NATURAL ENGAGEMENTS AND ECOLOGICAL AESTHETICS ...

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y employing the continuous infixes –ju- or –ra-, respectively). Not only does this sound more natural in English but it also more accurately captures the aspectually durative nature of the action which is evident from context but is not marked by verbal inflection (cf. Nuckolls 1996: 44). I do not always transcribe a given word in the same way twice. The idea that a given word in a language corresponds to a specific object and that, furthermore, that word-object relation has an equivalent in another language, is a fallacy of naïve realism (see Chapter Two). Many Quichua words refer to a range of meanings that are best captured by more than one word in English. I try to give a sense of this –where I feel it is appropriate– by using different words to translate a given Quichua term or phrase if it occurs repeatedly. Speakers consciously use glottal stops, vowel elongations, and suppressed word parts. When possible and appropriate, I try to give a sense of how these affect speech style by incorpo- rating them in the English version. I translate questions in Quichua with a question mark -“?”. However, I do not use this sign in the original. Questions in Quichua are often marked using suffixes and the intonation pattern is often quite different from the English; a use of the question mark in the original text might be misleading and, accordingly, I avoid it. I generally do not translate phatic interjections. The following are some that occur most frequently: chi or chai (there), ye or ya, from yanga, similar to “no way” in English, hm or mhm, similar to the English equivalents, and áha (really?). I use brackets to add information necessary for understanding the passage that would be clear to Quichua-speaking listeners familiar with the context of the material being presented. I also use brackets to indicate some of my own commentaries (e.g., [meaning unclear]) or to unpack the meanings of terms that have no straightforward translation and are repeated in bold in the English version. A question mark in parenthesis –(?)– indicates that I am unsure of my translation. I have tried to make these translations as accurate as possible. In many cases my inter- 36
pretation of the meaning of the original has been checked in the field with Ávila Quichua speakers. But I accept that there may well be errors of interpretation. Hunting Peccaries MA: (spoken relatively softly) huasha then (the first word with rising intonation in the vowel “i––” and then falling intonation in the next syllable “lla”) ali––lla shamuni slowly I’m coming LA: chai MA: shamu- and as I came • (the first word with rising intonation) “pa-” yarcá- “wow,” I thought LA: hm MA: mhm • 37
Page 1 and 2: NATURAL ENGAGEMENTS AND ECOLOGICAL
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Acknowledgments i
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements My field research
Page 7: QCAZ, and D. Roubick (STRI) for det
Page 10 and 11: emerge. Because Ávila has been inv
Page 12 and 13: chapter -The Aesthetic of the Immed
Page 14 and 15: ting that the fifth chapter focuses
Page 16 and 17: onment, ecological knowledge appear
Page 18 and 19: ly organized in chiefdoms and inhab
Page 20 and 21: Road building is one of the major p
Page 22 and 23: Of all the Runa communities of the
Page 24 and 25: elaborate feasts until the 1970s, t
Page 26 and 27: Communal meetings are often moments
Page 28 and 29: my intention Ávila certainly would
Page 30 and 31: of sources. For example, my discuss
Page 32 and 33: as well as twenty-four specimens of
Page 34 and 35: Introduction Chapter One The Aesthe
Page 36 and 37: self-awareness of experience -in a
Page 38 and 39: cated by the statements of the afor
Page 40 and 41: turning specifically to his words i
Page 42 and 43: present the entire portion before a
Page 46 and 47: unailla huasha after a long time LA
Page 48 and 49: LA: hm MA: uraijurcani huaicumanta
Page 50 and 51: ú’-nailla car- it was an é’-t
Page 52 and 53: cuyú’ cuyú’ when cuyú’ cuy
Page 54 and 55: LA: (laughing a little) ahá MA: (s
