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2. Taxonomic part 34
20a Cool-temperate species ........................................................................... Chapsa minor
20b (Sub)tropical species ................................................................................................. 21
21a Thallus ecorticate, surface dull and roughened ........................................................... 22
21b Thallus corticate, surface shiny to waxy and smooth .................................................. 24
22a Discs epruinose or indistinctly pruinose, ascospores not exceeding 13 µm, with 3-6 loci
.................................................................................................................. Chapsa halei
22b Discs distinctly pruinose, ascospores up to 25 µm, with 6-9 loci ................................ 23
23a Older ascomata becoming distinctly chroodiscoid, ascospores halonate, cell walls thin,
lacking secondary compounds ........................................................ Chapsa alborosella
23b Older ascomata rather indistinctly chroodiscoid, ascospores non-halonate, cell walls
moderately thick, containing the stictic acid chemosydrome ....... Chapsa phlyctidioides
24a Ascomata inconspicuous, up to 600 µm in diameter, disc rather indistinctly pruinose
and brownish, thallus margin epruinose, off-white to reddish-brown, ascospores not
exceeding 15 µm and with up to 5 loci .................................................... Chapsa lassae
24b Ascomata conspicuous, exceeding 600 µm in diameter, disc and inner thallus margin
±distinctly pruinose and bright, ascospores exceeding 15 µm and with more than 5 loci .
................................................................................................................................... 25
25a Hymenium up to 80 µm high, lateral paraphyses inconspicuous, ascospores up to 20(23)
µm long, with up to 7(8) loci, lacking secondary compounds............. Chapsa astroidea
25b Hymenium up to 70 µm high, lateral paraphyses conspicuous, ascospores up to 18 µm
long, with up to 6(8) loci, containing the stictic acid chemosyndrome .............................
........................................................................................... Chapsa megaphlyctidioides
26a Ascomata perithecioid to apothecioid, pores up to 100 µm, containing the stictic acid
chemosyndrome ...................................................................... Topeliopsis darlingtonii
26b Ascomata becoming chroodiscoid when mature, lacking secondary compounds ........ 27
27a Ascospores not exceeding 70 µm and with up to 24 loci, cell walls thin Chapsa pulchra
27b Ascospores up to 110 µm, with up to 35 loci, cell walls thick .................. Chapsa indica
28a Ascospores exceeding 90 µm and 20 loci .................................................................. 29
28b Ascospores up to 90(110) µm with up to 20(22) loci .................................................. 34
29a Proper exciple fused and usually not visible from the surface ..................................... 30
29b Proper exciple distinctly free and visible from the outside ......................................... 32
30a Thallus thick, distinctly corticate, thalline rim usually eroded in apical parts,
corticolous, tropical species................................. Topeliopsis pseudoexanthismocarpa
30b Thallus thin, covered by protocortex or indistinctly corticate, thalline rim entirely
eroded with age, predominantly muscicolous, sub-tropical to cool-temperate species . 31
31a Ascospores up to 130(150) µm with up to 32 loci, form bacillar, often distinctly bent,
loci angular and pinched also in mature stages .......................... Topeliopsis acutispora
31b Ascospores up to 100(110) µm with up to 24(25) loci, form fusiform and straight, loci
in mature stages roundish ................................................... Topeliopsis subdenticulata