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1961 FoR the AsIA AnD PACIFIC RegIon, the BIoCAPACItY PeR PeRson In 2008 hAD DeCReAseD to onLY tWo thIRDs oF thAt AvAILABLe In 1961 26 Living on our planet Figure 7: The Biocapacity Available to People of Asia and the Pacific in 2008 (data Global Footprint network) A WIDenIng BIoCAPACItY DeFICIt To measure whether human demand for natural resources is balanced with what can be generated, humanity’s Ecological Footprint is compared to biocapacity, or the amount and productivity of the natural capital such as cropland, grazing land, fishing grounds, and forests that is available within a country, a region or the planet. People draw on biocapacity directly for basic survival, and countries also use the biocapacity of other countries through their imports. In Asia and the Pacific, the per capita Ecological Footprint (1.6 gha) far exceeds the per capita biocapacity (0.9 gha), leaving a biocapacity deficit of 0.8 gha per capita. Figure 7 shows the available biocapacity per country. 0-1 biocapacity gha per capita PRC TIMoR-LESTE DEMoCRATIC PEoPLE’S REPUBLIC oF KoREA REPUBLIC oF KoREA PHILIPPINES JAPAN NEPAL INDIA SRI LANKA BANGLADESH PAKISTAN SINGAPoRE 1-2 biocapacity gha per capita LAo PDR INDoNESIA VIET NAM THAILAND MALAYSIA CAMBoDIA 2-4 3-5 biocapacity gha per capita PAPUA NEW GUINEA MALAYSIA MYANMAR 10-11.5 biocapacity gha per capita NEW ZEALAND 14.5-16 biocapacity gha per capita MoNGoLIA AUSTRALIA
Papua New Guinea Malaysia Biocapacity over time (global hectares per capita) Biocapacity over time (global hectares per person) Much of the seafood consumed in Hong Kong, China, is imported, and the 50 supplier countries are producing the seafood unsustainably Figure 8: Trends in Biocapacity for Countries of Asia and the Pacific from 1961 to 2008 (data Global Footprint network) Lao PDR 50 30 20 10 0 Mongolia Myanmar Australia Indonesia New Zealand Timor Leste Papua New Guinea Malaysia Cambodia Living on our planet As populations grow more rapidly than biocapacity can increase, the average biocapacity available per person declines. For the Asia and Pacific region, the biocapacity per person in 2008 had decreased to only two thirds of that available in 1961, with every country in the region experiencing a decline (Figure 8). As a result, the gap between the Ecological Footprint and available biocapacity is widening in the region, mirroring the global trend. The effects of this increasing biocapacity deficit by can potentially lead to, including widespread habitat loss, overharvesting of renewable resources, and worsening climate change. In addition, when importing countries out-source the production of food and fiber to other countries, they may also be burdening exporting countries with associated negative social or environmental impacts. In some cases, such impacts are regional or even global in scope. For example, much of the seafood consumed in Hong Kong, China, is imported, and the 50 supplier countries are producing the seafood unsustainably. The importation of live reef food fish and shark fin in particular are having significant impacts on regional and global marine ecosystems (WWF 2011e). Myanmar Thailand Lao, PDR Korea DPR Indonesia Thailand Japan Viet Nam Philippines Cambodia e’s Republic of China PRC Timor-Leste Nepal Korea, Republic of Viet Nam Korea, DPR India Philippines Japan Republic of Korea Nepal Sri Lanka India Pakistan Sri Lanka Bangladesh 1961 1985 2008 Pakistan Singapore 27
Page 1 and 2: REPORT JUNE 2012 Ecological footpri
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword 5 Acknowledgement
Page 5 and 6: FoReWoRD The widespread loss of nat
Page 7 and 8: © WWF-Canon / www.ateliermamco.com
Page 9 and 10: ACknoWLeDgeMents ADB and WWF signed
Page 11 and 12: Loading harvested mangrove poles in
Page 13 and 14: 17% teRRestRIAL PRoteCteD AReAs noW
Page 15 and 16: This report highlights major initia
Page 17 and 18: Young boy holding a Bagrid catfish,
Page 19 and 20: Most of these threats stem from hum
Page 21 and 22: © James Morgan / WWF International
Page 23 and 24: The Ecological Footprint of nations
Page 25: 47% the CARBon CoMPonent RePResents
Page 29 and 30: With tight supplies of resources, c
Page 31 and 32: © Jürgen Freund / WWF-Canon
Page 33 and 34: Figure 10: Global and Indo-Pacific
Page 35 and 36: 20% FRoM 1990 to 2010, the AReA oF
Page 37 and 38: 75% In eAst AsIA ALMost 75% oF the
Page 39 and 40: 70% 70 PeRCent oF ALL WAteR Is Cons
Page 41 and 42: © Jun Lao
Page 43 and 44: gMs the gReAteR Mekong suBRegIon Is
Page 45 and 46: PAPUA NEW GUINEA CoRAL tRIAngLe Val
Page 47 and 48: 70% oF the 20 MAjoR RIveRs In BoRne
Page 49 and 50: Forestry provides income for rural
Page 51 and 52: 4 MILLIon theRe ARe An estIMAteD 4
Page 53 and 54: Mangroves split level. Banggi, Kuda
Page 55 and 56: 27 theRe ARe 27 sPeCIes oF MARIne M
Page 57 and 58: 50% IF CuRRent CLIMAte tRenDs ContI
Page 59 and 60: Fisherman pulling up a newly caught
Page 61 and 62: 70% thAnks to CeRtIFICAtIon, eIght
Page 63 and 64: hALtIng the DeCLIne AnD PotentIAL e
Page 65 and 66: 1,100 the Mekong Is thought to PRov
Page 67 and 68: 2011 In 2011, WWF AnD the InteRnAtI
Page 69 and 70: The magnificent tiger is the larges
Page 71 and 72: 2002 the FIRst gMs suMMIt, heLD In
Page 73 and 74: 170,000 gMs BCC PRojeCt tARgets 170
Page 75 and 76: Pak Mun dam, Ubon Ratchathani Provi
Page 77 and 78:
Protected areas are often seen as t
Page 79 and 80:
RsAt the RsAt hAs Been suCCessFuLLY
Page 81 and 82:
10,000 the AReA hARBouRs 10,000 PLA
Page 83 and 84:
Extensive grazing by domestic lives
Page 85 and 86:
The Living Himalayas InItIAtIves --
Page 87 and 88:
Agricultural worker Pangbuche Chosa
Page 89 and 90:
2009 In 2009, the goveRnMent oF Bhu
Page 91 and 92:
The Sacred Himalayas Bhutan Biologi
Page 93 and 94:
Young boy in traditional dug-out ca
Page 95 and 96:
Conclusion the GMS and the Coral Tr
Page 97 and 98:
Conclusion The large-scale ecosyste
Page 99 and 100:
Food and Agriculture Organization.
Page 101 and 102:
Thailand and Viet Nam. Vientiane, L
Page 103 and 104:
Abbreviations ADB Asian Development
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