English - McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program

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McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crops Research Project No: 06-741 The plots planted were 4m by 4m and the yields and Alectra counts were collected from the whole plot. With assistance from Village Extension Officers farmers were able to collect data and evaluate the materials based on their own set criterion. As discussed earlier, rainfall distribution was a major problem. It started late and erratic; hence there was very poor crop establishment especially in Iringa and Dodoma region. Singida received well distributed rainfall but there was a serious outbreak of cut worms on legumes in that region. The Alectra infestation was only reported on commercially released varieties and local cultivars, the other lines were observed free from the parasitic weed. The average highest cowpea yield was recorded from Singida region followed by Iringa and last Dodoma as presented in Table 3. Table 3: The yield (kg/ha) performance of the 5 cowpea lines tested at five Villages, in Tanzania 2009 Cowpea line Farmer group managed to harvest from their plots of cowpea Mkungugu Iringa Kikombo Dodoma Msungua Singida IT99K-7-21-2-2-1 600 222 600 IT99K 573-2-1 720 440 600 IT97K 818-35 200 389 800 IT89KD 288 400 333 200 TZA 263 280 167 1200 VULI-2 560 - 600 FAHARI 800 - 760 Village Local- 200 - 530 Mean 470.0 310.2 661.3 On-farm evaluation of cow pea lines (responses from farmers) Results of the on farm evaluation of selected cultivars was conducted in five participating villages; Msungua and IKhanoda (Singida region), Kikombo (Dodoma region), Mkungugu and Mangalali (Iringa region) based on the criterion they identified during the 2008 growing season i.e. resistance to Alectra, diseases/insects/pests, high yielding, large white to cream coloured seed, early maturity, production of many and tender leaves, drought resistance. These criteria were matched with five lines presented in Table 4. Table 4: Five best lines selected in 2008 evaluation session Lines Line description based on 2008 selection IT 99K 7-21-2-2 average seed size, early maturity, resistant to Alectra, high yielding, white coloured seed, IT 99K 573-1-1 Slightly late maturing, resistant to Alectra, average seed size, good seed colour, high yielding 1T 97K 818-35 Late maturity, resistant to Alectra 1T 89KD 288 Late maturity, high yielding, resistant to Alectra, normal seed colour, TZA 263 Late maturity, resistant to Alectra, good colour, large seeded Results indicated that line TZA263, followed by IT 99 K-7-21-2-2-1 and IT 99K-573-1-1 suited farmers’ social, economic and cultural interest. Based on these findings, lines TZA 263, IT 99K-7-21-2- 2-1 and IT 99K-573-1-1 are to be increased for distribution to many farmers for further evaluation in 2010 season. Initial process to establish descriptors for these lines for possible inclusion in the National Performance Trials (NPT) towards variety releases will be initiated. On farm evaluation in Malawi was conducted in Riviri, Bunda College, Mngwangwa, Mpokwa Khuvinda village, Mpokwa Chibisa village, and Lisasadzi. Seven entries involving four lines IT98K- 8 2009
McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crops Research Project No: 06-741 503-1, IT97K-825-15, IT99K-7-21-2-2-1, IT99K-494-6, and two released varieties Sudan -1, IT82E-16 and one farmers’ local cultivar were evaluated against five main criteria, which are; seed size, plant type, early maturity, insect resistance and disease resistance. Note that varieties Sudan -1 and IT82E-16 were included for counterchecking with introduced lines. Preliminary description of the lines is presented in Table 5. Table 5: Brief descriptions of the entries under evaluations in 2008/09 season, Malawi. Code Name Description 5 IT98K-503-1 Has good yield on overall, medium seed size, very good Alectra vogelii resistance 37 IT97K-825-15 Good Alectra resistance, fair yield, medium seed size, low farmer preference 9 IT99K-7-21-2-2- Best Alectra resistance in ’07, ‘07/08, good seed size, medium seed size, 1 good yield 21 IT99K-494-6 Medium yield, good Alectra resistance in ‘06/07, ‘07/08, medium seed size, low farmer preference 53 Sudan -1 Released variety, good resistance to Alectra and good yielder in ‘07/08 52 IT82E-16 This is a released variety. Yielded second best across sites in 07/08. Poor resistance to A. vogelii. Well liked by farmers. 54 Farmers’ local Collected from around trial sites, usually bushy and long maturing. Results of analysis show preference on the following order. Sudan 1 is most preferred followed by IT82E-16, IT99K-7-21-2-2-1, IT98K-503-1 and IT99K-494-6. Lines IT97K-825-15 followed by farmers’ local are less preferred as indicated above. Since Sudan 1 and IT82E-16 are already released, varieties IT99K-7-21-2-2-1, IT98K-503-1 and IT99K-494-6 may be considered for further genetic perfection on-station with a possibility of releasing them commercially starting with line IT99K-7-21-2- 2-1. Geographic variability in host response to A. vogelii Studies undertaken in pot experiment at Long Ashton UK indicate that at a species level there are 3 strains of Alectra by host range: 1. Alectra from Singida attaches and emerges on cowpea and groundnut but not on mung or common bean. 2. Alectra from Bihawana and probably Ismani attaches and emerges on cowpea, groundnut, common bean but not on mung bean 3. Alectra from Malawi sites attaches and emerges on cowpea, groundnut, common bean and mung bean. Within cowpea, patterns of virulence were also observed to be evident: Alectra from all sites in both countries emerges on IT36E-16 and TZA 263 but not on B301. 1. Alectra from Bunda and Kasungu emerges on ITK1207, IT97K 818-35, IT97K819-118 and IT 99K7-21-2-2-1 2. Alectra from Zomba emerges on ITK1207, IT97K 818-35, IT97K819-118 but not on IT 99K7-21- 2-2-1 (this result for IT 99K7-21-2-2-1 same as in 2008 pot trial). 3. Alectra from Singida and Ismani does not emerge on ITK1207, IT97K 818-35, IT97K819-118 and IT 99K7-21-2-2-1 (result for Singida same as in 2008 trial) 4. Alectra from Bihawana emerges on IT 99K7-21-2-2-1 but not on ITK1207, IT97K 818-35 and IT97K819-118. In Tanzania it appears that Alectra from Singida has a narrower species host range and less virulent on the cowpea lines tested than Alectra from other sites. Bihawana Alectra provides a "universal" test for 9 2009
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English - McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program

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