3, fig. 8.
Shell sinistral, elongate-conic, with nearly straight sides;
nuclear whorls 1 +, the last turn with transverse ribbing and
2 peripheral carinae; post-nuclear whorls 11, suture indistinct;
the 1st 5 whorls, with 2 subequal spirals, on the 6th whorl, an
intermediate spiral makes its appearance and increases gradually
in strength; on the body-whorl, the uppermost spiral is the
strongest; spirals tuberculated by 22 riblets which moreover
extend somewhat diminished across the interspiral spaces; base
sloping with 3 smooth spirals; columella smooth; anterior canal
moderately long, closed or nearly so and bent both to the right
and backwards ; mouth small, rounded ; outer lip oblique, with
a deep anal notch bordering the suture.
Length 5.75 breadth 1.75 mm.
This species belongs to the group of Triphoris, such as T.
melanum, which have only 2 spirals on the earlier post-nuclear
whorls, later 3, with the last spiral coming in between the other
2. The open, anal sinus and bent, tubular anterior canal are
the main diagnostic characters of this species.
Duplin formation; Natural Well, N. C.
PART 2. SCAPHOPODA AND GASTROPODA 205
Yorktown formation; James river, north of Smithfield, Va.­
Olsson.
Dimensions of topotype : Height, 5.8 mm. ; maximum
diameter, 1.7 mm.
Topotype: U.S.N.M. 114256.
Triphora apania Woodring (Carnegie Inst. Washington
Pub. 385, p. 329, pl. 25, fig. 2, 1928) from Jamaica,
and Triforis calypsonis Maury (Bull. Am. Paleontology,
vol. 5, no. 29, p. 122, pl. 21, fig. 13, 1917) from
the Dominican Republic, are closely related forms.
In Triphoris bartschi Olsson (pl. 27, fig. 5), the
posterior of the 3 spirals is the least elevated and the
last to appear. The type, like that of T. dupliniana,
comes from the Duplin marl at the Natural Well, and
like T. dupliniana, the species occurs also in the Yorktown
formation on the James River above Smithfield.
Distribution: Virginia: Yorktown formation, "James River
north of Smithfield" (Olsson). ·
North Carolina: Duplin marl. Natural Well and llh miles
northwest of Magnolia, Duplin County.
Superfamily PTENOGLOSSA
Family EPITONIIDAE
Genus EPITONIUM "Bolton" Roeding
1798. Epitonium "Bolten" Roeding, Museum Boltenianum, pt.
2, p. 9'1.
Type by subsequent designation (Suter, Manual New Zealand
Mollusca, p. 319, 1913) : Turbo scalaris Linnaeus=Scalaria pretiosa
Lamarck. Recent, in the western Pacific.
The genus has been gradually increasing in prominence
since the Triassic and is represented in the Recent
seas by some 150 to 200 species of "wentle traps" distributed
from the polar regions to the tropics and from
between tides to abysmal depths.
Subgenus HYALOSCALA De Boury
1890. Hyaloscala De Boury, Soc. malacol. italiana Boll., vol.
14, p. 90 of separate.
Type by original designation : Seal-aria clathratula Adams.
Recent, in the western Atlantic from Marthas Vineyard to
Key West.
Hyaloscala includes small, thin shells, usually of
slender outline, made up of convex whorls separated
by moderately impressed sutures, sculptured by laminar
axials not fused at the sutures into a continuous series.
The aperture is oval, broadening anteriorly, and the
reflected inner lip completely closes the umbilical
chink.
A number of species from the European Tertiary
have been referred to this subgenus, and the Recent
forms, though not very numerous, have a wide distribution
both in longitude and latitude.
Epitonium (Hyaloscala) carolinae Gardner, n. sp.
Plate 28, :figure 50
Shell small, delicate, slender. Imperforate. Whorls
probably 8, contiguous, convex, tapering to an acute