Growth and physical properties of crystalline rubrene - BOA Bicocca ...

Contents
Introduction vii
1 Organic semiconductors 1
1.1 Organic molecular solids: an introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Organic molecular crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Small-molecule organic semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3.1 Optical properties of organic semiconductors . . . . . 4
1.3.2 Electrical transport properties of organic semiconductors 8
2 Rubrene: physical and chemical properties 11
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 The molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 Crystalline rubrene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4 Transport properties of crystalline rubrene . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.5 Optical properties of crystalline rubrene . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.6 Oxidation of crystalline rubrene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.7 Growth of rubrene thin films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 Experimental techniques 27
3.1 Sample preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1.1 Crystal growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.1.2 Thin film growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.2 Sample characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2.1 Atomic Force Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.2.2 X-ray Diffraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42