Djurkovic_et_al_NM4.pdf

NATURA MONTENEGRINA, PODGORICA, 4, 2005, 195-200
UDK 553.26:556.113/114:556.26(497.11)(045)=111
ALGOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AND TROPHIC STATUS OF BARJE RESERVOIR
Aleksandra ĐURKOVIĆ 1 , Snežana ČAĐO 2 & Aleksandar MILETIĆ 3
Synopsis
According to the Programme of systematic examination of surface water quality carried
out by Republic Hydrometeorologic Service of Serbia by the end of Summer period 2002 and
2003,the examinations of Barje reservoir have been done on three localities: at the dam, in
central part and at the entrance of reservoir, on three depths. This paper presents the results
on phytoplankton contents, physico-chemical characteristics and trophic contents of reservoir.
Poor floristic variety has been noted - by qualitative analysis fifty-eight taxa of six algal
divisions have been determined.
Key words: Barje reservoir, phytoplankton, physico-chemical parameters, trophic status
Sinopsis
ALGOLOŠKA ISPITIVANJA,FIZIČKO-HEMIJSKE KARAKTERISTIKE I
TROFIČKI STATUS AKUMULACIJE BARJE
Prema programu sistematskog ispitivanja kvaliteta površinskih voda RHMZ-a Srbije
krajem letnjeg perioda 2002. i 2003. godine sprovedena su ispitivanja akumulacije Barje na tri
lokaliteta: kod brane, u centralnom delu i na ulazu u akumulaciju, na tri dubine. U radu su
prikazani rezultati sastava fitoplanktona, fizičko-hemijske karakteristike i trofički status
akumulacije. Kvalitativnom analizom fitoplanktona ustanovljena je mala floristička
raznovrsnost. Determinisano je 58 taksona iz šest razdela algi. U celokupnoj vodenoj masi
akumulacije silikatne alge su zastupljene sa najvećim brojem taksona.
Kjučne reči: akumulacija Barje, fitoplankton, fizičko-hemijski parametri, trofički status
1,2,3 Republic Hidrometeorologic Service of Serbia, Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro

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Natura Montenegrina, 4/2005
INTRODUCTION
The reservoir was formed by the Veternica River, 30 km upstream of the town of
Leskovac at the place called Barje. The first, primary aim was to protect Leskovac from
flooding waters, afterwards as the protection from sediments compiling, for regulation of flow
and ensurance of guaranteed biological minimum. Today this reservoir is primarily used for
water supply for town of Leskovac and the municipality of Lebane. Concerning the fact that
the filling was ended in 1995, that year has been taken as a zero point for water quality
determination. At maximum the reservoir has the volume of 40.6 · 10 6 m 3 , whilst the area is
139 hectares. In the conditions of normal USPOR the volume is 26.2 · 10 6 m 3 with maximal
depth of 25 m. The average width is 300 m and the length, depending on filling, varies
between 7.1 and 7.5 km.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Republic Hydrometeorologic Service of Serbia has carried out the physico-chemical
and biological examinations of water quality of Barje reservoir, since 1993, under the
Programme of Systematic Surface Water Quality Examination. This Programme had
established three localities of free water of reservoir, for sample taking: at the dam (A), at the
central part of the reservoir (B) and at the entrance of the reservoir (C). On each locality, the
samples are taken at three depths: 0.5 m under water surface (1), in the midde part of water
coloumn (2) and by the bottom of the reservoir (3).
Physico-chemical and biological examinations are carried out according to standard
methodology for sampling and working. Material for biological analysis was collected by
using plankton net, mesh size of 25 µm and hydrobiologic bottle after Ruttner, volume of 4.5
dm 3 . The samples have been fixed to by formaldehyde to the final concentration of 4 %.
Transparency was measured by Secchi disc. The analysis of physico-chemical parameters was
carried out by using standard analytical procedures by the methods of JUS-ISO, EPA.
