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49- Monte Guilarte State Forest, Adjuntas-Guayanilla-Peñuelas-Yauco, Puerto Rico Area Description: With elevations ranging from 760 m to 1205 m, Monte Guilarte State Forest (MGSF) is located between the municipalities of Adjuntas, Guayanilla, Peñuelas and Yauco, and it is divided in six segments. The whole area comprehends 1, 873.3 ha (4,766 cuerdas). From the year 2000 to 2004, the DNER has acquired 442.7 ha (1,126.27 cuerdas) to extend the forest, and still plan to expand the forest, buying in the near future new lands (Rubén Padrón pers. comm.). The forest lays in the lower montane wet and subtropical wet forest (Ewel and Whitmore 1973). Four vegetation associations are recognized: Sierra palm (upper slopes), Dwarf forest-type vegetation (high peaks), Eucalyptus and other plantations in the lower slopes and valleys (Moreno 1980). MGSF is between 762 to 1,204 m at sea level. The importance of the forest lies in the presence of basins: The entire area is a watershed: twelve rivers travel in the forest (Padrón Vélez 2001). The four major rivers are: Río Grande de Arecibo, Río Grande de Añasco, Río Guayanilla and Río Grande (Silander et al. 1986). These rivers gave energy to the hydroelectric of the municipalities of Peñuelas and Yauco, nourishing with fresh water the municipalities nearby (Rubén Padrón pers. comm.). The major attraction of the forest lies in the presence of the two trails available: Silla Calderón trail and Monte Guaraguao trail (Monte Guilarte trail), in which visitors can admire the canopy of the forest (Rubén Padrón, pers. comm.). There are also rustic facilities to stay overnight that include cabins with beds, bathrooms and barbecue areas. The list of trees in the MGSF is of 227 species (Padrón 2001). These species are divided in two zones: Sierra Palm Forest Prestoea montana among with Caimitillo Micropholis spp. and the Tabaiba Sapium laurocerasum. An evergreen forest with low trees with small leaves characterizes the highest peaks, such as Tabebuia scumanniana and Ocotea spatulata. In the whole forest visitors can admire also plantations of Eucalyptus tree and Capá prieto (Vidal and Padrón 2001). Among the endemic tree species reported are: Helecho gigante de Sierra Cyathea bryophila, Helecho C. dryopteroide, Helecho gigante espinoso C. portoricensis, Royal palm Roystonea borinquena, Areca palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Manaca palm Calyptronoma causiarum, Puerto Rican hat palm Sabal causiarum, Fragant higuillo Piper blattarum, Ortegón Coccoloba swartzii, Uvera C. pyrifoli, Moralón C. rugosa, Jaguilla Magnolia portoricensis, Nemocá Ocotea moshata, Tetas de burra Hirtella rugosa, Almendrillo Byrsonimia wadsworthii, Cedro macho Hyeronima clusoides, Acebo Ilex sintenisis, Palo de Ramón Banara vanderbiltii, Majagua brava Daphnopsis philippiana, Ceboruquillo Thounia striata, Maga Montezuma speciosissima, Guayabota Eugenia stahlii, Guasabara E. eggersii, Copiosa E. stwardsonii (Padrón 2001). Special Recognition: The area was established as a Forest in 1935 (Silander et al. 1986). In 2004, BirdLife International and SOPI recognized MGSF as an Important Bird Area. For the first time MGSF is recognize as a CWA of primary importance. Wildlife: Birds Sixty one bird species have been reported in the MGSF: the vulnerable Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus (nesting), Red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis, Scaly-naped pigeon 190
Patagioenas squamosa, Mangrove cuckoo Coccyzus minor, Green mango Anthracothorax viridis, Puerto Rican Emerald Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Tody Todus mexicanus, Puerto Rican Woodpecker Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican Flycatcher Myiarchus antillarum, Gray kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis, Loggerhead kingbird T. caudifasciatus, Puerto Rican Vireo Vireo latimeri, Black-whiskered vireo V. altiloquus, Red-legged thrush Turdus plumbeus, Pearly-eyed thrasher Margarops fuscatus, Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica caerulescens, Black-throated green warbler D. virens, Bananaquit Coereba flaveola, Puerto Rican Spindalis Spindalis portoricensis, Antillean Euphonia Euphonia musica, Blackfaced grassquit Tiaris bicolor, Puerto Rican Bullfinch Loxigilla portoricensis, Greater Antillean Oriole Icterus dominicensis, Puerto Rican Lizard cuckoo Saurothera vieilloti, Puerto Rican Screech owl Megascops nudipes (Moreno, 1980; SOPI 2004). Turkey vulture Cathartes aura, American kestrel Falco sparverius, White-crowned heron Patagioenas leucocephala, Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita, White-winged