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Fig. 1: Map with MT sites at the South Chilean margin. Circles: Sites from campaign in 2000; Stars: TIPTEQ campaign; Squares: Monitoring stations from <strong>GFZ</strong> Potsdam; Black lines: Faults modified after Melnick at al. 2006; Bathymetry: GEOMAR. CC: Coastal Cordillera, LV: Longitudinal Valley, VA: Volcanic Arc, LOFZ: Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone. Below: Bathymetry/topography along magnetotelluric profile. Ocean-bottom magnetotellurics For imaging fluids in the interface between the downgoing Nazca and the overriding South American plate the last land profile was extended by 7 sea-bottom stations across the trench towards the Pacific plate, which were deployed during RV Sonne leg SO-181. 308
Fig. 2: Deployment of the HEFMAG seafloor magnetotelluric systems during the RV Sonne cruise SO181. The HEFMAG system consists of fluxgate magnetometer and short-span telluric device based on saltwater bridges. The newly designed HEFMAG system (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) measures the natural temporal geomagnetic and geoelectric (telluric) field variations in a period range from T = 80s – DC. While fluxgate magnetometers sense the three components of the magnetic field, a short-span device incorporating a saltwater bridge and unpolarizable Ag/AgCl electrodes is used for probing the electric field (Fig. 2). Mainly due to the tubes for the telluric field, the ocean bottom instruments descends and rises at relatively low speed (approx. 20m/min). For subsequent modelling the ocean has to be incorporated as an a priori structure in the finite difference mesh and therefore the knowledge of water conductivity is essential. A CTD log to depths until 4000 m was performed close to the measuring area (Fig. 3). The conductivity of seawater depends on pressure, salinity and temperature and has been investigated by Horner and Frysinger (1963). While the effects of pressure and salinity variations in the ocean are only 2.5% and 5%, respectively and are therefore negligible, the resistivity of oceanic water can change from 0.16 Ωm at 30°C and 0.33 Ωm at 1.0°C. Thus the temperature is the dominant factor controlling the electrical conductivity (Filloux, 1987). Fig. 3: Logs of electrical conductitviy, resistivity (left), temperature and salinity (right). 309
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Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellsch
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Börner, Ralph-Uwe.................
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Vorwort Das Kolloquium Elektromagne
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Ι Ι Ι Teilnehmerverzeichnis Bara
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Schwarz Gerhard Geological Survey o
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01. 1962 Kassel 02. 1963 Salzgitter
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Meine „Inauguration“ fand auf d
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„An Geräten gab‘s anfangs nur
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Sicherungen Einstellen der Galvanom
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„In unserem Kreis sind Mensch und
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Herr Andersohn, der Schöpfer der A
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Das Kolloquium sollte, wie es das l
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Es entstand die Frage, ob wir nach
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Es fällt leichter, sich mit dem Er
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Urerfahrungen des Menschen Ich glau
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Kapitel „Ungelöste Probleme“:
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Es bleibt immer noch zu viel stehen
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1D interpretation of electromagneti
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( 0) ∂Fn ( 0) yn − Fn ( xm ; d'
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exactly the same way. When only pha
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data errors and the often extreme c
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with few layers are considered. Ide
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Proceeding as before, now with deri
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with = J or . z d z J z G z G ′ )
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A visual display of this balanced i
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as outlined in Subsection 4.6 and 4
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egularisation, leading to a more st
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of the trade-off parameter w has be
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shown in Fig. 7. The curve to the l
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References Berdichevsky, M.N. & V.I
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−1 + Ψ tanh { exp{ 2 ′ m U m
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the solution coefficients v kn rema
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1 ∑hk nbnn = − [ λ k + ( 1−
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In the case of a layered mantle it
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The present more elementary approac
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the time constants are reversely gi
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3.2. Diffusion pattern of radial an
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Figure 4: Degree ℓ = 1, impulse d
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The recursion starts with ψℓ0(r)
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3.4. Relationship between τℓ, σ
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Mercer’s theorem (Courant & Hilbe
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Moreover let Θ(x) with Θ(x)+Θ(
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METHOD OF HORIZONTAL MAGNETOVARIATI
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2. Estimation of the horizontal mag
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Figure 4. Pseudo sections of the ho
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Figure 5. Pseudo sections of rotati
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5. Two-dimensional inversion of the
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Figure 10a. M xx data inversion at
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Varentsov, Iv.M., 2005b. Arrays of
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Figure 1. The EMTESZ-Pomerania arra
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0 the variability criterion: M-tens
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sites ranging from 3 to 6 at distan
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sufficiently “clean” responses.
