Text anzeigen (PDF) - bei DuEPublico - Universität Duisburg-Essen

2. Taxonomic part 16
(ascospores hyaline, muriform). Three years later, Müller Argoviensis (1890) added
Chroodiscus for foliicolous taxa.
This concept was recognized as artificial by many workers, but it was not until the end of
the 20 th century that attempts were made towards a more natural classification. First Salisbury
(1971, 1972a, 1972b 1978) proposed to abandon ascospore characters for the generic
delimitation. He suggested to merge all species into a single genus Thelotrema, with three
subgenera distinguished by the morphology of the ascoma margin, each divided into different
species groups characterized by further ascomata features: Thelotrema sect. Ascidium
(including the T. discolor-, T. cavatum- and T. discoideum-group) - carbonized with absent
lateral paraphyses; Thelotrema sect. Myriotrema (including the T. compunctum- and the T.
bahianum-group) – non-carbonized with absent lateral paraphyses; Thelotrema sect.
Thelotrema (including the T. lepadinum- and the T. platycarpum-group) - non-carbonized
with present lateral paraphyses. Subsequently, Hale (1980, 1981) implemented Salisbury’s
concept with minor modifications and introduced three major genera equivalent to Salisbury’s
subgenera: Myriotrema (=T. sect. Myriotrema), Ocellularia (=T. sect. Ascidium) and
Thelotrema (=T. sect. Thelotrema). Ever since, Hale’s classification was broadly accepted
(e.g., David & Hawksworth, 1995; Sipman, 1993, 1994; Matsumoto, 2000; Homchantara &
Coppins, 2002; Frisch, 2006) and is still in use, although it was also soon realized that the
distinction in three large genera was too coarse and did not mirror phylogenetic relationships.
However, some authors (Poelt & Vezda, 1981; Purvis & al., 1995) rejected Hale’s
classification and suggested to place all core genera in one large genus Thelotrema following
Salisbury’s proposal. On the other hand, numerous smaller homogeneous groups were divided
and introduced as separate genera in subsequent years: Ampliotrema (Kalb, 2004),
Chroodiscus (Kantvilas & Vezda, 2000; Lücking, 1992; Lücking & Kalb, 2000; Lumbsch &
Vezda, 1990), Ingvariella (Guderley & Lumbsch, 1996), Nadvornikia (Tibell, 1984),
Pseudoramonia (Kantvilas & Vezda, 2000), Reimnitzia (Kalb, 2001), Topeliopsis (Kantvilas
& Vezda, 2000; Kalb, 2001).
Recently, Frisch (2006) and Frisch & Kalb (2006) described five new genera
(Acanthotrema, Fibrillithecis, Gyrotrema, Melanotrema, Redingeria) and resurrected four
formerly described genera (Chapsa, Leptotrema, Leucodecton, Stegobolus). Meanwhile, other
genera formerly included were transferred to other families, e.g. Conotrema to Stictidaceae
(Eriksson & al., 2003), Gyrostomum to Graphidaceae (Staiger, 2002), Ramonia to
Gyalectaceae (Eriksson & al., 2003), Tremotylium (=Minksia) to Roccellaceae (Makhija &
Patwardhan, 1995). The systematic position of Phaeotrema is still uncertain, according to
Salisbury (1978) its type species Pyrenula subfarinosa is a non-lichenized fungus. In contrast
to the above mentioned three main genera, Diploschistes, an additional, species-rich genus
included in Thelotremataceae, forms a homogeneous species-group that is also well supported
by molecular data (Lumbsch & al., 2004a; Frisch & al., 2006). It was placed in its own family
(Diploschistaceae) by Zahlbruckner (1905), but has been placed in Thelotremataceae for a
long time (Gilenstam, 1969).
2. 2. Taxonomic studies and collections of trentepohlioid thelotremataceaen
Graphidaceae in Australia
Until recently all contributions to the knowledge of thelotrematoid lichens in Australia
were restricted to floristic studies. The majority of known species from this continent are
based on collections made by early naturalists in the late 19 th century. Amongst the most
important collectors of this time were F. M. Bailey (1827-1915), an appointed colonial
botanist and curator at the Queensland Museum (Brisbane); the New Zealand botanist and
passionate lichenologist C. Knight (1808-1891), who collected in New Zealand, but also in
Queensland and New South Wales; the educationist and scientist J. Shirley (1849-1922), who