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postulate of general relativity. In the early decades of the 20 th century, these two theories were developed and a totally new understanding of physics resulted. Relativity deals with the geometric nature of spacetime and gravitation. 1 In the past, it was applied more to large-scale processes, like black holes. Quantum theory deals primarily with the nature of individual particles, energy, and the vacuum. It has been applied very successfully at micro scales. Einstein-Cartan-Evans Unified Field Theory The combination of general relativity and quantum theory into one unified theory was Einstein’s goal for the last 30 years of his life. 2 A number of other physicists have also worked on developing unified field theories. String theory has been one such effort. While it has developed into excellent mathematical studies, it has not gotten beyond mathematics and is unphysical; it makes no predictions and remains untested. Unified field theory is then the combination of general relativity and quantum theory into one theory that describes both using the same fundamental equations. The mutual effects of all four fields must be explained and calculations of those effects must be possible. This has been achieved by Professor Myron Wyn Evans using Einstein’s general relativity as the foundation, Cartan’s differential geometry to define the spacetime, and his own wave equation to describe both relativity and quantum mechanics. Evans provides the derivation of electrodynamics from geometry. The geometric nature of spacetime and gravitation is reaffirmed. Interestingly, while Evans starts with general relativity, most of his papers apply it to electromagnetic theory and processes that have been traditionally subjects in 1 Einstein developed relativity using ideas drawn from Lorentz, Mach, and Riemann. Minkowski added to the theory shortly after Einstein’s initial publication. 2 For example see Unified Field Theory based on Riemannian Metrics and distant Parallelism, Albert Einstein, Mathematische Annalen 102 (1930) pp 685-697. Translated by A. Unzicker in www.alexander-unzicker.de/einst.html. The term distant Parallelism refers to the Cartan tetrad. 4
quantum theory. This is absolutely explicable given the need to unify subjects. The strength of unified field theory is just that – unification of concepts. Evans’ Results Professor Myron Wyn Evans has written or edited some 700 published technical papers and books primarily in physical chemistry and lately in unification of quantum and relativistic physics. He has worked at several universities in the US and now resides in Wales in his ancestral home. The five volume Enigmatic Photon series and his research on the B (3) field and O(3) electrodynamics have been past major contributions to physics. As of this writing Evans has produced 46 papers discussing various aspects of unified field theory. They can be briefly summarized: 1) The unified field theory is primarily a theory of general relativity. The nature of spacetime is again redefined just as Einstein twice reestablished it. The change is simple and the mathematics was well established by Cartan and used in part by Einstein. 2) Quantum theory emerges from, and is part of, general relativity. Together they have power to explain more about basic reality than either had alone. For example, a minimum volume of a particle always exists and can be calculated from basic constants. This implies that black holes are not singularities (zero points); the universe had a minimum volume and the big bang was likely a re-expansion from a previous universe. 3) The unified field theory allows study of the mutual influence of gravitation. electromagnetism, strong atomic force, and the weak radioactive force. equations can be solved in a variety of gravitational fields. 4) From the unified field theory all the equations of physics can be derived. Reinterpretation of some of quantum theory is required. 5) The Heisenberg uncertainty principle has been rejected in favor of causal quantum mechanics. In the unified field theory explanations exist for new experiments showing Heisenberg and the Copenhagen probabilistic school of 5
Page 1 and 2: 1 The Evans Equations of Unified Fi
Page 3 and 4: 3 Torsion .........................
Page 5: 5 Standard Model with Higgs versus
Page 8 and 9: Do keep in mind Einstein’s statem
Page 12 and 13: thought were incorrect. Einstein wa
Page 14 and 15: 8 Figure I-1 Spacetime Newton’s f
Page 16 and 17: In order to do calculations in the
Page 18 and 19: 12 Figure I-4 The Four Forces Gravi
Page 20 and 21: The Particles There are stable, lon
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1 Special Relativity 16 The
Page 24 and 25: unnoticeable, for low velocities, b
Page 26 and 27: The nature of spacetime is the caus
Page 28 and 29: Figure 1-3 Graph of Stress Energy i
Page 30 and 31: An example is shown in Figure 1-4.
Page 32 and 33: There are many short form abbreviat
Page 34 and 35: The cross product is not defined In
Page 36 and 37: form. Given that they are discrete
Page 38 and 39: curvature, but does not allow spinn
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2 General Relativity Introd
Page 42 and 43: However, acceleration and a gravita
Page 44 and 45: Energy density reference frames T =
Page 46 and 47: infinity - at distances where the c
Page 48 and 49: 42 Figure 2-4 Visualizing Curved Sp
Page 50 and 51: Curvature Curvature is central to t
Page 52 and 53: We showed that gravitation is curva
Page 54 and 55: Figure 2-9 Base Manifold with Eucli
Page 56 and 57: In Figure 2-10 at the top is the te
Page 58 and 59: We put the object in the tangent sp
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The metric tensor is important in g
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Chapter 3 Quantum Theory Quantum Th
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1930’s when it became well establ
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that we have such accuracy as we ha
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spaces. The formulation is beyond t
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frame where measurement is made.) P
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Quantum Numbers The equations below
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Quantum Gravity and other theories
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x time, or momentum x distance, or
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72 E = pc and E = ħ ω and therefo
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When the Planck units are used, it
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76 ms is spin quantum number. It is
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experiments and to describe events.