Page 56 and 57: This change in volume constitutes a
Page 58 and 59: MA: shaya’-ráni shayarán- I’m
Page 60 and 61: casna shinamanda it was like just l
Page 62 and 63: huahuata nipi ichillata nipi young
Page 64 and 65: (in rapid clipped succession) huahu
Page 66 and 67: Hunting stories, I claim, are about
Page 68 and 69: framework in which meaning and know
Page 70 and 71: (provoking both to laugh) “micún
Page 72 and 73: It is the position and shape of the
Page 74 and 75: ience in ways that are both precise
Page 76 and 77: a sense of the rich meaning that th
Page 78 and 79: Turner’s approach is equally appl
Page 80 and 81: perceptual experience. By imitating
Page 82 and 83: Introduction Chapter Two The Leaf T
Page 84 and 85: which it went, Lucio commented alil
Page 86 and 87: these animals vis-à-vis other taxa
Page 88 and 89: ecause they are “in their place
Page 90 and 91: eating the meat of animals classifi
Page 92 and 93: yuyu is an apt term for this plant
Page 94 and 95:
eral problems with Berlin’s model
Page 96 and 97:
cy between an evolutionary pattern
Page 98 and 99:
provides for the possibility of see
Page 100 and 101:
models to capture it. Furthermore,
Page 102 and 103:
sometimes beyond our power to recog
Page 104 and 105:
grow from buds. So, from an evoluti
Page 106 and 107:
illan”). According to herpetologi
Page 108 and 109:
gu uras. Invertebrates yana dahuanu
Page 110 and 111:
that the ants will soon take flight
Page 112 and 113:
pering so as not to be heard by the
Page 114 and 115:
tinguished for knowledge to be poss
Page 116 and 117:
Introduction Chapter Three The Pers
Page 118 and 119:
ple, in describing how the giant an
Page 120 and 121:
one as well. Otherwise it will suff
Page 122 and 123:
LJ: paicunaca chundarucucashina “
Page 124 and 125:
HJ: uctupi yes, in the hollow chi u
Page 126 and 127:
Although this kind of private perfo
Page 128 and 129:
secting flows, on the other. Throug
Page 130 and 131:
alculla uyarirca “hua hua hua”
Page 132 and 133:
“causachu” yani “is she alive
Page 134 and 135:
Perspectivism and Everyday Aestheti
Page 136 and 137:
that he could predict that Ascencio
Page 138 and 139:
adult hunters and the manioc beer p
Page 140 and 141:
LJ: shinata that’s how it is ishp
Page 142 and 143:
“casna tucunga” nin “that’s
Page 144 and 145:
gustu ali […] beautiful and good
Page 146 and 147:
(innocently, with rising voice simi
Page 148 and 149:
It seems that the Ávila Runa take
Page 150 and 151:
the relationship between knowledge
Page 152 and 153:
Ecosemiotics The Runa attempt to un
Page 154 and 155:
ly, speaking with lies) and the sta
Page 156 and 157:
the Runa find what they consider to
Page 158 and 159:
Lucio, however, did not immediately
Page 160 and 161:
is expressly frowned upon by the mi
Page 162 and 163:
Metaphoric Ecology The Bat is dun,
Page 164 and 165:
distinctive feature of having promi
Page 166 and 167:
used in Ávila. If metaphoric ecolo
Page 168 and 169:
irds are known to eat snakes and he
Page 170 and 171:
allowed to handle blowgun poison fo
Page 172 and 173:
nanachin”). In similar fashion, a
Page 174 and 175:
is not based on morphological simil
Page 176 and 177:
Another example of the way in which
Page 178 and 179:
Although not explicitly stated as s
Page 180 and 181:
Introduction Chapter Five How Dogs
Page 182 and 183:
Ávila have diverging -and sometime
Page 184 and 185:
diameter that is known in Ávila as
Page 186 and 187:
jaguar. According to Ventura, the j
Page 188 and 189:
house, including myself, had been s
Page 190 and 191:
without the ability to understand t
Page 192 and 193:
(“yuyaita cun”) by means of the
Page 194 and 195:
Throughout this section I have comp
Page 196 and 197:
through this medium, so too will th
Page 198 and 199:
A process of “displacement” of
Page 200 and 201:
diately suspected that this jaguar
Page 202 and 203:
supai demon (with rising intonation
Page 204 and 205:
pa- damn mana tucllachihuarcachu it
Page 206 and 207:
(in a serious tone) AA: mana yachai
Page 208 and 209:
LJ: canmi sagras cangui no, you did
Page 210 and 211:
sumption of the remains of ancestor
Page 212 and 213:
Finally, dogs, jaguars, and people
Page 214 and 215:
Hilario’s, two had exotic names.
