Sabit F. Zeyniyev Baku, Azerbaijan

Sabit F. Zeyniyev
Baku, Azerbaijan
“Tectonic and technogenic factors of
influence on erosion in zone Samur-
Absheron Canal”(Russia-Azerbaijan
transportation corridor).

The map of Azerbaijan

The investigated area

Samur-Apsheron Canal (SAC) passes at east spurs Large
Caucasian ridge in dust powder, loess-like loams, in thicker
gayness clays. Extent of the canal - 182 kms.
Some circumstances make this corridor important for
scientists and government :
• Extreme density of infrastructure along the river Samur -
SAC - Djeyranbatan reservoir hydroengineering system (oilpipeline,
railroad, gas-pipeline etc.);
• Frequentative crossings of the SAC and Baku-
Novorossiysk oil-pipeline;
• High seismic activity of region;

Samur-Apsheron Canal passes along the international
transport corridor " Silk Road ". High density of an
infrastructure of this corridor at coast of the Caspian sea in
itself does all system very vulnerable for.
Brief list of some basic elements of infrastructure of the given
transport corridor:
• Samur-Apsheron Canal;
• Baku-Moscow highway;
• Baku-Moscow trunk-railway;
• Baku-Novorossiysk oil-pipe line;
• Azerbaijan-Russia gas pipeline;
• Azerbaijan-Russia high-voltage line;
• Shollar-1 water-pipeline;
• Shollar-2 water-pipeline;

Geological and geographical information
As a result of tectonic division into districts in a northeast
part of Azerbaijan have been allocated a number of large
structures: Kusaro-Divichinsky, Tengi-Beshbarmaksky,
Sudursky, Shahdag-Hizinsky, and also a number of
structures of the lowest rank.
Territories of the named structures, are studied at
qualitatively different levels as concerning tectonic
processes, character of a parity of superficial and deep
structures, allocation of structural floors etc. opinions of
researchers do not coincide. These discrepancies are
connected, obviously, not only with the subjective factor,
but also to a lesser degree with various volume of an actual
material.

On geodynamic conditions of formation of structural
complexes and floors tectonic structures of region are
dismembered on geosynclinal and orogenic. So, the most
northern, Kusaro-Divichinsky tectonic zone is allocated as
later orogenic floor Alpine orogenic complex. All these
structural complexes are characterized from the point of view
of distribution to their limits of geological formations and
features of geotectonic development.

In our researches these data in a certain measure are used as the
important geological criteria of an estimation of natural tectonic and
seismic estimations of influence on SAC.
For the last half a century in zone SAK are spent and works on
neotectonics studying proceed. Despite rather short time, the saved
up information is considerable and various. Results of long-term
researches are generalised in a neotectonic card of Azerbaijan of
M 1:500000 , published in 1991. Within the Kusaro-Divichinsky
tectonic step on a mode of display of the newest tectonic
movements various zones are allocated.

Questions of seismicity and seismotectonics of region of an
arrangement of the Samur-Apsheronsky channel are considered in
works.During purposeful researches of seismicity and
seismotectonics of Azerbaijan, 4 cards of seismic division into
districts have been made at least. Last two cards are published in
1968г. And 1980г. On a card 1968г. Almost all territory of southeast
caucasus is allocated as a 7-mark zone.
It is necessary to notice, that according to statistical data\in 1965-
1976гг., were observed about 20 notable, strong and catastrophic
earthquakes in zone SAC

Considerable earthquakes in region after introduction in a system
of the Samur-Apsheronsky channel were Hachmassky
(09.11.1966г.), Caspian (18.09.1961г. And 27.01.1963г). The
Caspian earthquakes have occurred from the same centre located
approximately in 60 km from coast in water area of the sea. The
configuration isoseist both earthquakes is very similar. 7-mark
isoseist covers a narrow coastal strip along the Samur-
Apsheronsky channel around settlements Divichi, Siazan, Zarat,
Gylezi and further in a direction of Sumgait. About the same it is
established for Kyzylburunsky earthquake 1962г., with that only a
difference, that epicentre of the last is located in 7-10 km from
coast. Besides, the maximum force of earthquake reached 7 points
around settlement Siazan, i.e. in central zone SAC.

Long supervision and field works in zone SAC has allowed to reveal
funneled (V-shaped) deposits and destructions in a channel cut. Found out
V-shaped objects are the indicator of presence of a zone of tectonic
destruction. Depending on character of tectonic infringement, it can be not
a funnel, but only its one forming. As a result of the spent researches it has
appeared, that tectonic infringements make huge impact on many parties
SAC, and this influence does not depend on capacity of a sedimentary
cover. So, the pedigree column which is directly over tectonic infringement,
is characterized by the highest infringements. Being in broken and in
raising breaking condition, this pedigree column has, naturally, raised
pliability. That is, any engineering constructions, in particular SAC as the
lengthy object crossing zones of tectonic infringements, bends and deflects
in these zones.

Similar process is observed in soil roads along the channel.
Actually, upon, on places deposits of a concrete wall of the
channel, on the same site are expensive to have constantly to pour
a ground or gravel. Thus, the road and the channel simultaneously
cross a site of tectonic infringement and are submitted to its
influence. On line SAC of such sites of the channel and the road,
demanding regular repair a little. Two almost parallel forming Vshaped
objects are indication of a zone of tectonic infringement.

There is a question why in zones of tectonic infringements thick
concrete walls of the channel not simply sag in connection with the
lowered bearing ability of a ground, and by all means are torn,
burst. Not excepting other explanations, it is possible to assume,
that in zones of tectonic infringements pulsations of rocks take
place. Presence of a pulsation of a ground leads to that the channel
as the lengthy object which crosses a zone of tectonic infringement,
leans simultaneously both on motionless, and on a pulsing ground.
As a result, it is under constant sign-variable violence that will
necessarily lead to development at first micro, and then and
macrocracks.

We observed the erosion and destruction SAC sites which
breakdown susceptibility also is defined by influence of zones of
tectonic infringements. However the breakdown susceptibility
mechanism here absolutely other. These are sites SAC near to
zones of military units and military ranges. Feature of such zones is
presence of vibrating heavy caterpillar technics and artillery volleys.

SAC reaches 187 kilometers from Samur hydrounit on border with
Dagestan, and to avoid crossing of zones of tectonic infringements is
impossible. But the knowledge of the mechanism of influence of these
zones on condition SAC and other engineering facilities certainly will
help to find means to neutralize it. And especially, at transition under
the rivers. After all channels of the rivers it is obligatory zones of
tectonic infringements, and it defines such high breakdown
susceptibility ducers. However, unlike other similar sites, under
channels of the rivers deeply under the soil, therefore destructions of
these sites it is difficult to observe sites of transition of the channel. As
a rule, such destructions lead to loss of a part of proceeding water. In
crossings with channels, water leak moves with water of the river and
it is difficult to supervise and restore such destructions.