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SECTION 1 HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 2 DIVERSITY AND CHANGE IN HOMEGARDEN CULTIVATION IN INDONESIA K.F. WIERSUM Forest and Nature Conservation Policy group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; E-mail: Keywords: Homegarden dynamics, Rural transformations, Social sustainability. Abstract. Homegardens have been described as traditional agroforestry systems that are ecologically and socially sustainable. The concept of social sustainability has two dimensions: positive role to present livelihood conditions and ability to respond to socioeconomic changes. The dynamics of homegardens and its repercussions on social sustainability have received relatively little research attention. On the basis of results of extensive studies in Java and other parts of Indonesia, this article summarizes the historic and recent developments in the homegardening context. The structure and composition of homegardens depend both on their position in the overall farming system and on livelihood strategies of the managers. Rural transformations result in changes in livelihoods and farming systems, and have impacts on homegarden function and composition. The opinions of various authors on homegarden dynamics range from positive to negative; the former consider that changes in homegarden features are associated with socio-professional changes of villagers and the rural-urban interface, while the latter view these changes as indicative of the demise of a traditional system and argue for its revitalization. These different opinions represent different norms in assessing social sustainability of homegardens and differences in value judgments on the ideal structure of homegardens. 1. INTRODUCTION Homegardening has been hypothesized as being the oldest form of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Its origin has been associated with fishing communities living in the 13 B.M. Kumar and P.K.R. Nair (eds.), Tropical Homegardens: A Time-Tested Example of Sustainable Agroforestry, 13–24. © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
Page 2 and 3: Tropical Homegardens
Page 4 and 5: Tropical Homegardens A Time-Tested
Page 6 and 7: List of Contributors Chapter Review
Page 8 and 9: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Abdoellah O.S.
Page 10 and 11: LIST L OF CONTRIBUTORS ix Nair P.K.
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER REVIEWERS Abdoellah, O.S, P
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION P.K.R. NAIR
Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTION I house gardens as a s
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1. The global distribution o
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION I Related to the above
Page 22 and 23: INTRODUCTION I Christanty L. 1990.
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Page 32 and 33: 20 Up to a certain level, the culti
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Page 36 and 37: 24 K.F. WIERSUM W Terra G.J.A. 1953
Page 38 and 39: 26 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. cultures, a
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Page 42 and 43: 30 Category Species R.R. THAMAN T E
Page 44 and 45: 32 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. (Thaman, 19
Page 46 and 47: 34 1.3. Animal husbandry R.R. THAMA
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Page 50 and 51: 38 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. ownership o
Page 52 and 53: 40 R.R. THAMAN T ET AL. REFERENCES
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Page 56 and 57: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS of processing
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Page 62 and 63: AMAZONIAN HOMEGARDENS their ethnici
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Page 72 and 73: CHAPTER 5 HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERIC
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2. GENERAL ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECON
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amendments as indicated by nutrient
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that of the native forests of the r
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of other regions in Mesoamerica. Th
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Nicoya, SW Costa Rica tropical seas
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M 205 to
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M The im
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M found
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M soil a
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HOMEGARDENS OF MESOAMERICA M Domest
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Levasseur V. and Olivier A. 2000. T
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SECTION 2 STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND
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88 A. PEYRE ET AL. 1. INTRODUCTION
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90 In view of these developments, K
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92 3.1. Distinction in homegarden t
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94 In general, there is a tendency
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96 Table 2. Management practices of
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98 NEEM Inputs Management A.PEYRE E
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100 (high diversity, multi-storied
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102 A. PEYRE ET AL. therefore to be
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CHAPTER 7 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF
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COCONUT-BASED AGROFORESTRY IN MELAN
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Coconut trees tr 1 2 Co
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115 As the palms attain the bearing
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124 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. 1. INTRO
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126 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. ecologic
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128 not only be assessed based on s
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130 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. identifi
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132 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. 4.4. Fac
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134 here as well. In the first plac
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136 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. diversit
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138 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. economic
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140 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. Soemarwo
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142 TESFAYE T ABEBE ET AL. Capsicum
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144 A. WEZEL W AND J. OHL 1. INTROD
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Figure 1. Location of the Manu Nati
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148 Furthermore, some species such
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Functional groups/species Occurrenc
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Functional groups/species Occurrenc
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154 A. WEZEL W AND J. OHL 5. DISCUS
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156 5.3. Changes in species richnes
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158 A. WEZEL W AND J. OHL Eden M.J.
