SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE ...
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE ...
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE ...
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viii Introduction<br />
From the end of World War II until the mid-1970s, a variety of synthetic fluids were developed<br />
to meet the ever-increasing demands of the newer and more efficient high-performance<br />
engines and machines being developed. The use of synthetics, however, was limited to applications<br />
in which the required performance characteristics could not be met by petroleum-based<br />
products.<br />
The oil embargo of 1974, and the subsequent escalation of petroleum prices, brought about<br />
a new and urgent need for the conservation of oil reserves and the development of alternative raw<br />
materials. By early 1987, the pressures on the world petroleum supply had abated, but the lessons<br />
of the late 1970s had not been forgotten. The increased emphasis on cost-effectiveness had a<br />
twofold effect on the growth of synthetics. First, the fluids themselves were found to offer advantages<br />
of longer drain intervals, less downtime, and greater fuel efficiency. Second, a new generation<br />
of engines was being developed that required fluid performance characteristics that were<br />
becoming increasingly difficult to achieve with mineral oil-based products.<br />
Finally, in the 1990s there is a new urgency to the concept of environmental responsibility.<br />
This development has led to an increased need for functional fluids that are both biodegradable<br />
and low in toxicity.<br />
As the new millennium begins, we ponder the role of synthetic fluids in the years,<br />
decades, and even millennia to come. Looking back, we recall that as recently as 1859, lubrication<br />
functions were performed by natural oils and fats. Starting soon after the drilling of the<br />
first oil well that year, mineral oils began to displace natural oils and fats. By the 1970s, mineral<br />
oils had essentially displaced natural oils and fats, but synthetics were starting to come<br />
into use. At the end of the 1990s, synthetics still account for only a low percentage of the total,<br />
but their use is certainly on the rise. The idea that synthetic lubricants could ever totally displace<br />
mineral oils seems far-fetched, but estimates of worldwide crude oil reserves indicate<br />
that we may run out of crude oil sometime in the next century. Will synthetic oils displace<br />
mineral oils, or will alternative technologies displace both? Only time will tell. In the interim,<br />
however, synthetic oils have proven their value and promise to make their impact on the third<br />
millennium.<br />
Copyright © 1999 Marcel Dekker, Inc.<br />
Ronald L. Shubkin