Virtual Methods

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content analysis assessment of self-disclosure, 23 innovation, 200 web sites, 4, 71, 162, 180, 204 control, 61–62 conversation analysis, 82 conversion, 133 co-production, 94, 97, 105, 157, 165, 169 costs, 3, 21, 35 covert observation, 71 creative observation, 98 critical analysis, 201, 205, 206 cross-national methods, 11, 203, 206 cultural studies, 132 Culture, 125 data quality, 3–4, 17, 31, 33, 75, 77 database, 184–96 data-mining, 179 decoding, 132–3 default selection, 31 diary, 136, 139 diffusion of responsibility, 28 disciplinary boundaries, 7 disclosure interviews, 38, 40, 59 research design and, 18, 21, 23–8, 30, 33, 72 discourse analysis, 4, 164, 169 disembodiment, 55, 61, 84 disinhibition, 7 dissociation, 152 Dolly, 160 domestic settings, 11, 129, 132–5, 140 drop-down menu, 30–1 dynamic bounding, 161–3 e-commerce, 173 efficiency, 3 elections candidate web sites, 174 content analysis and, 200 web sphere, 111, 159, 160, 162, 203 electronic journals, 176 electronic whiteboard, 172 email, 18, 140 circulating database contents, 184 communication with informants, 12, 28, 29–30, 54–65, 73–6, 88 compared to face-to-face, 24, 76 interview, 18, 35–49, 73, 75, 76 list, 148, 149 newsgroup users and, 87 sex industry, 68, 69, 70 web site production and, 103–4 embodiment, 62 Index • 239 emoticons, 21, 40 encoding, 132–3 ephemerality, 166, 167 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Human Subjects Research in Cyberspace workshop, 5 ethics, 3, 5–6, 10, 74, 78 archiving web sites, 167, 168, 169 covert observation, 71–2, 149, 156n12 ethnography, 81, 88–90 identification of researcher, 55 mapping, 126 need for continued work, 206 ethnographer anxiety about omissions, 186–7 introduction to informants, 149 ethnography, 11, 19, 67, 94, 195, 202–3, 205 adaptive, 78, 192 database queries and, 190 domestic, 129–40, hostility from informants, 73 hyperlinks and,174 Internet and, 68, 71, 165 offline interaction and, 52, 77 online cultural contexts, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 81–92, 141, 147, 201 skills, 151–2 status of online informants in, 153 ethnomethodology, 81 everyday life, 131, 139, 150 experiment, 159, 202, 205 online, 5, 21, 30 psychology of CMC, 7, 8 face-saving, 21 face-to-face, 11, 17, 18, 19, 43 ethnography, 72, 76, 78, 79, 86 gold standard, 4, 9 interaction, 52 interview, 36–7, 51, 57–64, 67, 73–4, 86, 136–37 interpersonal problems, 75 length, 48 supplementing online, 52 preference for, 24 qualities of, 22, 23 trust, 87–8, 89 FAQ, 83, 99, 101, 103 feature analysis, 165, 169 feminist methods, 10 field creation, 98 field site, defining, 11 Internet as, 68, 77–8, 109, 183, 192 laboratory as, 184, 185, 195 search engines and, 187, 190
240 • Index social network, 85 flaming, 83, 100 fMRIDC, 184–96 focus group, 5, 32, 58, 159, 165 foot in the door, 28 formality, 43, 57 gatekeeper ethnographic access and, 136 researcher as, 98, gender, 68, 133 geographic information systems (GIS), 114, 115, 121 geographic Internet mapping, 120–3 geovisualization, 114 gift economy, 68 Gods, 142, 149, 151, 155n4 Google, 97, 177, 187, 196n5 habitus, 138 hard to access groups, 36–7, 67, 73 health, 24, 25, 36, 37, 54 hierarchy, 22 holism, 134 home, 110 home computer (or PC), 114, 133, 138, 139 Human Memory, 187, 196n2 hyperlink analysis, 12, 111, 165, 172, 173, 190 automatically generated, 190 compared to citations, 177 context, 188 field site boundaries, 103, 188, 192, 194 frames, 194 indicators of database connectivity, 188, 191 meaning, 97, 99–100, 165, 180 networks, 174, 175, 179 related sites not joined by, 187 science communication, 176–7, 178 search engines and, 186, 189, 196n5 specificity, 188, 191, 193 symbolic dimension, 192 temporality, 189, 193 traces of online interactions, 11, 183, 185 within web site, 178 hyperpersonal communication, 23, 24 ICQ, 148, 152 idealization, 22 identity, 72, 90, 91, 129, 130, 146 illicit social activities, 67, 77 immersion, 92 impression management, 29, 32, 33 incentive, 56 incorporation, 133 incorporationism, 98, 99 information searching, 138 informed consent, 39, 72, 78, 89 infrastructure, 111, 184–5, 191, 194 inlinking, inlinks, 164, 168, 186, 191, 193, 196n5 Institutional Research Boards, 26 institutionality, 98, 99 intelligent agent, 19, 84, 94, 101–3, 105, 106n4 interactionism, 81, 153 intercoder reliability, 204 Internet play technology, 68 tool, 25, 68, 70, 78, 79 Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 58, 85, 87, 148, 152, 172 interpretative approaches, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206 interpretive flexibility, 9 intersubjectivity, 76 interview communication medium, 3, 4, 10, 11, 23 impression management, 32 integration with other data, 200, 206 recruitment, 57–8, 71, 86 social encounter, 33 telephone, 25 termination, 44 web and hyperlink analysis, 159, 165, 180, 185, 192 see also face-to-face and email intimacy, CMC and 17, 26, 69, 77, fieldwork, 46, 48, 152 telephone and, 22 Kacike, 96, 105 Kula ring, 192 legitimacy of researcher, 72–5, 76, 78, 87–8 Lewinsky, Monica, 162 lifeworld of interviewees, 41, 57 linkage, 98, 99 listserv, 89, 103, 140 live chat, 70 longitudinal methods, 11, 202, 206 lurkers, 58, 71, 87, 91 mail, 37 map as process, 115 MapInfo, 115 mapping, 110, 113–27 MapQuest.com, 114 mass media, 137, 138 message board, 70, 74 metadata, 159
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Virtual Methods
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Virtual Methods Issues in Social Re
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Contents List of Figures vii Notes
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Figures 1.1 References in http://we
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Notes on Contributors Anne Beaulieu
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Notes on Contributors • xi Adam N
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Notes on Contributors • xiii Data
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-1- Virtual Methods and the Sociolo
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Virtual Methods • 3 obscuring the
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Virtual Methods • 5 bid for appli
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Virtual Methods • 7 our disciplin
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Virtual Methods • 9 to rest on me
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Given the emphasis on reflexivity t
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Virtual Methods • 13 Open Theme,
