KEY to terricolous lichens - italic
KEY to terricolous lichens - italic
KEY to terricolous lichens - italic
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49<br />
smooth, black. Hymenium inspersed. Paraphyses distinctly thickened above. Asci<br />
clavate. Ascospores 2-celled, not hyaline, ellipsoid, thin-walled, 8 per ascus, 22-32 x<br />
9-13 µ. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Pho<strong>to</strong>biont chlorococcoid. - Note: on <strong>terricolous</strong><br />
mosses and plant debris, rarely on rock, lignum and rather acid bark, esp. on basal<br />
parts of trunks.<br />
Thallus verrucose. Ascospores 18-24 x 8-10 µ<br />
Buellia papillata<br />
Thallus crus<strong>to</strong>se, whitish <strong>to</strong> pale grey, thick, verrucose, K+ yellow, C-, KC-. Areolae<br />
convex, contiguous. Apothecia frequent, without a thalline margin, sessile. Surface<br />
black, convex. Margin distinct, smooth, black. Hymenium inspersed. Paraphyses<br />
distinctly thickened above. Asci clavate. Ascospores 2-celled, not hyaline, ellipsoid,<br />
thin-walled, 8 per ascus, 18-24 x 8-10 µ. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Pho<strong>to</strong>biont<br />
chlorococcoid. - Note: on <strong>terricolous</strong> bryophytes, related <strong>to</strong> B. insignis, but with<br />
smaller spores.<br />
50 Ascomata neither bright nor dark-coloured 51<br />
50 Ascomata dark 52<br />
51 Ascospores cylindrical, 8-13 x 2.3-3 µ. Ascomata up <strong>to</strong> up <strong>to</strong> 1 mm diam.<br />
Bia<strong>to</strong>rella fossarum<br />
Thallus crus<strong>to</strong>se, pale grey, thin, granulose, K-, C-, KC-, P-. Apothecia frequent,<br />
without a thalline margin, sessile, not constricted, up <strong>to</strong> 1 mm diam. Surface bright <strong>to</strong><br />
dull orange-red, convex. Margin indistinct. Epihymenium pale <strong>to</strong> orange-yellow, K-,<br />
with a layer of crystals. Subhymenium pale grey-yellow. Paraphyses anas<strong>to</strong>mosing,<br />
distinctly thickened above, adglutinated. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores 1celled,<br />
hyaline, cylindrical, more than 32 per ascus, 8-13 x 2.3-3 µ. Pho<strong>to</strong>biont<br />
chlorococcoid. - Note: on calciferous, often slightly decalcified soil in rather disturbed<br />
habitats, chiefly southern in Europe, closely related <strong>to</strong> B. hemisphaerica, most Italian<br />
records must be checked against the latter species.<br />
51 Ascospores narrowly ellipsoid, 5-8 x 2-3.5 µ. Ascomata up <strong>to</strong> up <strong>to</strong> 2 mm diam.<br />
Bia<strong>to</strong>rella hemisphaerica<br />
Thallus crus<strong>to</strong>se, pale grey, thin, granulose, K-, C-, KC-, P-. Apothecia without a<br />
thalline margin, sessile, not constricted, up <strong>to</strong> 2 mm diam. Surface bright <strong>to</strong> dull<br />
orange-red, convex. Margin indistinct. Epihymenium pale <strong>to</strong> orange-yellow, K-, with<br />
a layer of crystals. Subhymenium pale grey-yellow. Paraphyses anas<strong>to</strong>mosing,<br />
distinctly thickened above, adglutinated. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores 1celled,<br />
hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid, more than 32 per ascus, 5-8 x 2-3.5 µ. Pho<strong>to</strong>biont<br />
chlorococcoid. - Note: on calciferous soil and amongst bryophytes, most often in rock<br />
fissures, see note on B. fossarum.<br />
52 Ascospores 2-celled 53<br />
52 Ascospores 1-celled 55<br />
53 Ascospores not hyaline<br />
Buellia epigaea<br />
Thallus crus<strong>to</strong>se, white, thick, areolate, K-, C-, KC-, P-. Areolae flattened, contiguous.<br />
Apothecia frequent, without a thalline margin, sessile. Surface black, convex, smooth.<br />
Margin distinct, smooth, black. Epihymenium brownish. Hymenium inspersed.<br />
Subhymenium colourless <strong>to</strong> pale brown. Paraphyses distinctly thickened above. Asci<br />
clavate. Ascospores 2-celled, not hyaline, ellipsoid, thin-walled, ornamented, 8 per<br />
ascus, (14)15-21(26) x (6)7-10(11) µ. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Pho<strong>to</strong>biont<br />
chlorococcoid. - Note: on base-rich mineral soil, on wheathered gypsum and gypsum<br />
soil.<br />
53 Ascospores hyaline 54<br />
54 Ascospores