The phytoplankton qualitative analysis was carried out in biological lab of RHMS by
using certain keys for determination, for each algal group separately. The determined taxa
have been grouped in the divisions on the basis of classification system due to which algae are
alligned in ten divisions (B l a ž e n č i ć , J. 1988.). Silicate algae have been determined from
the material made by a standard procedure (P a t r i c k & R e i m e r , 1966.) with the
formation of lasting preparations waxed in canada balsam. Trophic status of reservoir is given
due to OECD reservoir (M a n d a v i l l e , S. M.2000.).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of physico-chemical analysis are given in Tab. 1. Barje reservoir belongs to
dimictic lakes of the medium-continental type that are characterized by two circulation
periods, in Spring and Autumn, whilst there is the reversal thermal stratification. In the
results of examinations from August 2003 there have been noted the temperature differences
between layers of epilimnion and hypolimnion on the localities at the dam and in the central
part of the lake, whilst at the entrance due to a small depth the water temperature is even from
surface to the bottom. The examinations taken in September 2002 are pointing to the
beginning of the Autumn circulation process. The water transparency in that year was

ĐURKOVIĆ, A. et al: Algologic Examinations and Trophic Status of Barje Reservoir
relatively low that is characteristical for eutrophic lakes. In 2003 on the locality at the dam
the measured transparency had values characteristical for mesotrophic lakes. The high pH
values (from 7.38 to 8.50) have been noted that is caused by high bioproduction in water. The
soluble oxygen values had the highest values in surface water layers. The lowest values of
that parameter have been noted in 2003 at the entrance of the reservoir (8.55 mg/dm 3 ) and
highest (9.6 mg/dm 3 ) at the dam. In surface water layers of the central part of the reservoir
and of the dam (2002) also in a surface layer, the super saturation has been noted. The BOD
values, are also the highest in surface water layers, due to the huge amount of
biodecomposable organic materials. The COD that refers to contents of organic substances in
water increases by depth. The primary nutrients concentrations are of a certain influence on a
degree of a primary production of water ecosystems. The primary production is firstly
regulated by the amount of available phosphorous (SEPA 1991). According to the
categorization of primary nutrients belonged to fourth (IV) and the fifth (V) class. In 2003
the concentrations of Ntot matched the fifth (V) class, whilst the phosphorous concentrations
in a vertical coloumn were in the second (II) and the third (III) class.
Table 1. Results of physico-chemical water analysis of Barje reservoir
god. A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
Parameter
Depth (m)
2002.
2003.
0.5
0.5
15.0
14.5
30.0
29.0
0.5
0.5
7.0
12.0
15.0
25.0
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
1.5
3.5
Water temperature 2002. 22.0 17.2 15.0 22.0 20.0 16.8 22.2 22.2 21.8
( 0 C) 2003. 24.0 11.4 8.3 24.6 19.0 10.0 24.2 24.0 24.0
Transparency (m)
2002.
2003.
2.6
3.5
2.5
2.5
1.0
1.9
pH value
2002.
2003.
8.3
8.55
8.1
7.9
7.9
7.6
8.3
7.38
8.0
7.9
8.0
7.8
8.3
8.40
8.2
8.30
8.2
8.08
Dissolved O2 2002. 9.6 3.1 1.8 9.5 4.7 3.5 8.7 8.4 8.6
(mg/dm 3 ) 2003. 8.81 5.26 4.57 8.90 7.02 3.72 8.55 8.32 8.38
% of water
saturation by O2
(% O2)
2002.
2003.
110
99
32
48
18
39
110
108
52
76
38
33
100
103
97
99
98
101
BOD
2002. 1.2 1.2 1.2 8.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.0
(O2 mg/dm 3 ) 2003. 4.81 1.82 1.9 5.2 3.20 1.20 5.10 5.20 4.90
COD
(O2 mg/dm
2002. 1.8 2.4 3.1 1.6 2.5 3.1 1.6 1.8 1.8
3 on
KMnO4) 2003. 5.71 3.86 6.38 3.95 4.28 3.20 4.03 3.92 3.92
N tot
2002. 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5
(N-mg/dm 3 ) 2003. 2.5 1.5 2.6 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.6
P tot
2002. 0.025 0.039 0.084 0.026 0.024 0.025 0.060 0.030 0.032
(P-mg/dm 3 ) 2003. 0.008 0.022 0.021 0.008 0.012 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.014
Silicium dioxide 2002. 17.0 19.0 17.0 17.0 19.0 15.0 13.0 15.0 14.0
(SiO2 mg/dm 3 ) 2003. 3.0 12.6 17.7 3.4 8.2 12.5 3.7 3.8 3.9
A relatively small variety has been noted by qualitative analysis, that does not show
important changes compared to previous examinations (O b u š k o v i ć , L J . 1996; S i m i ć ,
S . 2000.). There have been determined 58 taxa from six algal divisions: Cyanophyta (5 taxa),
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Bacillariophyta (28 taxa), Chrysopyta (2 taxa), Pyrrhophyta (3 taxa), Euglenophyta(6 taxa)
and Chlorophyta (2 taxa). The highest number of taxa belong to Bacillariophyta, (48.27 %)
and Chlorophyta (24.13 %), whilst other algae are present with considerably lower number of
taxa, what coincides with the results of previous examinations (O b u š k o v i ć , L J . 1996;
Kalafitić , V . et al. 1997; S i m i ć , S . et al. 2000.). No matter that the repetitive of
fire and green blue algae have been presented with low number of taxa their populations have
had huge number of individuals and therefore have been the dominant constituents of
phytoplankton community. This refers in the first place to species Ceratium hirudinella
which was the dominant species in each period of the examination, whilst the species
Microcystys aeruginosa was dominant in 2002. In 2002 the dominant species were also
Closterium aciculare and Fragilararia crotonensis. The domination of these algae is notable
in surface water layers, at the dam and in the central point of the lake, whilst at the entrance,
probably due to the beginning of a process of autumn circulation and small depth, the density
of their populations in the vertical water coloumn was the same.
