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Figure 1. The global distribution of homegardens (see description on the left hand side, p. 4). INTRODUCTION II 5
6 P.K.R. NNAIR AND B.M. KUMAR the regions as indicated; it does not imply that homegardens are the only or major land use system in any of these regions. Based on the above, it is reasonable to assume that homegardens are most popular in the tropics, but can also be found between 40 o N and 30 o S latitudes. South- and Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, East- and West Africa, and Mesoamerica are the regions where largest concentrations of homegardens can be found. <strong>Homegardens</strong> are also reportedly very popular in tropical and subtropical parts of China; however, other than general descriptions of the systems (e.g., Zhaohua et al., 1991; Wenhua, 2001), practically no information could be gathered on their area statistics. The Mediterranean region of Catalonia (Agelet et al., 2000) and southern Africa (High and Shackleton, 2000) also are reported to have homegardens. In terms of ecological distribution, the highest concentrations of homegardens are in the humid and subhumid tropics, but they are also common in other ecological regions, especially the tropical highlands of Asia, Africa, and Mesoamerica (Nair, 1989). Clearly, our understanding about the spread of homegardens is incomplete; more efforts are needed to compile these statistics at local, regional, national, and global levels. Although homegardens are known as a predominantly tropical ‘phenomenon’, homegardening – or, conceptually similar practices – exist outside the tropical zone as well. For instance, Gold and Hannover (1987) and Herzog (1998) describe fruittree based agroforestry systems in North America and Europe, respectively. Vogl and Vogl-Lukasser (2003) reported that homegardens were typical elements of the mosaic of agroecosystems in the mountainous Alpine region of Austria. Streuobst (fruit trees grown on agricultural lands with crops or pasture as understorey), a traditional practice in Europe that has been on the decline since around 1930s, is now receiving increasing attention and acceptance among the general public and promoted by nongovernmental and conservation agencies. Although the fruit-tree based agroforestry systems are strictly not homegardening, such systems occasionally involve homegardening, and their socio-cultural, ecological, and aesthetic values often exceed their economic values. Based on an extensive survey and interview with practitioners of African-American gardening traditions in the rural southern United States, Westmacott (1992) traced the principal functions and features of African- American yards and gardens. During slavery, the gardens were used primarily to grow life-sustaining crops and vegetables, and the yard of a crowded cabin was often the only place where the slave family could assert some measure of independence and perhaps find some degree of spiritual refreshment. Since slavery, working the garden for the survival of the family has become less urgent, but there seems to be a revival of appreciation of their recreational, social, and other uses. For example, the gardeners are now finding pleasure in growing flowers and produce and deriving satisfaction from agrarian life-style, self-reliance, and private ownership. Through historical research, field observations, and oral interviews, Westmacott (1992) traces the West African roots of this gardening tradition and elucidates how the African-American community manipulated the garden space to their best advantage – something very similar to the motivations of subsistence gardeners in well-established homegardens in other parts of the world (Fig. 1).
Page 2 and 3: Tropical Homegardens
Page 4 and 5: Tropical Homegardens A Time-Tested
Page 6 and 7: List of Contributors Chapter Review
Page 8 and 9: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Abdoellah O.S.
Page 10 and 11: LIST L OF CONTRIBUTORS ix Nair P.K.
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER REVIEWERS Abdoellah, O.S, P
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION P.K.R. NAIR
Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTION I house gardens as a s
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION I Related to the above
Page 22 and 23: INTRODUCTION I Christanty L. 1990.
Page 24 and 25: SECTION 1 HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL P
Page 26 and 27: 14 K.F. WWIERSUM moist tropical reg
Page 28 and 29: 16 K.F. WIERSUM W homegardens organ
Page 30 and 31: 18 K.F. WIERSUM W and rural homegar
Page 32 and 33: 20 Up to a certain level, the culti
Page 34 and 35: 22 K.F. WIERSUM W homegarden system
Page 36 and 37: 24 K.F. WIERSUM W Terra G.J.A. 1953
Page 38 and 39: 26 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. cultures, a
Page 40 and 41: 28 bast fiber of which is used for
Page 42 and 43: 30 Category Species R.R. THAMAN T E
Page 44 and 45: 32 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. (Thaman, 19
Page 46 and 47: 34 1.3. Animal husbandry R.R. THAMA
Page 48 and 49: 36 many cultivate food crops on ove
Page 50 and 51: 38 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. ownership o
Page 52 and 53: 40 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. REFERENCES
Page 54 and 55: CHAPTER 4 AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS: TH
Page 56 and 57: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS of processing
Page 58 and 59: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS Amazonia in m
Page 60 and 61: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS Catholic miss
Page 62 and 63: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS their ethnici
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Page 66 and 67: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS practice. Nev
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AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS Surrogate hom
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AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS Penn J.W. Jr.
