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stories of traditions and cultures with their children. However, the practice of storying is difficult to maintain when the mainstream is following a different course. Koloa The concept koloa (what ones value) is drawn from Tongan language and culture. Koloa is significant in Tongan language and culture because koloa embraces values and beliefs. Expressions of koloa demonstrate the appreciation and admiration that Tongan people have towards what they value and treasure. For Tongans, koloa carries many cultural values and great importance. The Tongan constructions of koloa are material or tangible and non-material or intangible. What counts as koloa? What do Tongan people count as koloa? The material or tangible koloa are what we are able to see and touch for example, Tongan fala (fine mats), kelekele or fonua (lands), fānau (children), ‘api (homes), ngāue fakamea’a (handicrafts), and kakai (people). Analysis of the tangible koloa is through contextual analysis where a person is able to make a conclusion by judging appearance. The intangible koloa are the invisible qualities which we cannot see and touch but are underlying cultural values and behaviors such as ‘ofa (compassion), faka’apa’apa (respect), feveitokai’aki (reciprocity), tauhivaha’a (caring and maintaining inter- personal relations), and fakama’uma’u (restraint behavior). Analysing non-material koloa is through linguistic analysis where a person is able to make a conclusion through people’s performances and behavior in different social contexts. In Tongan context, the values of ‘ofa, faka’apa’apa, feveitokai’aki, tauhivaha’a and fakama’uma’u are measured according to how often one is paractising the values in the society. 17
There are many expressions of koloa often expressed metaphorically 4 in different forms and meanings. These expressions are often heard in a presentation made by fefine Tonga tu’a (Tongan female commoner) or a presentation of a speech in a function or ceremony. Since koloa is of highly valued, koloa is most carefully and purposefully safeguarded. The following expressions of koloa describe how the Tongan people come to value what they value. Mata’i koloa. Mata is the face. Our mata is regarded as the chief part of the body. Our face is a physical constitution of our identity (Manu'atu, 2000). We are identified by our faces. For example, ko e mata ‘atā pē‘ene fa’é (She is the resemblance of her mother). Ko e me’a ia ‘oku ‘ilo ai ho matá (That is how your face is identified). Mata'i koloa is specially used to refer to the best of a number of valuable koloa, for example, ko e mata ‘enau koloá ‘a e kie ‘a e fefiné (the best of their koloa is the woman’s kie (a fine single woven white mat). Mata also refers to the appearance or face of the koloa as in fala. For instance, Ko e fala mata faka’ofo’ofa (It is a beautiful woven fala). The mata of the fala is smoothly woven and displays exceptional design. When the suffix ‘i is added as in mata’i it means to ‘the eye-of’, or point-of focus, purpose of. As of mata’i koloa, it is defined as foremost in one’s estimation. Mata'i koloa is the “eye-of” koloa that a person’s regard as the foremost in his/her estimation. Metaphorically mata’i koloa refers to children. The children are the “eye-of” the parents. Parents take exceedingly good care of their children as they do of their eyes. Parents realise they are raising mata’i koloa so will find or secure the best way of raising and safeguarding their child. 4 The expressions of koloa: ‘Mālō/Fakafeta’i e ma’u koloa’ (One gratefully appreciates the 'teu' (the finest fala (mats), ngatu (tapa) received or presented). ‘Koe koloa ‘etau mo’uí’ (Our lives are koloa. Having breath from day to day is koloa). ‘Koe koloa ‘o hoku manavá’ (The children are the koloa of my womb). Koloa pē ho’o lava maí (Your presence/being here is appreciated). Koloa ‘a Tonga ko e fakamālō (Tongans have little to say but to be grateful). Kuo tō hotau koloa (We have been enriched). 18
Page 1 and 2: Talanoa: A contribution to the teac
Page 3 and 4: Attestation of Authorship “I here
Page 5 and 6: practices and experiences in your h
Page 7 and 8: Talanoa ...........................
Page 9 and 10: The strengths and limitations .....
Page 11 and 12: enefits of a country. For example,
Page 13 and 14: language, tradition, customs) is th
Page 15 and 16: The research question The overall r
Page 17 and 18: 3. Talanoa has a great variety of v
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2: The Study Context Introd
Page 21 and 22: islands of Niua, which are close to
Page 23 and 24: extended families as well as immedi
Page 25: esearch aims to define a means of u
Page 29 and 30: their daily experience. Coming to k
Page 31 and 32: provides the lens for doing the fin
Page 33 and 34: 10. The hierarchical status of a To
Page 35 and 36: The educational aspects of koloa ar
Page 37 and 38: the Tongan language; and to develop
Page 39 and 40: deconstruction of Tongan social 're
Page 41 and 42: Tu’i (king) because of the talano
Page 43 and 44: Based on these key features of qual
Page 45 and 46: esearch is all about storying, base
Page 47 and 48: the participants’ identities, the
Page 49 and 50: Group C: Participants Nine-Eleven T
Page 51 and 52: efreshment, an interactive conversa
Page 53 and 54: Talanoa is analysed in Chapter 6 of
Page 55 and 56: the number of guiding questions is
Page 57 and 58: mohe he efiafí ‘a e fāmilí mo
Page 59 and 60: We talanoa at home but it is not en
Page 61 and 62: However, it seems that the church i
Page 63 and 64: When we depart to where we plan, li
Page 65 and 66: However, a mother admitted that chi
Page 67 and 68: After talking about it then I take
Page 69 and 70: talk in Tongan to my children in or
Page 71 and 72: value each item at such cultural oc
Page 73 and 74: experience. When adults’ talanoa,
Page 75 and 76: Another essential point Participant
Page 77 and 78:
acquainted with) brings the idea th
Page 79 and 80:
Talanoa fakalaumālie (spiritual ta
Page 81 and 82:
A teaching and learning approach Ta
Page 83 and 84:
The cultural values of talanoa Tala
Page 85 and 86:
metaphorically), or talk straight d
Page 87 and 88:
Talatalaifale (talanoa within the h
Page 89 and 90:
Talanoa is koloa Therefore, the fin
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 7: CONCLUSION Introduction
Page 93 and 94:
• The impact of the research proc
Page 95 and 96:
motivate and encourage children’s
Page 97 and 98:
Kilioni, K., & Kupu, S. (2006). An
Page 99 and 100:
Waller, R. (2005). 'I call myself a
Page 101 and 102:
fekau’aki related felōngoaki to
Page 103 and 104:
vavae, vaevae, vavahe to share ‘a
Page 105 and 106:
What are the benefits? The benefits
Page 107 and 108:
‘Oku ‘i ai ha fakatokanga keu t
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 2A: Consent Form Project t
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