Page 216 and 217:
The use of tsita has been reported
Page 218 and 219:
As Ventura poured the liquid, Punte
Page 220 and 221:
access game meat via their fathers
Page 222 and 223:
is done in large part because the a
Page 224 and 225:
Similar challenges of selective com
Page 226 and 227:
their own souls, humans do not usua
Page 228 and 229:
controls the beings, processes, and
Page 230 and 231:
My dream touches on several issues
Page 232 and 233:
often cultivate relationships with
Page 234 and 235:
Fabian commented to me that he had
Page 236 and 237:
This was composed of thirty or so c
Page 238 and 239:
of the game masters he was afraid t
Page 240 and 241:
the various agropastoral endeavors
Page 242 and 243:
Paradise The utopian qualities of t
Page 244 and 245:
Runa to form cosmologies that are i
Page 246 and 247:
from God and his punishments, the R
Page 248 and 249:
dogs that led him to the animal, fo
Page 250 and 251:
ing at animals that are classified
Page 252 and 253:
tive from which to experience it. I
Page 254 and 255:
etween a chestnut and an avocado wh
Page 256 and 257:
woman after first noting that the h
Page 258 and 259:
For some, the remnants of this fail
Page 260 and 261:
putes and sell pita fiber. Hilario
Page 262 and 263:
as tambu or purina chagra), to whic
Page 264 and 265:
In the 1920s, especially in the reg
Page 266 and 267:
(Gianotti 1997). For example, the H
Page 268 and 269:
y a White, did not want to risk pas
Page 270 and 271:
ened by the fact that Ávila has of
Page 272 and 273:
of an extractive economy that must
Page 274 and 275:
like the policeman, have the accout
Page 276 and 277:
itation—the fact that the soul wi
Page 278 and 279:
that power by disrobing them. Indee
Page 280 and 281:
his nose. Another the lip plug (la
Page 282 and 283:
a bottle of the alcoholic beverage
Page 284 and 285:
call chompeto. A woman who lacks th
Page 286 and 287:
uses in Ávila, Macdonald, writing
Page 288 and 289:
clothing is seen to capture the pow
Page 290 and 291:
Although Reeve is right to point ou
Page 292 and 293:
churasca that’s what it was weari
Page 294 and 295:
(rapidly in staccato bursts) p h u
Page 296 and 297:
If robes were seen by Amazonians as
Page 298 and 299:
the perspectival model I presented
Page 300 and 301:
“therefore, I’ll be able to mak
Page 302 and 303:
or leader of the flock, to its jint
Page 304 and 305:
(Villavicencio 1984 [1858]: 358). T
Page 306 and 307:
(apustul) have become central to lo
Page 308 and 309:
Here, befitting of culture heroes,
Page 310 and 311:
of the important 1578 uprising in w
Page 312 and 313:
whiteness and power do not map easi
Page 314 and 315:
with a “trus” and how the man w
Page 316 and 317:
white face, feet, and hands, the re
Page 318 and 319:
Priests If blood drinking has becom
Page 320 and 321:
this way he could deny drinking it
Page 322 and 323:
they meet. Remarking upon a visit h
Page 324 and 325:
Chapter Eight Historical Process: C
Page 326 and 327:
Gow is concerned primarily with the
Page 328 and 329:
do not want white men; this white m
Page 330 and 331:
ing him one of my pipes to smoke, a
Page 332 and 333:
with pagans in the strict sense of
Page 334 and 335:
means of which, “native people tr
Page 336 and 337:
in an identical fashion during grea
Page 338 and 339:
(hammer of the dead) is a kind of n
Page 340 and 341:
ple have long forgotten it. One kin
Page 342 and 343:
itten”) (“canishcashina yachin
Page 344 and 345:
Introduction Chapter Nine Strategie
Page 346 and 347:
their ability to access the power s
Page 348 and 349:
to provide during my field work per
Page 350 and 351:
elationships are deemed unacceptabl
Page 352 and 353:
imperative statement, “punguta ta
Page 354 and 355:
Runa, as Anne-Christine Taylor has
Page 356 and 357:
“Witholding the animals, they don
Page 358 and 359:
ñuca illapisca even when I’m gon
Page 360 and 361:
punja-n a shi-ny clearing quihua th
