Operation and Maintenance Manual for

KFZSD 1”/1.5” Manual 01/04 Rev. 1 APPENDIX
HARDNESS: The scale-forming and lather-inhibiting qualities which water, high in
calcium and magnesium ions, possesses.
INFLUENT: The solution which enters a system unit.
ION EXCHANGE: A process by which certain undesired ions of given charge are removed
from solution with an absorbent, being replaced in the solution by
desirable ions of similar charge from the absorbent.
ION: Any particle of less than colloidal size possessing either positive or
negative electric charge.
KILOGRAIN: A unit of weight; one thousand grains. There are seven kilograins per
pound.
MEDIA: The material (resin, carbon, quartz) that is used in a fluid-treatment
vessel.
MINERAL: A natural inorganic substance having a definite chemical composition and
structure.
RAW WATER: Untreated water from wells or from surface sources.
REGENERATION: The process by which a system is conditioned to ready it for another
service cycle.
RESIN: Typically, a synthetic plastic bead with attached ions that will exchange
(trade places with) with other ions in a process feed stream. Used in ionexchange
applications.
RINSE: The final step in a unit regeneration, in which water is flushed through the
unit until the effluent quality is proper.
SCALE: The precipitate that forms on surfaces in contact with water.
SOFTENING: The removal of hardness - calcium and magnesium - from water.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: The ratio of the mass of a body to the mass of an equal volume of water
at 4 o C or other specified temperature.
TDS: Total Dissolved Solids, in parts per million (ppm.
THROUGHPUT The amount of solution passed through an exchange bed before
VOLUME: exhaustion of the resin occurs.
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