rural livelihoods in the global south (f8017s) - University of Sussex

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Kapadia K (2010) Liberalisation and transformations in India’s informal economy Female breadwinners in working-class households in Chennai in B Harriss-White and J Heyer (eds) The Comparative Political Economy of Development: Africa and South Asia. London, Routledge [Study Direct] Momsen, J. H. (2004) Gender and Development, Routledge, London. Nightingale, A. (2006) The nature of gender: work, gender, and environment Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2006, 24(2):165-185 Ransom E and C Bain (2011) ‘Gendering Agricultural Aid An Analysis of Whether International Development Assistance Targets Women and Gender’, Gender and Society 25(1): 48-74. Rao N (2012), ‘Male ‘Providers’ and Female ‘Housewives’: A Gendered Co-performance in Rural North India’ Development and Change 43(5): 1025-1048 Whitehead, A. and Kabeer, N. (2001) Living with Uncertainty: gender, livelihoods and propoor growth in rural sub-Saharan Africa IDS Working Paper 134. Caste Another ‘axis’ of differentiation is caste. We don’t have time to discuss this in class, but anyone who is interested can take a look at some of these: Basu, P. and J. Chakraborty (2008) Land, Labor and Rural Development: Analyzing Participation in India’s Village Dairy Cooperatives, Professional Geographer, 60(3): 299-313. De Neve G and G Carswell (2013) T-shirts and Tumblers: caste, politics and industrial work in Tiruppur’s textile belt, Tamilnadu Contributions to Indian Sociology (forthcoming, copy available on Study Direct under Week 7) Gorringe, H 2010: ‘Shifting the “grindstone of caste”? Decreasing Dependency among Dalit labourers in Tamil Nadu’, pp248-266 in B Harriss-White and J Heyer (eds) The Comparative Political Economy of Development: Africa and South Asia. London, Routledge. [Study Direct] Gupta, D. (2004) Introduction: The Certitudes of Caste: When Identity Trumps Hierarchy, Contributions to Indian Sociology, 38 (1/2). Jeffrey C. (2001) ‘A fist is stronger than five fingers’: caste and dominance in rural north India’ Trans Inst Br Geogr NS 26 217–236 . Krishna, A. (2003) What is Happening to Caste? A View from Some North Indian Villages, Journal of Asian Studies, 62 (4). Shah, AM (2007) Caste in the 21st Century: From System to Elements Economic and Political Weekly (Nov. 3 - 9, 2007), 42(44): 109-116. Tanabe, A., 2006, Recast(e)ing Identity: Transformation of Inter-Caste Relationships in Post-Colonial Rural Orissa, Modern Asian Studies, 40 (3), 761-796. Week 5: Agriculture and Livelihoods: the role of modern biotechnology This week we will consider how ‘agricultural development’ has been experienced by the rural poor. We will critically review the Green Revolution - for some commentators, this was a social and environmental failure; for others, it was an economic success that helped stave off a Malthusian hunger trap. With the experience of the Green Revolution in our minds, we turn our attention to modern biotechnology and ‘GM’ crops. We consider why there is a need for modern, high-energy input agricultural development, and what have been the environmental, economic and socio-political problems associated with modern agriculture. We consider the debate around the impact of GM crops on poverty and food security. Rural Livelihoods in the Global South, 2013 - F8017 8
Core readings (to be divided in class) Read together: Altieri, M.A., & Rosset, P. (1999). Ten reasons why biotechnology will not ensure food security, protect the environment and reduce poverty in the developing world. Ag Bio Forum, 2, 155-162. [Study Direct] McGloughlin, M. (1999). Ten reasons why biotechnology will be important to the developing world. Ag Bio Forum, 2, 163-174. [Study Direct] Altieri, M.A., & Rosset, P. (1999). Strengthening the case for why biotechnology will not help the developing world: Response to McGloughlin. Ag Bio Forum, 2, 226-236. [available online] Bazuina, S., H. Azadib, F Witloxb (2011) Application of GM crops in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons learned from Green Revolution Biotechnology Advances 29(6): 908-912 Jewitt S and K Baker (2007) ‘The Green Revolution re-assessed: Insider perspectives on agrarian change in Bulandshahr District, Western Uttar Pradesh, India’, Geoforum 38(1): 73-89. Scoones, I. (2006). Can GM crops prevent famine in Africa? In: Devereux, S. et al (eds.). New Famines. Routledge: London [Study Direct] Subramanian, A. and M. Qaim (2010) The Impact of Bt Cotton on Poor Households in Rural India Journal of Development Studies 46(2): 295–311. Thirtle, C. et al (2003) Can GM –technologies help the poor? The impact of Bt cotton in Makhathini Flats, KwaZulu-Natal World Development 31(4): 717-732 Witt, H. and R. Patel and M. Schnurr (2006) Can the poor help GM crops? Technology, representation and cotton Makhathini Flats in South Africa Review of African Political Economy 33(109): 497-513. Further readings Bailey, B. and Lappe, M. (1999) Against the Grain Earthscan, London. Bennett, R. et al (2006) Farm-Level Economic Performance of Genetically Modified Cotton in Maharashtra, India Review of Agricultural Economics 28(1): 59–71. Brooks, S. (2005) ‘Biotechnology and the politics of trust: From the Green Revolution to an evergreen revolution’ Sociologia ruralis 4(4): 360-379 Byerlee, D. and Fischer, K. (2002) ‘Accessing Modern Science: Policy and Institutional Options for Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries’ World Development 30 (6): 931-48. Chapman, G.P. (2002) The Green Revolution, pp155-159 in, Desai, V. and Potter, R.B. (eds) The Companion to Development Studies, Arnold, London. Conway, G. (1997) The Doubly Green Revolution: food for all in the twenty first century, Penguin, Harmondsworth. Conway, G. and Toenniessen, G. (1999) ‘Feeding the world in the twenty-first century’ Nature 402, no.6761, SUPPL. (02 DEC 1999) p. C55-C58 De la Perriere, R.A.B. and Seurat, F. (2000) Brave New Seeds: The threat of GM Crops for farmers, Zed Books, London. Eicher, C. et al (2006) Crop biotechnology and the African farmer Food Policy 31(6): 504- 527. [StudyDirect] Glover, D. (2010) The corporate shaping of GM crops as a technology for the poor, Journal of Peasant Studies 37(1): 67 - 90 Glover, D. (2003) Bt Cotton: benefits for poor farmers? Democratising Biotechnology. Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries IDS Briefing Series. Briefing 9 Glover, D. (2009) 'Undying Promise: Agricultural biotechnology's pro-poor narrative, ten years on', STEPS Working Paper 15, Brighton, UK: STEPS Centre. GRAIN (2006) Another silver bullet for Africa? Available on GRAIN website Rural Livelihoods in the Global South, 2013 - F8017 9
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