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ailways and other dominant industri
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Kanonische Kohärenzen - Indikator
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4 Beispiele Parkfield 2005 Im Früh
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∗ †
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o
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• •
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ties of their estimates is of essen
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where θ0 is used to adjust limits
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RMS squared Twist (deg) 10 1 0.1 0.
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Site True twist True shear MNJ twis
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References Bahr, K., 1988. Interpre
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ihre Elemente durch Hochkommata ind
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vernachlässigen ist. Dieser Grenzw
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M´ xx T´ 21 1500 1000 500 0 −50
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T´ 21 M´ xx 0.4 0.2 0 −0.2 −0
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inversion model parameters. The per
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There remains the open problem to s
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Figure 4: Fitting between observed
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simulation is done applying an adap
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Let y be the strike direction of a
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ρ a in Ω⋅ m φ in degrees 10 3
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7 Topography Fig. 7: Real (left) an
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Fig. 11: Real part of current densi
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2. An der Grenze zwischen zwei Gebi
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Abbildung 1: Ausschnitt eines Hexae
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Abbildung 4: Oktant einer Kugel. Ve
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3D-TEM-Simulation für axialsymmetr
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4 Transformation der Felder in den
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E φ in V/m E φ in V/m 10 −6 10
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• coincident-loop configuration,
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generally
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fictitious anomalies are also intro
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(2001). The studies of Goldman et a
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1 1 1
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X = x i | i = 1, 2, 3
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g R g ijk
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Ωm m m
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∂σ = ∂ m −1 = −m −2 ∂
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Der Reflexionsfaktor D beschreibt d
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Rotationsellipsoide Eine komplexere
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Dipolmomente der der ideal leitende
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Die Spulen im Gerät bestehen in Wi
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Abbildung 10: Ortsphasenkurven übe
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mit der kommerziellen Software FEML
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Gehäuse und eine Sprengstofffüllu
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Abb. 10: Profil über eine Kugel un
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für Elektrotechnik der Universitä
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sind die genaue Anzahl der Wicklung
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Inversion von Felddaten Im Rahmen d
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Abbildung 16: Anpassung der gewicht
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Resolution and depth of investigati
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R m i 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01
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λ i 10 5 10 0 10 −5 10 −10 sin
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Zeitreihenauswertung von NMR Messun
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• Ein Störsignal am Ort der Basi
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B Y B X Reference Loops Receiver AD
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Amplitude /V Amplitude /V Amplitude
Page 237 and 238: Diskussion und Ausblick Einerseits
Page 239 and 240: Topography Parameter mesh Primary f
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Page 243 and 244: Sophisticated constraints Underwate
Page 245 and 246: Ellis, R. G. and Oldenburg, D. W. (
Page 247 and 248: 2. Frequenzabhängigkeiten B n z wi
Page 249 and 250: durch die magnetische Aktivität be
Page 251 and 252: Frequenzverhältnis abgeleiteten An
