KEY to terricolous lichens - italic

63
black, plane. Margin distinct, thin, smooth, concolorous with disk. Epihymenium pale
brown, K-. Hymenium J+ violet. Subhymenium dark reddish brown, with scattered
bluish granules reacting K+ green. Paraphyses simple, slightly thickened above,
adglutinated. Ascospores 1(-4)-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8 per ascus, 10-16(19) x 4.5-
6(7) µ. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: on mosses, plant debris, soil, bark and
lignum.
Thallus K+ yellow 64
63 Not as above 66
64 Thallus KC+ red
Pertusaria bryontha
Thallus crustose, whitish grey, continuous, K+ yellow, C+ red, KC+ red, P+ red.
Medulla UV + + glaucous to orange. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, immersed in
thalline warts, semi-immersed, not constricted, up to 2.5 mm diam. Surface brownblack,
paler when young, plane, rough. Margin distinct. Epihymenium brown-black,
K+ violet. Paraphyses ramified, free. Asci cylindrical. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline,
ellipsoid, thick-walled, 1 per ascus, (110)150-210(230) x (40)60-90(100) µ. Pycnidia
dark, immersed. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: on mosses
and plant debris, mostly on calcareous substrata, probably widespread throughout the
Alps.
64 Thallus KC- 65
65 Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline. Thallus continuous
Lecanora epibryon
Thallus crustose, whitish to pale grey, continuous, K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-. Areolae
rounded, convex, contiguous, adpressed to the substratum. Hypo/prothallus present,
dark. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, sessile, strongly constricted, up to 1 mm diam.
Surface brown, plane, C-, P-. Margin distinct, thick, crenulate, whitish to pale grey,
K+ yellow, C-, KC-, P-. Ascospores 1-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid, 8 per ascus, 10-16 x
5-8 µ. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: on mosses and plant debris in open
calcareous grasslands and alpine tundras, often on ridges in Carex firma stands,
common in the Alps, rarer in the Apennines.
65 Ascospores 2-celled, not hyaline. Thallus areolate
Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaereiza
Thallus crustose, whitish to pale brown to reddish brown, thin, areolate, K+ yellow, C-
, KC-, P-. Areolae rounded, flattened, smooth, contiguous, adpressed to the
substratum, non imbricate. Medulla white. Apothecia frequent, lecanorine, sessile,
slightly constricted, up to 1.5 mm diam. Surface dark brown to blackish, convex.
Margin distinct, thin, smooth. Paraphyses distinctly thickened above. Asci clavate.
Ascospores 2-celled, not hyaline, ellipsoid, thick-walled, 8 per ascus, 20-34 x 10-15 µ.
Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: on
soil, mosses, plant debris, in tundra-like environments.
66 Thallus K+ yellow changing to red 67
66 Thallus K- 70
67 Thallus KC+ red 68
67 Thallus KC- 69
68 Ascospores 4-8 per ascus. Non parasitic. Thallus pruinose
Diploschistes diacapsis
Thallus crustose, grey to greyish white, areolate, K+ yellow changing to red, C+ red,
KC+ red, P-. Areolae 1-2(3) mm wide, angular, convex, contiguous. Apothecia
frequent, lecanorine, immersed, not constricted. Surface black, often faintly whitepruinose,
concave. Margin distinct. Paraphyses simple, not apically thickened, free.
Asci bitunicate, cylindrical. Ascospores many-celled, not hyaline, broadly ellipsoid,
muriform, 4-8 per ascus, 20-38 x 9-17 µ. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia
bacilliform. Photobiont chlorococcoid. - Note: on more or less calcareous, or base-rich
soil in open, dry situations, certainly much more widespread in dry grasslands
throughout the country.
68 Ascospores 4 per ascus. Parasitic on other lichens. Thallus non-pruinose
Diploschistes muscorum
42