dove Zenaida asiatica, Common ground dove Columbina passerina, Ruddy quail-dove Geotrygon montana, Key west quail-dove Geotrygon chrysia, Short-eared owl Asio flammeus, Belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon, Puerto Rican Pewee Contopus portoricensis, Cave swallow Petrochelidon fulva, Caribbean Martin Progne dominicensis, Black and white warbler Mniotilta varia, Northern parula Parula americana, Elfin wood warbler Dendroica angelae, Cape may warbler D. tigrina, Northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis, Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla, Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla, American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla, Puerto Rican tanager Nesospingus speculiferus, Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis, Green heron Butorides virescens, Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos, Shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis, Adelaide’s warbler Dendroica adelaidae, Blackpoll warbler D. striata, Black-throated green warbler D. virens, Snowy egret Egretta thula, Great egret Ardea alba, Yellow-faced grassquit Tiaris olivacea, Greater Antillean Grackle Quiscalus niger, Orange cheeked waxbill Estrilda melpoda (Rubén Padrón Data 2002-2005). Reptiles Puerto Rican pygmy anole Anolis occultus, Upland grass anole A. krugii, Yellow bearded anole A. gundlachi, Emerald anole A. evermanni, Puerto Rican giant anole Anolis cuvieri, Puerto Rican galliwasp Diploglossus pleei, Puerto Rican boa Epicrates inornatus (DRNA 1998). Amphibians Mottled coqui Eleutherodactylus eneidae, Common coqui E. coqui, Grass coqui E. brittoni, Puerto Rican coqui E. portoricensis (DRNA 1998). Mammals Red fruit bat Stenoderma rufum (DRNA, 1998). Puerto Rican longed-tongued bat Monophyllus redmani portoricensis, Insular long-tongued bat M. plethodon frater, Jamaican fruit-eating bat Artibeus jamaicensis, Antillean fruit-eating bat Brachyphylla cavernarum (Moreno, 1980). Critical plants: Woodbury et al. (1975) listed 31 rare or endangered plant species: 17 trees; 7 shrubs, 4 herbs; and 3 epiphytes. Three plant species are classified as critical elements: West Indian walnut Juglans jamaicensis, Palo de Ramón Banara vanderbiltii, Nephelea portoricensis (DRNA 1998). 191
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Puerto Rico Critical Wildlife Areas
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19) Larga Beach and Zoní Lagoon, C
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67) Monito Island ……………
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Dedicatory We honor to dedicate thi
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Introduction After twenty years fro
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Department of Natural and Environme
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collaris, American Wigeon A. americ
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Villanueva, E., L. J. Rivera-Herrer
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Birds in the Fort Buchanan Pond The
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designated a Natural Reserve in 197
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in the waters that enter through th
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4- Barrio Borinquen, Trujillo Alto
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5- Baja Swamp and Herrera River Mou
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6- Ensenada Comezón and Espíritu
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Echinodermata: Sea Urchin Eucidaris
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7- Río Mar, Street # 968, Río Gra
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Puerto Rican Lizard cuckoo Saurothe
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9- San Miguel, Las Paulinas and El
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From the 18 km. of monitored areas,
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10- Laguna Grande, Laguna Aguas Pri
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11- Fajardo Coastline, Fajardo, Pue
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Virgin Islands boa Epicrates monens
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13- Flamenco Peninsula, Culebra Isl
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Threats: The development of recreat
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16- Resaca Mountain, Culebra, Puert
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Hall, K. V. and A. D. Tucker. 1985.
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References: Aponte Pagán, M. 1981.