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Page 257 and 258: mantle anisotropy same background c
Page 259 and 260: imately 160km. The first 10km thick
Page 261 and 262: Uniform Deflection of Induction Vec
Page 263 and 264: can plates. It may be speculated th
Page 265 and 266: Fig. 4a: 2-D anisotropic model yiel
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Page 271 and 272: Fig. 4 2-D Model calculated with th
Page 273 and 274: 36.2°N 36.0°N 35.8°N SAFOD Parkf
Page 275 and 276: ¥§¦ App. Resistivity (ohm−m) P
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Page 279 and 280: 0311 0310 0308 0309 0307 0306 0021
Page 281 and 282: Outlook After adopting the finite e
Page 283 and 284: 0 5 10 15 20 25 A 30 10 N 20 30 40
Page 285 and 286: Figure 5: With a simple 2D model we
Page 287: An Amphibious Magnetotelluric Exper
Page 291 and 292: Transfer functions Analysis of the
Page 293 and 294: Fig. 7b: Induction vectors for 3277
Page 295 and 296: Untersuchungen der Bremerhaven-Cuxh
Page 297 and 298: Hubschrauber-Elektromagnetik (HEM)
Page 299 and 300: Messgebiet Wanhöden Die Bremerhave
Page 301 and 302: Depth [m] 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Page 303 and 304: Um die Inversionsergebnisse richtig
Page 305 and 306: Geoelektrische Tiefensondierungen
Page 307 and 308: Faustformel kann hier eine Eindring
Page 309 and 310: Beim gezeigten Modell treten zwei d
Page 311 and 312: Einleitung Messung der TEM-Antwort
Page 313 and 314: Dipole nimmt mit der Größe des Ko
Page 315 and 316: Induzierte Spannung (normiert) V/A*
Page 317 and 318: Tiefe in m 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 St
Page 319 and 320: Investigation of the Groundwater Re
Page 321 and 322: The Eiseb Graben was exclusively se
Page 323 and 324: Figure 3: TEM sounding and 1d inver
Page 325 and 326: that performed by INTERCONSULT (199
Page 327 and 328: old age and was recharged under dif
Page 329 and 330: KLOCK, H. (2001): Hydrogeology of t
Page 331 and 332: Figure 1: Survey area on the Cascad
Page 333 and 334: Figure 4: Data along profile 4 as l
Page 335 and 336: Vent Field The vent field is charac
Page 337 and 338: Recent drilling results at IODP sit
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sounding: Hydrate without a BSR? Ge
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Abb. 1: Schematische Darstellung de
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Abb. 7: Vergleich der FDR- und Geor
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Applicability of RMT, VES and Dual
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Profile 5 Profile 6 Profile 3 Profi
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According to the latter, one has to
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Figure 6: HLEM raw data: Iphase and
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6WRQHOH\ ZDYH LQGXFHG HOHFWURNLQHWL
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1991). I n this case wave propagati
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to m easure the density, consists o
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7DEOH 3K\VLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI WZR VD
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Using a finite elem ent code (Pain
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experim entally that NEF is a funct
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Umbau von MAGSON-Magnetometern und
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Abb. 3 Elektronik in Operation Link
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Die magn. Flussdichte in Richtung d
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a) b) * Ursache EDL, Speichervorgan
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(a) (b) Abbildung 1: a) Prototyp ei
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γ und Gleichung (8) mit einer vekt
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Sonde Bewegungsrichtung der horizon
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] m [ z Sondenelektroden: TX RX k r
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Geophysikalische Erkundung des Kohl
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Die Vertikalsektion des spezifische
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Abb. 5: Vertikalsektion des spezifi
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Abb. 8: Anomalien des Magnetfeldes
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Gleichstromgeoelektrische Untersuch
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Abb. 1: Lage der Profile und Nummer
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Der spezifische Widerstand von Salz
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Maximum-Norm-Abweichung (L ∞ -Nor
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Abb. 4: Sondierungskurve (ρs -Kurv
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Vergleich von geoelektrischen und H
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Fig. 7: Comparison of HEM inversion
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von 21% und eine lsq-Abweichung von
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A. & STOLL, J. (Hrsg.): Protokoll
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