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Part I Research Relationships and O
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Research Relationships and Online R
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Research and Online Relationships
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-2- Internet Behaviour and the Desi
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Internet Behaviour and Virtual Meth
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Your annual salary Internet Behavio
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do not sit easily with a researcher
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-3- Online Interviewing and the Res
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Online Interviewing • 37 informat
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The informed consent form was gener
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days at work, a baby ill the previo
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communication between the interests
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Online Interviewing • 45 your ans
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Online Interviewing • 47 Caroline
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the maintenance of rapport over tim
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-4- From Online to Offline and Back
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From Online to Offline and Back •
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closer, I continued writing with a
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-5- Researching the Online Sex Work
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Researching the Online Sex Work Com
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place of the Internet in my ethnogr
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high quality and accurate data. Bef
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associated with the intimacies of e
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-6- Ethnographic Presence in a Nebu
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Ethnographic Presence in a Nebulous
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newsgroup stood in a different temp
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Conclusion Ethnographic Presence in
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-7- Centring the Links: Understandi
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Centring the Links • 95 The curre
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Centring the Links • 97 specializ
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Centring the Links • 99 together
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Centring the Links • 101 the numb
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that users converse with the robot
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articles) and teaching resources (f
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Part II Research Sites and Strategi
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Research Sites and Strategies: Intr
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esponse to offline events, such as
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-8- The Role of Maps in Virtual Res
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The Role of Maps in Virtual Researc
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-9- New Connections, Familiar Setti
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New Connections, Familiar Settings
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-10- Doing Anthropology in Cyberspa
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Figure 10.1 The Palace Platform. Fi
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Doing Anthropology in Cyberspace
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different places (servers) and diff
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Notes Doing Anthropology in Cybersp
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-11- Web Sphere Analysis: An Approa
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Web Sphere Analysis • 159 sphere
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Web Sphere Analysis • 161 natural
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Web Sphere Analysis • 163 choose
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Web Sphere Analysis • 165 The sec
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Web Sphere Analysis • 167 it need
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Conclusion Web Sphere Analysis •
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-12- The Network Approach to Web Hy
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Network Approach to Web Hyperlink R
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Conclusion The marriage of arguably
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-13- Sociable Hyperlinks: an Ethnog
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the hypotheses guiding this work, w
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Sociable Hyperlinks • 187 interes
Page 204 and 205: Timescapes of Hyperlinks The creati
Page 206 and 207: Sociable Hyperlinks • 191 linking
Page 208 and 209: Sociable Hyperlinks • 193 symboli
Page 210 and 211: Conclusion If connectivity is to be
Page 212 and 213: Sociable Hyperlinks • 197 structu
Page 214 and 215: -14- Epilogue: Methodological Conce
Page 216 and 217: Epilogue • 201 the late 1980s. As
Page 218 and 219: In a sense, these observations are
Page 220 and 221: The third issue, integration of qua
Page 222 and 223: other online forms of survey resear
Page 224 and 225: References Adamic, L. A. (1999),
Page 226 and 227: References • 211 —— (1995b),
Page 228 and 229: References • 213 http://users.wmi
Page 230 and 231: References • 215 Denzin, N. K. (e
Page 232 and 233: References • 217 Networks: The Fo
Page 234 and 235: References • 219 Grossberg, L. (1
Page 236 and 237: References • 221 Media Use among
Page 238 and 239: References • 223 Kaplan, C., Korf
Page 240 and 241: References • 225 McClintock, A. (
Page 242 and 243: References • 227 Morley, D. (1980
Page 244 and 245: References • 229 Paulhus, D. L. (
Page 246 and 247: References • 231 The Web after Se
Page 248 and 249: References • 233 Networked Organi
Page 250 and 251: References • 235 Cambridge, MA: M
Page 252 and 253: References • 237 Yook, S-H., Jeon
Page 256 and 257: mobile telephone number, 73 MOO, 85
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