Antitrust Status of Farmer Cooperatives: - USDA Rural Development ...

Contents
ii
Page
CHAPTER 1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ..................2
The Railroads: The E arly Years .........................2
The Farmers Move West ..............................5
Railroad Growth, Conduct, and Regulation ................7
Corporations and Trus ts ..............................14
Development of the Corporate Structure ..............14
Horizontal Coordination ............................15
Vertical Coordination ..............................17
Cooperatives Emerge ................................19
CHAPTER 2. THE SHERMAN ACT ........................22
Legislative History ..................................23
Provisions .........................................28
Judicial Interpretation ................................30
Literal Meaning Decisions ..........................33
Business Reacts, Roosevelt Responds ...............34
Rule of Reason ..................................36
Rule of P er Se Illeg ality ............................40
Price Fixing ..............................43
Trade Territory Allocation ....................48
Group Boycotts, Refusals to Deal .............50