Growth and physical properties of crystalline rubrene - BOA Bicocca ...

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iv Contents 4 Rubrene thin films 47 4.1 Organic epitaxy: an overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.2 Rubrene thin films on tetracene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.2.1 The substrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.2.2 Growth of rubrene thin films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.2.3 AFM characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.2.4 Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements . . . 52 4.3 Rubrene thin films on α-4T films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.3.1 Growth of α-4T on KAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.3.2 Rubrene thin films growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 5 Oxidation dynamics of rubrene epitaxial thin films 79 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.2 Growth of rubrene thin films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.3.1 Film morphology and time evolution . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.4 Surface potential measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 5.5 Rubrene endoperoxide crystals and their electrostatic properties 90 5.5.1 Growth and structural characterization of rubrene endoperoxide crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5.5.2 Electrostatic properties of rubrene endoperoxide crystalline molecular layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 5.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.7 Further evidence of the process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.7.1 X-ray diffraction measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.7.2 Absorption spectra evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 5.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 6 Oxygen and electrical transport in crystalline rubrene 101 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6.2 Substituted rubrenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6.2.1 Crystal structure of rubrene derivatives . . . . . . . . 106 6.3 Dark current measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 6.4 Photoconductivity measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 6.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Contents v Conclusions and Perspectives 117 Bibliography 121 PhD activity 133
Page 1: Università degli Studi di Milano-B
Page 6 and 7: vi Contents
Page 8 and 9: viii Introduction ties of these mat
Page 10 and 11: x Introduction molecular oxygen inc
Page 12 and 13: 2 Organic semiconductors Figure 1.1
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46 Experimental techniques whole di
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48 Rubrene thin films for a long ti
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50 Rubrene thin films Parameter Val
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56 Rubrene thin films present in th
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58 Rubrene thin films Figure 4.6: T
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60 Rubrene thin films Figure 4.7: M
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62 Rubrene thin films for a rubrene
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118 Conclusions and Perspectives On
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120 Conclusions and Perspectives
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122 Bibliography [13] D. A. Bernard
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124 Bibliography [41] V. Coropceanu
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126 Bibliography [71] A. J. Maliaka
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128 Bibliography [101] C. Kittel, I
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130 Bibliography [130] D. Beljonne,
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132 Bibliography
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134 PhD activity Attended courses
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