Sponges of the New Caledonian lagoon - IRD

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194 Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon Dermal Strictly refers to any association with the pinacoderm: also used to refer to structures lying on or just below the ectosomal membrane or dermis (correct usage is "ectosomal"). Dermis The extreme outer surface layer of the sponge, may be simply membrane but may be reinforced by spicules, sand or both (correct term is 'ectosome'). Desmas Interlocking spicules forming a rigid skeleton. Diactinal Spicules with two diverging rays. representing growth in two directions. usually with bilateral symmetry: diacts may include monaxonic spicules (e.g. oxeas of demosponges). and tetraxonic derivatives (e.g. "oxea" of Calcarea; uncinate of Hexaetinellida). (cL monactinal). Diactine Two rays diverge from a central point. Dichotriaene A triaene in which the clads are bifurcat Digitate Finger-like. Dioecious With the cells of each sex occurring in different individuals (also known as gonochoristic). but in sponges it is usual for one individual to produce eggs at one time and sperm at another times (strictly successive or temporal hermaphroditism). (cL hermaphroditic). Diplodal A condition of the aquiferous system. where some sponges possess both prosodal and aphodal canals between choanocyte chambers (cL aphodaJ, eurypylous). Discorhabd A microxea with discs or whorls along the shaft. Dragma Bundle of microscleres. Echinating spicule A megasclere which protrudes from a fibre or spicule tract; characteristic of several families of Poecilosclerida (MicroCionidae. Crellidae. Myxillidae. Anchinoidae, Ilymedesmiidae, Raspailiidae). Ectosomal spicules Condition referring to localization of megascleres to the ectosomal skeleton (cf. subectosomal. choanosomal spicules)
Ectosome Peripheral region of the sponge lacking choanocyte chambers; the term strictly refers to the unicellular surface layer (pinacocytes), but it is also used to refer to the mineral skeleton found in the periphery; also known as cortex or dermis (cf. choanosome). Encrusting A sheet of sponge thinly coating the substrate. Endopinacoderm Pinacocytes lining internal canals. Endosome All except the ectosomal structures of a sponge (now correctly termed 'choanosomaI') Epitheca A thin wrinkled layer different in structure from the normal skeleton, covering the dead basal part of a rigid calcareous skeleton. Erect An upright growth strategy. Ethanol Preserving fluid or tissue fixative (alcohol). Euaster Aster with a central core and diverging rays. Eurypylous Condition of the aquiferous system in which there are wide mouthed sac-like choanocyte chambers without any aphodal canals present (ct. aphodal, diplodal conditions). Exhalant Part of the aquiferous system related to the expelling of water from the sponge, and includes all water vascular structures between the apopyles and the oscula; also known as excurrent system (cL inhalant). Exopinacocytes Layer of pinacocytes covering the free surface of the sponge (exopinacoderm). Exopinacoderm Pinacocytes lining external surface of sponge. Extra-axial Organic and/or inorganic skeleton arising from the centre (or axis) and ascending towards the periphery of the sponge (cL aXial) Extra-axial skeleton Skeleton elements surrounding or arising from an axial region. Fascicles Interwoven spongin fibres. 195 Glossary
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Claude Levi Ed itor Pierre Laboute,
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8 Cel ouurage est le resu/lat d'une
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This work is the result of a long s
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Author profiles Chris Battershill i
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Clive WiIkinson is Principal Resear
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18 Sponges of the New Caledonian La
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Sponges are fascinating. Each spong
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a What IS sponge .- Cll0anocytes in
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Sponge structure s ponge adults are
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., Matrix cyanobacleria (photo J. V
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whiCh are always present irrespecti
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How con you s identi fy sponge? o p
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Soft parts of the sponge (photo J.
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40 Sponges of the New Coledonian La
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Anchorate isochela (pl,oto P.R. Ber
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The role of sponges In carol reefs
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the production of much coral rubble
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food material of plant and animal o
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The fascinating world of sponge che
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It was originally assumed that spec
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Sponge diversity, distribution and
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predators. Nor do many have adequat
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where its life forms were capable o
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Actual proportions of endemic speci
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Order Astrophorida 84 I SteJlerro (
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104 Sponges of the New Caledonian L
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114 Sponges of the New Caledonian L
Page 185: Further reading Brien (P.), Levi (C
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Page 191 and 192: Glossary Acantho- Addition of spine
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Page 195: Clathrate Interwoven tubular constr
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Page 207 and 208: List of general illustrations provi
Page 209 and 210: 115 Mycale (Zygomycale) parishi (BO
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Sponges of the New Caledonian lagoon - IRD

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