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are the same space; this is a mathe
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82 If a curve is described by y = a
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Scalar, or Inner Product The dot pr
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Figure 4-5 Cross Product a 86 The v
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product produces surfaces that cut
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4-Vectors and the Scalar Product An
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definite - it is a real distance. I
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Einstein is the tensor defined as G
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With some operations one must add t
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Alternately, a set of basis matrice
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Figure 4-12 100 0 2 1 3 q can repre
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Contravariant and covariant vectors
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The scalars, whether real or imagin
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106 2 _ 1 ∂ 2 c 2 ∂ t 2 can be
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Covariant Exterior Derivative D ∧
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Chapter 5 Well Known Equations Intr
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V = IR. A circuit is a completed ci
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The standard definition of magnetic
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Another way of stating this is that
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Figure 5-4 Ampere's and Faraday’s
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Newton’s law of gravitation 120 A
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Figure 5-6 Fields Poisson’s Equat
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This is a differential operator use
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The Evans equations indicate that R
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Compton and de Broglie wavelengths
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Here ħ = h / 2π = Planck’s cons
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Mathematics and Physics To a certai
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Chapter 6 The Evans Field Equation
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Then the wave equation was develope
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138 q ab µν = q a µq b ν q ab
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From the basic structure of equatio
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142 Rµν - ½ Rgµν = kTµν Eins
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original vector - its orientation i
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The electromagnetic and weak fields
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In more mechanical terms, energy an
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Figure 6-8 Abstract Fiber Bundle an
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The other three fields - electromag
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Figure 6-9 The spin connection and
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Evans Field Equation Extensions R =
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The real physical solutions the wav
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160 Another way to look at the equa
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determined by geometry. This makes
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index, it is generally covariant -
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It is also possible to represent bo
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Electromagnetism 168 The B (3) fiel
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Strong force If tetrad index “a
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neutron into other more stable curv
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explanation for the Aharonov-Bohm a
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ORIGIN Einstein / Hilbert (1915) Ev
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then we found it and used it to des
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Very Strong Equivalence Principle T
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Figure 8-2 Separation of Forces PRI
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Note that physics texts often say t
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criteria for dark matter. We know t
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Figure 8-5 Spinning Spacetime The s
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this gives the influence of gravita
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In all the forms of the tetrad, the
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Spacetime curvature in and around p
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The Evans Wave Equation Figure 8-8
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λ is the wavelength. It can be app
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λde B = ħ / p = ħ / mv (6) where
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where ψ a µ is a tetrad. Therefor
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The components of R = -kT originati
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Relationship between r and λ Profe
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Figure 9-4 Curvature and Wavelength
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One may tentatively assume that the
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The first gives us the Principle of
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Chapter 10 Replacement of the Heise
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p b µ = ћ κ b µ (2) The positio
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The volumes here are derived from V
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The Heisenberg uncertainty principl
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Chapter 11 The Evans B (3) Spin Fie
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where g = e/ћ for one photon; e is
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Figure 11-3 shows the circle turnin
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the curvature very slight at the ea
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The magnetic field components are r
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The B (3) field is the fundamental
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The present standard model uses con
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Using Einstein’s index contracted
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unnecessary and it has been shown t
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Figure 12-4 Momentum Exchange p 3 p
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Figure 12-6 Equations in the Tangen
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were still unknown. However it is o
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Consider an experiment where a beam
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Here κ is wave number, ds is the i
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the Evans unified field theory. Sim
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Figure 13-6 Ordinary Stokes is a ci
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Chapter 14 Geometric Concepts Intro
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where φ is the gravitational poten
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Just what equation will be found to
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where e is the charge of the electr
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have quantization of general relati
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The scalar curvature, R, is defined
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Chapter 15 A Unified Viewpoint Intr
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Asymmetry is a combination of symme
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We know energy density increase is
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G q a µ = kT q a µ. Is one formul
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unknowable measurements. ħ is the
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and their respective ratios was,
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It seems inevitable that we will fi
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Quantum mechanics presented us with
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Evans’ equations the electromagne
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A naïve description would be that
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Note that we are still missing some
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Oscillatory Universe The equation m
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We do not have a definite mechanica
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Glossary There are some terms here
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AIAS Alpha Institute for Advanced S
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The B (3) field and O(3) electrodyn
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The calculations to get coordinates
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Connections Circular Basis The equa
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Elie Cartan worked out an approach
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A covariant component is a physical
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Covariant derivative operator (∇
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Curvature at a given point P has a
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Dimension While mathematically well
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Einstein Field Equation The equatio
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Euclidean spacetime Flat geometric
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Fields explain “action at a dista
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Fundamental Particle A particle wit
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Geometric units Conversion of mass
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describes electrodynamics. It is no
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Index Typically Greek letters are u
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Isomorphism A 1:1 correspondence. J
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Local A very small region of spacet
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Another use is with the Dirac and o
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We want a real number to define the
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Time invariance (or symmetry under
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Dual vectors = one forms = covector
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Meson - Any of a family of subatomi
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The Evans phase law is: This is app
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Quantum gravity Quantum gravity is
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Riemann tensor Riemann calculates t
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Schrodinger's Equation ∇ 2 Ψn =
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The spin connection may be best des
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α angular acceleration; fine struc
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Rotation and reflection of a triang
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Next is O(3) electrodynamics which
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Rank is indicated by the number of
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A spin structure is locally a tetra
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q a µ can be defined in terms of a
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The torsion of a curve is a measure
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our real four dimensional spacetime
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Wave or Quantum Mechanics Study of
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