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160 P.L. HOWARD have not been discu
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162 P.L. HOWARD men may occasionall
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Men and women 1 12.5 Mexico (26) 6
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166 P.L. HOWARD homegardening to pr
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168 P.L. HOWARD homegardens, and ip
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170 P.L. HOWARD and men can also ul
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172 P.L. HOWARD men use homegardens
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174 P.L. HOWARD of men’s agricult
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176 P.L. HOWARD To the degree that
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178 P.L. HOWARD specialization, and
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180 P.L. HOWARD may offer women gre
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182 P.L. HOWARD Lope Alzina D. 2006
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CHAPTER 11 CARBON SEQUESTRATION POT
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CARBON C SEQUESTRATION S POTENTIAL
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Forest remnants, Lampung, Indonesia
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Erythrina poeppigiana + cacao, Turr
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1 Low (121 Mg C ha -1 ); upper limi
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CHAPTER 12 MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TROP
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MEDICINAL M PLANTS IN HOMEGARDENS 2
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Allium cepa (onion) Liliaceae bulb
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213 value, 36 had medicinal value a
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Table 3. Multipurpose trees with me
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Leucaena leucocephala (lead tree) M
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Table 4. Shade-tolerant medicinal s
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Cymbopogon martinii var. Poaceae sh
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Rosemarinus officinalis Lamiaceae h
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CHAPTER 13 COMMERCIALIZATION OF HOM
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235 the need for more cash as consu
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COMMERCIALIZATION OF HOMEGARDENS IN
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239 between the number of individua
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243 Table 5. Differences in socioec
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CHAPTER 14 TRANSPIRATION CHARACTERI
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253 water deficits. Considering the
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TRANSPIRATION T CHARACTERISTICS C O
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270 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT the
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272 they generate a net margin whic
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274 3. SUSTAINABILITY OF AGROFOREST
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276 (Penot, 2001). However, it is d
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278 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT The
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280 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT pra
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282 E. TTORQUEBIAU AND E. PENOT Mic
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284 S.MOHAN ET AL . systems are wel
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286 2.3. Components of the annual f
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288 S. MOHAN ET AL . 3. RESULTS The
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290 S.MOHAN ET AL . difference acro
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292 S.MOHAN ET AL . Variables Finan
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294 S. MOHAN ET AL . aesthetics and
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296 S.MOHAN ET AL . Scientific name
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CHAPTER 17 THE ROLE OF HOMEGARDENS
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HOMEGARDENS IN AGROFORESTRY DEVELOP
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Cedrela odorata L. cedro cedro 1984
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Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
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Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. can
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Morus bombycis Koidz. mulberry amor
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CHAPTER 18 URBAN HOMEGARDENS AND AL
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URBAN U HOMEGARDENS AND ALLOTMENT G
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331 leafy greens and are transplant
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Water authorities Prohibiting the u
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CHAPTER 19 ARE TROPICAL HOMEGARDENS
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341 • Specific influences of sele
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343 Differences between means were
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345 onion (Allium ( fistulosum) for
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fertility over time, C and N conten
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349 of the overall diversity should
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4.3. Factors influencing crop diver
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ARE TROPICAL T HOMEGARDENS SUSTAINA
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CHAPTER 20 WHITHER HOMEGARDENS? P.K
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 357 In order
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359 The bottom line is, dominant fo
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 361 spectrum
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363 preferential introduction of ra
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 365 environm
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 367 hobby fa
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WHITHER W HOMEGARDENS? 369 Mohan S.
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Adaptability 66, 67, 87, 123, 179,
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Externalities 198, 269, 270, 272, 2
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Nutrient outputs 194 Nutritional se
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Tree root systems 190, 193, 196, 19
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