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The mangroves of Puerto Del Manglar
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23- Cementerio Bay, Culebra, Puerto
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Slippery-backed mabuya Mabuya mabou
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Mammals The seagrass beds in the we
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Birds at Playa Grande Lagoon Forty
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26- Ensenada Honda Mangrove, Vieque
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27- Yanuel Lagoon, Vieques Island S
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28- Chiva Swamp, Vieques Island Sou
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References Raffaele, H. A. 1972. Se
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30- Ferro Bay, Mosquito Bay, and So
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Seliger, H. 2001. Bioluminescence i
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105
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Conservation Recommendations: Becau
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109
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squatarola, Whimbrel Numenius phaeo
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113
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33- Ceiba State Forest, Fajardo, Ce
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117
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34- Humacao Natural Reserve, Humaca
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Crustaceans Callinectes marginatus,
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123
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35- Pandura Mountain Range, Yabucoa
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Valenciano Project Area, Juncos, Pu
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129
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Conservation Recommendations: The m
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Birds Forty eight bird species have
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137
Page 147 and 148: 38- Cerro El Gato and Associated Ar
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Page 151 and 152: 39- Cidra Lake, Cidra, Puerto Rico
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Page 155 and 156: 40- Aguirre State Forest, Punta Poz
Page 157 and 158: crowned pigeon Patagioenas leucocep
Page 159 and 160: Tarpon snook Centropomus pectinatus
Page 161 and 162: Coastal Resource Management. 1983.
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Page 165 and 166: D. petechia, Northern Waterthrush S
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Page 169 and 170: Northern parula Parula americana, B
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Page 173 and 174: noveboracensis, Royal tern Sterna m
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Page 177 and 178: Threats: There is a high pressure f
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Page 181 and 182: Birds in Berbería Cay Thirteen bir
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Page 185 and 186: 46- Serrallés Lagoons Complex, Jua
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Page 189 and 190: 47- Toro Negro State Forest, Ciales
Page 191 and 192: Conservation Recommendations: Manag
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Page 195 and 196: semipalmatus, Short-billed dowitche
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Page 203 and 204: 50- Punta Verraco, Cerro Toro and P
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Page 207 and 208: 51- Guayanilla Hills, Guayanilla, P
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Page 211 and 212: 52- Guánica Lagoon, Guánica-Lajas
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Page 215 and 216: Guánica Lagoon Map obtained from M
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Page 219 and 220: Cave swallow Petrochelidon fulva, C
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Page 223 and 224: 54- San Jacinto Salt Flats and Tama
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Page 227 and 228: 55- Susúa State Forest and Adjacen
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Page 231 and 232: 56- La Parguera Natural Reserve, La
Page 233 and 234: associated with tourism is destroyi
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Page 239 and 240: ecause of its historic importance f
Page 241 and 242: In 1995, the USFWS initiated a chal
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Page 247 and 248: Fish A study of fish abundance real
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59- Boquerón Wildlife Refuge, Cabo
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Antillean Grackle Quiscalus niger,
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60- Cabo Rojo Salt Flats and Adjace
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Conservation Recommendations: Buffe
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Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleu
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62- Joyuda Lagoon Natural Reserve,
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to the system. Other recommendation
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad
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sandpiper C. pusilla, Royal tern St
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SOPI. 2003. Avistamientos en la Ca
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Ownership/Protection: The Maricao S
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_____ and _____. 1990. Lista prelim
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Advisory Council on Historic Preser
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controlling the population. Surroun
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_____. 1973. Pelagic life zone arou
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285
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67- Monito Island, Puerto Rico Area
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Morales, D. 1985. Documento de Desi
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In addition to protecting water qua
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Conservation Recommendations: The C
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Scaly-naped pigeon Patagioenas squa
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Meier, A. J.; R.E. Noble, and H.A.
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71- Barrio Coto, Isabela Area Descr
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72- Guajataca Cliffs, Isabela-Quebr
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Wildlife: Birds Fifty seven bird sp
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74- Guajataca Lake, Isabela-San Seb
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75- Barrio Cocos and Bellaca Creek,
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Santiago Valentín, E. 1995. Reprod
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Amphibians White-lipped frog Leptod
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Wildlife: With one hundred and nine
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springs to manage salinity levels w
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Prairie warbler D. discolor, Ovenbi
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Amphibians Antillean coqui Eleuther
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80- Hacienda La Esperanza Natural R
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Threats: Some areas are susceptible
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Wildlife: Birds at Tortuguero Lagoo
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Grana Raffuci, F. A. 2000. Letter t
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tanager Spindalis portoricensis, Ye
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83- Vega State Forest, Vega Baja-Ve
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84- Lakes and Forests of Dorado, Do
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85- Mogotes Río Lajas and Nevárez
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References: None available 377
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87- San Pedro Swamp, Toa Baja Area
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_____.2004. NPL Listing History. EP
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