English - McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program

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McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crops Research Project No: 06-741 Output 1.2: Capacity of cowpea farmers, especially women enhanced In Tanzania farmer groups have expanded from 6 to 8 and emphasis of the training was on the new farmer groups. Similarly two farmer groups were added in Malawi. The training given to the new farmer groups was on group formation, leadership and writing a group constitution. Training was also conducted on seed production using demonstration plots. Participatory Video shooting was one of the new activities introduced to farmers this season starting in Tanzania. Two farmer groups from Kikombo village (12farmers) in Dodoma and Mangalali village (14 farmers) in Iringa region participated in the participatory video shooting training course. , The outcome has shown to be very effective in empowering farmers to document activities they are undertaking in the project. Their participation at CoP3 in Bagamoyo Tanzania was very evident and has created a motivation for them to undertake more of these documentation of project activities. Output 1.3: Cowpea lines resistant to A vogelii identified Assembling of cowpea germplasm: The collection of cowpea germplasm was conducted in year one, where cowpea accessions were obtained from IITA, Bihawana farmers Training Centre, National Pant Genetic Resource Centre and Ilonga Agricultural Research Station. These were evaluated for adaptability and Alectra resistance starting in the same year one. In Malawi the germplasm used came from IITA and from their national collection and Chitedzi Research Institute. On-station screening of cowpea cultivars for Alectra resistance In Tanzania, this activity started in 2007 growing season and the promising lines were tested to more Alectra infested sites. This year the trials were planted at three on-station locations which included Ismani, Bihawana Training Centre and Hombolo research station. Cowpea lines planted were those from last season showing promising Alectra resistance and farmers had already selected some of them as the best lines. These lines included IT99K-21-7-2-2-1, IT99K-573-1, IT97K-818-35, IT89KD-288, TZA 263, IT97K-819-118, IT97K-499-8, IT97K-499-38, IT00K-1207 and B301. VULI-2 and FAHARI were included as local checks. The materials were planted at a plot size of 3m x 4m, 4 rows per plot and replicated four times. Data recorded included; plant stand count at harvest, Alectra count per plot and yield per plot (kg/plot). Yield data was computed to yield in kg per ha. Generally weather condition was not very good for the crop, because rains started late and were erratic. Dodoma suffered the most for all the crops and this affected the crop establishment and Alectra infestation. From the test cowpea materials, only cowpea line IT97K-499-38 and B301 supported zero Alectra counts at three locations. (Table1). Other lines supported low Alectra plants as compared to the susceptible checks (Vuli-2 and Fahari) or TZA 263, and IT99K-573-2-1.The susceptible varieties (released commercial varieties) are being improved by incorporating resistance to Alectra by backcross method. At present the work is at backcross three progressing into backcross four, this will be followed by selfing then screening for resistance to Alectra. Table 1: Average infestation of cowpea entries with Alectra vogelii (Alectra count/3x4m) at three locations at 12 weeks after planting 2009: Cowpea Entries Ismani Bihawana Hombolo Mean Comments FC Alectra count/sites IT99K-7-21-2-2 0.0 3.8 0.0 1.3 Late emergence of Alectra IT99K-573-2-1 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.6 Late emergence of Alectra IT97K-499-8 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 IT97K-818-35 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.3 6 2009
McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crops Research Project No: 06-741 IT97K-819-118 0.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 IT97K-499-38 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 IT89KD-288 0.0 26.3 0.0 8.8 IT00K-1207 0.8 1.8 0.0 0.9 IT96D-733 0.0 42.0 0.0 14.0 B301 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TZA 263 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 Farmers selected for large grain Vuli 2 3.0 48.3 0.3 17.2 Commercial released varieties Fahari 7.5 34.3 1.0 14.3 Commercial released varieties Mean 0.87 12.73 0.15 7.58 SE 0.41 2.98 - Range: 0-16 0-74 0-3 In Malawi five of entries selected for further testing based on Alectra resistance, farmer preferences on grain characteristics and according to evaluations conducted in the last two years were planted at Chitedze and Bunda College. The trial’ design was complete block design, with 4 replicates. The trial plots had 5 rows, 4 m long and 0.75 m apart. Other traits evaluated included: grain yields and yield components (e.g. seed per pod,), days to flowering and maturity and disease incidences. Screening for Alectra resistance, entries IT 97K-825-15; IT99K-7-21-2-2-1 and IT 99K-494-6 recorded least number of Alectra counts (Table 2). Entries IT99K-494-6 (1369kg/ha), IT82E-16 (1786kg/ha) and Sudan 1(1827kg/ha) recorded high yield and the same entries showed larger number of seeds per pod than other entries Table 2: Alectra counts m -2 taken after flowering at all the trial sites in Malawi Entrycode & name Bunda Lisasadzi Ngwangwa Mpokwa Rivirivi Chitedze Mean IT98K-503-1 1.35 0.50 3.33 0.6 0.0 0.05 0.97 IT97K-825-15 0.08 0.70 0.60 0.03 0.08 0.25 0.29 T99K-7-21-2-2-1 0.25 1.38 1.46 0.11 0.0 0.17 0.56 IT99K-494-6 0.00 0.60 1.02 0.04 0.03 0.0 0.28 Sudan-1 5.82 3.56 4.03 0.86 0.0 0.58 2.48 IT82E-16 6.25 6.70 2.86 0.96 0.14 0.0 2.82 Farmers’ local 2.80 1.14 3.29 - 0.03 0.11 1.23 Mean 2.36 2.08 2.43 0.44 0.04 0.17 1.25 P
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English - McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program

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