In 2003 the dominant species were Ceratium hirudinella and Closterium aciculare
whilst the species Fragilararia crotonensis and Asterionella formosa were subdominant. The
population density of these species was high not only in surface water, but also in deeper
layers. According to OECD classification system, the trophic status of reservoir
(M a n d a v i l l e , S . M . 2000) by the ararage concentrations of total phosphorous and
chlorophyll a in vertical water coloumn as well as the transparency can be characterized as
eutrophic in 2002, whilst in the 2003 it came to lower mesotrophic degree of trophy what
indicates that this reservoir in a changing stadium of eutrophication. Having in the mind that
this reservoir is relatively young and that the terrain cleansing has been done before the
filling it is necessary to take certain protection measures to prevent the increase in
eutrophication process. Data obtained by monitoring (biomonitoring and phisico−chemical
parameters of water) in monthly period should enable water quality monitoring not only of
reservoir, but should define also the influence of the Veternica River on the reservoir. The
slowing down of the eutrophication process and reservoir aging can be done by biological
measures by biomanipulation, influencing the production of the main components of aquatic
ecosystem in the frame of biocenosis, its balance, with elimination of possible production of
the excess of organic substance in system (Kalafatić, V. et al.1997.).
CONCLUSION
In August 2002 and September 2003, according to Programme of Systematic
Examination of Surface Water Quality carried out by RHMS of Serbia, physico-chemical and
biological examinations have been carried out on Barje reservoir. Fifthy-eight taxa from six
algal divisions have been determined. The highest number of taxa belonged to Bacillariophyta
(48.27%) and Chlorophyta (24.13%). The dominant species in the period of examinations
were Ceratium hirudinella, Closterium aciculare, Microcystys aeruginosa and Fragilaria
crotonensis. Trophic status of reservoir can be defined as unstable, because it varied from
mesotrophic to eutrophic, so certain reassures should be taken to protect the reservoir from
intensive eutrophication.

ĐURKOVIĆ, A. et al: Algologic Examinations and Trophic Status of Barje Reservoir
Table2. Floristical contents of algae in phytoplankton samples of Barje
Cyanophyta
Anabaena constricta Geitler
Anabaena Bory sp.
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs
Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.
Chrysophyta
Dinobryon divergens Imhof
Dinobryon stipitatum Ehrb.
Bacillariophyta
Amphora ovalis Kützing
Asterionella formosa Hassall
Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrb.) Simonsen
Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cl.
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrb.
Cocconeis placentula Ehrb.
Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing
Cyclotella radiosa Grunow
Cyclotella (Kütz) Breb. sp.
Cymatopleura elliptica Bréb.
Cymatopleura solea (Bréb.) W. Smith
Cymbella Ahardh sp.
Diatoma vulgare Bory
Fragilaria constuens (Ehrb.) Grunow
Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton
Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bert
Fragilaria ulna var. acus (Kütz.)
Lange-Bert.
Fragilaria dilatata (Breb.) Lange-Bert.
g/dm 3
25
20
15
10
5
0
14.8
3.43
2.13
12.96
7
9
Gomphonema olivaceum (Hornemann) Bréb.
Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kütz.) Rab.
Navicula cryptocephala Kützing
Navicula radiosa Kützing
Nitzschia sigmoidea (Ehrb.) Smith
Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrb) Müller
Rhoicosphaenia abbreviata (Kütz.) Rab.
Stephanodiscus Ehrb. sp.
Surirella minuta Bréb.
Surirella tenera Gregory
Pyrrhophyta
Ceratium hirundinella (O.F.M.) Bergh
Peridinium cinctum (O.F.M.) Ehrb.
Chlorophyta
Closterim Nitzsch sp.
Closterium acerosum (Ehrb.)
Closterium aciculare T. West
Coelastrum astroideum
Coelastrum microporum Näg.
Eudorina elegans Ehrb.
Pandorina morum Bory
Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Menegh
Pediastrum simplex var. simplex Meyen
Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lag.) Chod.
Scenedesmus sempervirens (Chod.)
Staurastrum chaetoceros (Schr.) G. M.
Smith
Staurastrum gracile Ralfs
Volvox globator (L.) Ehrb.
5.2
2.44 2.21
2.1
0.84
14.8
5.26
5
3.81
4.1 4.73
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3
Mesto uzorkovanja
Chlorophill-a 2002 Chlorophill- a 2003
Figure 1. Concentration values of chlorophyll-a of Barje reservoir in 2002 and 2003.
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