Page 362 and 363:
(indicating with his hands) entiru
Page 364 and 365:
states: “they will then have mani
Page 366 and 367:
tya [sound symbolic adverb imitatin
Page 368 and 369:
“can imasna imata sin rahuan nin
Page 370 and 371:
with at the moment—I would be tre
Page 372 and 373:
ear a striking resemblance to the 1
Page 374 and 375:
When he was first establishing this
Page 376 and 377:
have a foolish belief, that many of
Page 378 and 379:
their victims by placing their cupp
Page 380 and 381:
would like to be—one that is not
Page 382 and 383:
Anthurium sect. Pteromischum sp. no
Page 384 and 385:
tor, their canines are used to admi
Page 386 and 387:
Another domain that is thought of i
Page 388 and 389:
though they are fertile in the bush
Page 390 and 391:
their realm. When he was finally re
Page 392 and 393:
nature, like an orchard, provides t
Page 394 and 395:
Another area in which mercantile te
Page 396 and 397:
other food in return for permission
Page 398 and 399:
used to access the goods of the cit
Page 400 and 401:
example, symbolism, my goal was to
Page 402 and 403:
In Chapter Three -The Perpectival A
Page 404 and 405:
The sixth chapter -The World of the
Page 406 and 407:
the recognition of partiality and s
Page 408 and 409:
of change; this, I think, is why th
Page 410 and 411:
should not make this approach in an
Page 412 and 413:
non-native understandings of nature
Page 414 and 415:
often expressed using a botanical i
Page 416 and 417:
weapons and animals, then it is lik
Page 418 and 419:
tion shows how ecosemiotics and per
Page 420 and 421:
Apocynaceae supai chuchu 1817 Apocy
Page 422 and 423:
Asteraceae mariposa quihua 2448 Ast
Page 424 and 425:
Caricaceae Jacartia tamburu 1914 Ce
Page 426 and 427:
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha panguiju 254
Page 428 and 429:
Fabaceae-Mimosoideae Inga urcu paca
Page 430 and 431:
Icacinaceae Metteniusa tessmanniana
Page 432 and 433:
Meliaceae Cabralea canjerana (Vell.
Page 434 and 435:
Myrsinaceae Cybianthus chini curu p
Page 436 and 437:
Poaceae Panicum maximum Jacq. cabal
Page 438 and 439:
Rubiaceae Randia acha caspi 2449 Ru
Page 440 and 441:
Solanaceae Solanum straminofolium J
Page 442 and 443:
Undetermined sapallu muyu 2108 Unde
Page 444 and 445:
Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Turb
Page 446 and 447:
Coleoptera Cerambycidae ichila cung
Page 448 and 449:
Diptera sanga 13 Diptera bunbu 153
Page 450 and 451:
Hymenoptera Formicidae dundu añang
Page 452 and 453:
Odonata Zygoptera yacu shanga 302 O
Page 454 and 455:
mundiran garapata Metastigmata ali
Page 456 and 457:
Siluriformes? llambiru, yambiru 2*
Page 458 and 459:
Suborder Amphisbaenia (Worm Lizards
Page 460 and 461:
Order Gymnophiona (Legless Amphibia
Page 462 and 463:
Rodentia Agoutidae Agouti paca huan
Page 464 and 465:
something on the ground and not up
Page 466 and 467:
as that used in Ávila: the leaves
Page 468 and 469:
dream interpretation in Ávila. 35
Page 470 and 471:
y a Spanish loan that, in its origi
Page 472 and 473:
By the 1760s the parish of Ávila i
Page 474 and 475:
72 At least one woman still paints
Page 476 and 477:
83 These include: chiquiri tuta pis
Page 478 and 479:
At the beginning of the 1800s Ávil
Page 480 and 481:
Basso, Ellen 1992 The Implications
Page 482 and 483:
Cartmill, Matt 2000 The Problem of
Page 484 and 485:
— New Press. — 1996a The Spears
Page 486 and 487:
Figueroa, Francisco de Friedrich, P
Page 488 and 489:
Hilty, Steven L., and William L. Br
Page 490 and 491:
— 1989 Succesion Management and R
Page 492 and 493:
Mannheim, Bruce 1992 [1987] A Semio
Page 494 and 495:
Muratorio, Blanca 1987 Rucuyaya Alo
Page 496 and 497:
Perú Presentados á S. M. el Real
Page 498 and 499:
Cultivation. In Beyond the Visible
Page 500 and 501:
Stevenson, W.B. 1825 A Historical a
Page 502 and 503:
Villavicencio, Manuel Nacional. 198
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