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THE CLOUD FOREST OF DHOFAR 1 PEOPLE, PLANTS AND PLACE A JOURNEY OF EXPLORATION ON THE EDGE OF THE WORLD 40 LANDSCAPES PAYSAGES ANDREW BURTON ANDERSON “Wasn’t it gracious of the trees to teach you that song?” | « Les arbres ne sont-ils pas gracieux de vous avoir enseigné cette chanson? » …WADE DAVIS, ONE RIVER FR_ UNE AVENTURE D’EXPLORATION AU BOUT DU MONDE C’est en partie l’attrait de l’arbre à encens qui a conduit Andrew Anderson Burton à la forêt de nuages du Dhofar, mais son objectif était clair : mener des recherches sur les liens entre l’utilisation des plantes indigènes et la conservation des paysages pour sa maîtrise en gestion du patrimoine mondial. La forêt de nuages, un fragile croissant de verdu re maintenant inclus comme parmi les 35 centres névralgiques de la biodiversité mondiale, abrite la population autochtone Jibbali. L’auteur s’est penché sur les connaissances écologiques traditionnelles des Jibbali qui peuvent inspirer une approche durable de la conservation dans ce paysage des plus magnifi ques et des plus complexes.
EN_ THE STORY OF DHOFAR and its globally unique escarpment cloud forest – a tiny, lush and fragile ecosystem seemingly clinging to the edge of the Arabian Peninsula in southern Oman – has been the proverbial stuff of legends that has captured the imagination of people around the world for over fi ve thousand years. The mystique of Dhofar has always been indelibly linked with its most famous export and a seemingly unlikely source: a gnarled and wizened shrub botanically identifi ed as Boswellia sacra, but better known as frankincense. While technically not a plant species found in the escarpment cloud forest, the aromatic milky resin of frankincense was at one time more highly valued than gold and its infl uence reached every corner of the ancient world. Like so many before me, the lure of frankincense led me to the escarpment cloud forest of Dhofar, but with the objective to conduct research into the connections between indigenous plant use and landscape conservation. The plants of Arabia are the least documented in the entire Northern Hemisphere. There are currently approximately 1,295 known plant species in Oman, with more being discovered every year by the botanists from the Oman Botanic Garden. A high percentage of highly specialized endemic plant species are found nowhere else on earth. By far the highest levels of endemism occur in the Dhofar escarpment cloud forest. This fragile crescent of green, which phytogeographically is more closely linked to the horn of Africa than to the rest of Arabia, is now included as one of the world’s 35 biodiversity “hotspots.” The mountains of northern Oman and the escarpment of the south are separated by a vast gravel desert and the “Empty 2-4 LA FORÊT DE NUAGES DU DHOFAR Quarter” whose iconic sand dunes disappear undefi ned into Saudi Arabia. The majority of the southern province of Dhofar consists of fl at, arid desert, yet the sea-facing slopes of the Dhofar escarpment drop precipitously towards the nearby Arabian Sea with an average elevation of 900 m above sea level. Stretching in an arc for approximately 290km, the escarpment cloud forest is 20km wide at its widest, and only 3km wide at its narrowest point. 1 VALLEY IN MONSOON 2 BOSWELLIA SACRA (FRANKINCENSE) 3 CROTALARIA RETUSA 4 JIBBALI RESEARCH PARTICIPANT | 1 LA VALLÉE SOUS LA MOUSSON 2 BOSWELLIA SACRA (ARBRE À ENCENS) 3 CROTALARIA RETUSA 4 JIBBALI PARTICIPANT À LA RECHERCHE PHOTOS ANDREW BURTON ANDERSON WINTER HIVER 2012 41
Page 1 and 2: WINTER | HIVER 2012 vol.14_ no.1 |
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Page 6 and 7: ISSN 1492-9600 Editorial Board | Co
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