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Epitonium alaquaense Mansfield from the lower part
of the Choctawhatchee formation in northern Florida
is similar in outline and in the character of the varices
but it lacks the basal cord which in E. microstoma connects
the varices but does not override them.
Epitonium microstorna has been recognized only. at
the type locality.
Subgenus PICTOSCALA Dall
1917. Pictoscala Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 53, p. 477.
Type by subsequent designation (De Boury, Jour. conchyliologie,
vol 64, p. 37, 1919) : Scalaria lineata Say. Recent, from
Vineyard· Sound to the Gulf of Mexico.
In spite of the numerous sections proposed by 1\l de Boury, he
does not seem to have designated one to receive shells of the
type of Sca.la1·ia lineata Say, 1822 (not of Kiener, 1838). These
forms have a more or less dark colored body with a feebly developed
basal disk, fine spiral striation, rather numerous small
varices, and a few irregularly distributed very much heavier
varices, including the terminal one. A single species of this
group occurs at Panama. In allusion to the coloration I propose
Pictoscala for these forms.-Dall, 1917.
Heilprin, 1880, figured very badly a species that he
called Scalaria unilineata and cited as the locality, Jackson,
Miss. Aldrich, 1897, refigured the species, which
is an excellent example of Pictoscala. If Heilprin was
correct in giving his type locality as Jackson, Miss., and
there is no reason to doubt him, the subgenus runs back
at least to the upper Eocene. We have a scattered representation
of characteristic species through the Tertiary
of the eastern seaboard, and in tlle Recent faunas Pictoscala
occurs both in the Atlantic and the Pacific seas.
It ranges farther south on the west coast than on the east
coast.
Epitonium (Pictoscala) pratti Gardner, n. sp.
Plate 28, figures 44-46
Shell moderately heavy, relatively stout, imperforate.
Whorls contiguous, convex, probably about 10.
Apex broken away in all available material. Axial
varices very low, blunt, continuous, feebly retractive,
separated by regularly convex intervarical areas; ends
of varices bent at right angles at the suture and appressed
against the preceding whorl. Traces of a very
faint microscopic spiral striation sometimes present.
Suture impressed, partially filled on the later whorls
by the recurved ends of the varices. Base of body whorl
delimited by a faint but distinct cingulum. Aperture
holostomous, obliquely elliptical; inner margin less
strongly arcuate than the outer. Parietal wall heavily
calloused. Labrum subvaricose. Umbilicus concealed.
Dimensions of holotype: Height, 14.8 mm.; maximum
diameter, 6.4 mm. Dimensions of imperfect paratype:
Height, 20.6 mm.; maximum diameter, 8.5 mm.
Holotype: U.S.N.M. 325434; para type, U.S.N.M.
325435.
Type localities : Holotype, 1 mile southeast of Chocowinity,
Beaufort County, N.C.; paratype, 1 mile north-
PART 2. SCAPHOPODA AND GASTROPODA 209
east of Suffolk, Nansemond County, Va. Both halotype
and para type localities in the Yorktown formation.
The varices present a rather wide range in number,
as low as 16 or 17 and as high as 25. The other characters
are so constant, however, that there seems to be
no advantage in isolating subspecies on the number of
varices alone.
Epitoniurm pratti strikingly suggests the subgenotype
E. lineatum (Say) in the general character of
the ornamentation and is probably the ancestor of that
species. It is distinct in that it is constantly stouter and
exhibits more convex whorls, usually more numerous
varices, and a less rotund peristome.
Distribution: Virginia: Yorktown formation, Yorktown,
York County; llh miles west of Smithfield, and Benns Church,
Isle of Wight County; 114 miles north of Suffolk, 1 mile west
of Suffolk, 1¥2 miles northeast of Suffolk. 1 mile northeast of.
Suffolk, Nansemond County.
North Carolina: Yorktown formation, Branchs Bridge on
the Meherrin River, Northampton County; 8 to 9 miles southeast
of Greenville, and 1 mile northwest of Galloway crossroads,
Pitt County; Hominy Swamp, 1 mile west of Wilson,
Wilson County; 1 mile southeast of Chocowinity, Beaufort
County. Duplin marl, 4 miles north of Lumberton on the
Lumber River, and 1lh miles northeast of Fairmont, Robeson
County; Waccamaw formation, City Rock Quarry near Wilmington,
New Hanover County.
Superfamily GYMNOGLOSSA
Family MELANELLIDAE
Genus STROMBIFORMIS DaCosta
1778. Strombiformis DaCosta, Britisa conchology, p. 107.
Type by subsequent designation (Iredale, Malacol. Soc. London
Proc., vol. 11, p. 293, 1915) : ·Strombiformis ylaber DaCosta=
Turbo subulatus Donovan, fide Jeffreys. Recent, from the British
Isles to the Mediterranean.
These shells have nothing to do with Strombus, the
giant conch, but are the "needle shells" from the Greek
word meaning spindle. They are exceedingly slender
little forms with long drawn out spires and bodies, a
narrow lobate aperture and a reflected and closely appressed
inner lip. The Recent shells are banded in color.
Strombiformis dalli and S. juncea, described below,
are typical. In Strombiformis biconica, S. bartschi, and
S. lina the outline is less slender, and the body less
attenuated than in the typical form. Perhaps they
should be excluded from the restricted section of the
genus.
Strombiformis dalli Gardner and Aldrich
Pia te 27, figure 8
1890. Eulima (Leiostraca) reeUuscula Dall (part), Wagner Free
Inst. Sci. Trans., vol. 3, pt. 1, p. 160. -
1919. Strombiformis dalli Gardner and Aldrich, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia Proc., vol. 71, p. 39, pl. 2, fig. 5.
Shell imperforate, moderately tall and exceedingly
slender. Spire subulate, faintly undulated by the barely
perceptible medial convexity of the whorls; height of