KEY to terricolous lichens - italic

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Thallus crustose, greenish to whitish grey, thick, areolate, loosely attached, K+ yellow
changing to red, C+ red, KC+ red, P-. Areolae 1-2(3) mm wide, convex, contiguous.
Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, immersed, not constricted. Surface black, often faintly
pruinose, concave. Margin distinct. Paraphyses simple, not apically thickened, free.
Asci bitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores many-celled, not hyaline, broadly ellipsoid,
muriform, 4 per ascus, 18-32 x 6-15 µ. Parasitic on Cladonia spp. when young.
Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: often - but apparently not always - parasitic on
Cladonia squamules (esp. C. pocillum and C. symphycarpa), generally on mosses and
plant debris in dry grasslands on limestone, not always distinguished from D.
diacapsis in the older literature.
Apothecia < 3 mm diam. Thallus P-. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline
Bryonora castanea
Thallus crustose, greyish, thin, continuous, K+ yellow changing to red, C-, KC-, P-.
Medulla UV -. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, sessile, up to 3 mm diam. Surface dark
reddish brown, plane. Margin distinct, thick, crenulate. Paraphyses simple, distinctly
thickened above, adglutinated. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores 1-celled,
hyaline, ellipsoid-cylindrical, thick-walled, 8 per ascus, 14-17 x 5-7 µ. Pycnidia dark,
immersed. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Ascospores always onecelled.
- Note: on soil, mosses, plant remains and on other lichens in Alpine
grasslands.
69 Apothecia > 3 mm diam. Thallus P+ orange. Ascospores muriform, not hyaline
Diploschistes ocellatus
Thallus crustose, pale grey to white, thick, areolate, K+ yellow changing to red, C-,
KC-, P+ orange. Pruina diffuse. Areolae (2)3-6 mm wide, angular, convex,
contiguous. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, sessile, up to 6 mm diam. Surface black,
mostly faintly white-pruinose, plane. Margin distinct, thick, smooth, paler than disk,
pruinose. Paraphyses simple, not apically thickened, free. Asci bitunicate, cylindrical.
Ascospores many-celled, not hyaline, broadly ellipsoid, muriform, 8 per ascus.
Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: on
limestones, dolomite and calciferous sandstone, more rarely on soil, esp. common in
the SW part of the Peninsula.
70 Ascospores 4-celled
Rinodina conradii
Thallus crustose, whitish grey to brown, thin, areolate, K-, C-, KC-, P-. Areolae
rounded, flattened, smooth, contiguous, adpressed to the substratum, non imbricate.
Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, sessile, slightly constricted, up to 1 mm diam. Surface
dark brown to blackish, convex. Margin distinct, thin, smooth. Paraphyses distinctly
thickened above. Asci clavate. Ascospores 2-celled, not hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid,
thick-walled, 8 per ascus, 25-35 x 10-15 µ. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia
bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: a short-lived early colonizer of more or
less base-rich soil and terricolous bryophytes in open habitats, sometimes on mosses
on basal parts of ancient trees.
70 Not as above 71
71 Ascospores 1-celled 72
71 Ascospores 2-celled 75
72 Thallus KC+ red
Trapelia coarctata
Thallus crustose, whitish, pale grey to pale pinkish, thin, continuous, K-, C+ red, KC+
red, P-. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, sessile, up to 0.8 mm diam. Surface rose-pink
to red-brown. Margin distinct, concolour with disk, surrounded by a paler thalline
margin forming a halo-like rim. Paraphyses anastomosing, ramified, not apically
thickened. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8 per ascus, 15-25 x 7-13 µ.
Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: an early colonizer of pebbles near the soil surface,
sometimes on bare clayey soil, rare, and mostly Tyrrhenian, in the eu-Mediterranean
belt.
72 Thallus KC- 73
73 Ascomata immersed in thalline warts at least when young
Megaspora verrucosa
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