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CHAPTER 5 HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERIC
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2. GENERAL ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECON
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amendments as indicated by nutrient
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that of the native forests of the r
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of other regions in Mesoamerica. Th
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Nicoya, SW Costa Rica tropical seas
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M 205 to
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M The im
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M found
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M soil a
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M Domest
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Levasseur V. and Olivier A. 2000. T
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SECTION 2 STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND
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88 A. PEYRE ET AL. 1. INTRODUCTION
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90 In view of these developments, K
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92 3.1. Distinction in homegarden t
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94 In general, there is a tendency
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96 Table 2. Management practices of
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98 NEEM Inputs Management A.PEYRE E
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100 (high diversity, multi-storied
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102 A. PEYRE ET AL. therefore to be
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CHAPTER 7 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF
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COCONUT-BASED AGROFORESTRY IN MELAN
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Coconut trees tr 1 2 Co
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115 As the palms attain the bearing
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124 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. 1. INTRO
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126 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. ecologic
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128 not only be assessed based on s
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130 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. identifi
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132 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. 4.4. Fac
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134 here as well. In the first plac
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136 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. diversit
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138 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. economic
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140 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. Soemarwo
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142 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. Capsicum
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144 A. WEZEL W AND J. OHL 1. INTROD
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Figure 1. Location of the Manu Nati
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148 Furthermore, some species such
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Functional groups/species Occurrenc
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Functional groups/species Occurrenc
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154 A. WEZEL W AND J. OHL 5. DISCUS
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156 5.3. Changes in species richnes
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158 A. WEZEL W AND J. OHL Eden M.J.
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160 P.L. HOWARD have not been discu
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162 P.L. HOWARD men may occasionall
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Men and women 1 12.5 Mexico (26) 6
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166 P.L. HOWARD homegardening to pr
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168 P.L. HOWARD homegardens, and ip
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170 P.L. HOWARD and men can also ul
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172 P.L. HOWARD men use homegardens
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174 P.L. HOWARD of men’s agricult
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176 P.L. HOWARD To the degree that
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178 P.L. HOWARD specialization, and
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180 P.L. HOWARD may offer women gre
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182 P.L. HOWARD Lope Alzina D. 2006
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CHAPTER 11 CARBON SEQUESTRATION POT
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CARBON C SEQUESTRATION S POTENTIAL
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Forest remnants, Lampung, Indonesia
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Erythrina poeppigiana + cacao, Turr
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1 Low (121 Mg C ha -1 ); upper limi
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CHAPTER 12 MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TROP
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MEDICINAL M PLANTS IN HOMEGARDENS 2
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Allium cepa (onion) Liliaceae bulb
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213 value, 36 had medicinal value a
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Table 3. Multipurpose trees with me
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Leucaena leucocephala (lead tree) M
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Table 4. Shade-tolerant medicinal s
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Cymbopogon martinii var. Poaceae sh
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Rosemarinus officinalis Lamiaceae h
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CHAPTER 13 COMMERCIALIZATION OF HOM
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235 the need for more cash as consu
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COMMERCIALIZATION OF HOMEGARDENS IN
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239 between the number of individua
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243 Table 5. Differences in socioec
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CHAPTER 14 TRANSPIRATION CHARACTERI
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253 water deficits. Considering the
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TRANSPIRATION T CHARACTERISTICS C O
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270 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT the
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272 they generate a net margin whic
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274 3. SUSTAINABILITY OF AGROFOREST
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276 (Penot, 2001). However, it is d
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278 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT The
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280 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT pra
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282 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT Mic
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284 S.MOHAN ET AL . systems are wel
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286 2.3. Components of the annual f
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288 S. MOHAN ET AL . 3. RESULTS The
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290 S.MOHAN ET AL . difference acro
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292 S.MOHAN ET AL . Variables Finan
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294 S. MOHAN ET AL . aesthetics and
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296 S.MOHAN ET AL . Scientific name
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CHAPTER 17 THE ROLE OF HOMEGARDENS
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HOMEGARDENS IN AGROFORESTRY DEVELOP
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Cedrela odorata L. cedro cedro 1984
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Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
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Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. can
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Morus bombycis Koidz. mulberry amor
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CHAPTER 18 URBAN HOMEGARDENS AND AL
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URBAN U HOMEGARDENS AND ALLOTMENT G
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331 leafy greens and are transplant
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Water authorities Prohibiting the u
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CHAPTER 19 ARE TROPICAL HOMEGARDENS
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341 • Specific influences of sele
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343 Differences between means were
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345 onion (Allium ( fistulosum) for
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fertility over time, C and N conten
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349 of the overall diversity should
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4.3. Factors influencing crop diver
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ARE TROPICAL T HOMEGARDENS SUSTAINA
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CHAPTER 20 WHITHER HOMEGARDENS? P.K
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 357 In order
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359 The bottom line is, dominant fo
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 361 spectrum
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363 preferential introduction of ra
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 365 environm
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 367 hobby fa
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 369 Mohan S.
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Adaptability 66, 67, 87, 123, 179,
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Externalities 198, 269, 270, 272, 2
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Nutrient outputs 194 Nutritional se
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Tree root systems 190, 193, 196, 19
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