helminth ichthyo-parasitic fauna of a south african sub-tropical lake ...

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A B uterus with eggs and larvae uterus with eggs and larvae intestine 200 µm anus anal processes C D 200 µm Figure 3E.1 Procamallanus laevionchus (Wedl, 1861) - A posterior end B anterior end C & D female reproductive system vulva vagina 208 buccal capsule nerve ring muscular oesophagus glandular oesophagus ovary oviduct intestine
The photographs of the above are shown in Plate 32. The female worms in this study (n=5) have a length range (6.5-8.7 mm) comparable with the range (7.0-8.9 mm) found by Boomker (1982) and the range (6.2-8.9 mm) found by Barson & Avenant- Oldewage (2006b). According to Paperna (1996), even though infections by P. laevionchus are abundant and heavy (up to 20 or more) none were reported as pathogenic in respect of their buccal capsule attachment to the stomach or intestinal lining. 2 Genus Paracamallanus York and Maplestone, 1926 According to Yamaguti (1961), the generic diagnosis is as follows: “Camallanidae: Closely resembling Camallanus but differing in the presence of a large chitinous buccal cavity or pharynx behind buccal valves. Parasites of fishes”. Only two species occur in freshwater fishes of Tropical Asia whilst one species occurs in African freshwater fish. Like Procamallanus, it is absent in Europe, North and South America and Australia where only related genera (Camallanus & Spirocamallanus) are present (Stromberg & Crites 1974). 2.1 Paracamallanus cyathopharynx Baylis, 1923 African studies on the species (Baylis 1923; Campana-Rouget 1961; Myers et al. 1962; Khalil 1969; Vassiliades 1970, 1972; Moravec 1974a & b; Mashego 1977; Fahmy et al. 1978; Shotter, R. A. 1980; Mashego & Saayman 1981; Boomker 1982, 1994; Imam & El-askalany 1990; Mashego et al. 1991; Chishawa 1991; Douëllou 1992; Akinsanya & Otubanjo 2006; Akinsanya et al. 2007; Barson et al. 2008; Mwita & Nkwengulila 2008; Moyo et al. 2009; Madanire-Moyo & Barson 2010; Madanire- Moyo et al. 2010) have found only Paracamallanus cyathopharynx as the only species of African freshwater fishes. Ayanda (2008, 2009a & b) have found Paracamallanus sp. in Nigeria but this might have been P. cyathopharynx. 209
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HELMINTH ICHTHYO-PARASITIC FAUNA OF
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DECLARATION I declare that the thes
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DEDICATION In Loving Memory of my l
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Gryporhynchidae. The nematodes disc
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 2
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1 Genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923
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Figure 3D.3 Ligula intestinalis Goe
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LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS
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Research boat in Lake Tzaneen xiv
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1.1 HELMINTHOLOGY OF AFRICAN FRESHW
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1.2 HELMINTHOLOGY OF SOUTH AFRICAN
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(organ) record. The study also pave
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CONTENTS HEADING PAGE 2.1 STUDY ARE
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Figure 2.2 A map of Lake Tzaneen sh
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Features of the lake The features o
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More than 90% of the minimum and ma
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Order : Siluriformes Suborder : Sil
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Schilbe intermedius Ruppell, 1832 C
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Labeo molybdinus Du Plessis, 1963 L
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Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1896)
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Killing of hosts At the field labor
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Storage of parasites The parasites
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Taking water quality readings 27
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Examining hosts for parasites in th
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3A.1 INTRODUCTION There are many ca
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Digenea Glossidium pedatum C. garie
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The 12 species present do not inclu
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6 Barbus unitaeniatus Gunther, 1866
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12 Chetia flaviventris Trewavas, 19
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3A.3 DISCUSSION The aquatic environ
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In parasites with indirect life cyc
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Mashego (1977) (n=337) recorded the
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Many African studies (Mbahinzireki
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will be a decrease in the number of
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Gills habour monogeneans 57
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7 Genus Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960
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placing some of the dactylogyroids
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3B.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1 Genus
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Table 3B.1 Measurements (in µm) of
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lazera with two from Clarias gariep
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2.2 Macrogyrodactylus karibae (Doue
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Gyrodactylus rysavyi haptor - a. an
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(new sp.). The scheme below (figure
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DESCRIPTION (measurements in µm) B
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3.4 Dactylogyrus sp. 2 (new species
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3.5 Dactylogyrus sp.3 (new species)
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Figure 3B.10 Dactylogyrus sp. 4 - H
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This parasite was described from Ba
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from Dactylogyrus sp. 1 from Dactyl
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c c b a b a haptor copulatory organ
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haptor a copulatory organ Dactylogy
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4 Genus Dogielius Bychowsky, 1936 A
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4.2 Dogielius sp. There were only t
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Figure 3B.17 Schilbetrema quadricor
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6 Genus Quadriacanthus Paperna, 196
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Table 3B.14 Measurements (in µm) o
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a haptor copulatory organ Quadriaca
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7 Genus Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960
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7.1 Cichlidogyrus dossoui Douëllou
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The accessory piece is massive, S-s
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Cichlidogyrus philander is a relati
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The species occasionally occurred o
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Figure 3B.25 Cichlidogyrus sclerosu
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7.6 Cichlidogyrus tilapiae Paperna,
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In this investigation the species w
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Cichlidogyrus halli Cichlidogyrus t
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e a b haptor c d copulatory organ C
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8 Genus Scutogyrus Pariselle & Euze
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Figure 3B.29 Actinocleidus fusiform
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10 Genus Haplocleidus Mueller, 1937
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Figure 3B.31 Acolpenteron ureteroec
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haptor copulatory organ Actinocleid
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The taxonomical account of individu
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CONTENTS HEADING PAGE 3C.1 INTRODUC
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Differential diagnosis is difficult
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mouth cerebral ganglion cirrus metr
Page 176 and 177: Fischthal (1973) redescribed this p
Page 178 and 179: a. mouth b. pharynx c. seminal vesi
Page 180 and 181: 2 Genus Diplostomum van Nordmann, 1
Page 182 and 183: mouth pharynx intestinal caecum for
Page 184 and 185: (1982) and were thus compared (tabl
Page 186 and 187: a. oral sucker b. pseudosucker c. v
Page 188 and 189: a. contracted b. elongated Plate 24
Page 190 and 191: The life cycle of Clinostomum requi
Page 192 and 193: uterus membranous capsule canal col
Page 194 and 195: mouth recurrent canal 500 µm colle
Page 196 and 197: d c a. mouth b. ventral sucker c. u
Page 198 and 199: 3C.4 GENERAL DISCUSSION There have
Page 200 and 201: Armed with hooks or Armed with eggs
Page 202 and 203: 3D.1 INTRODUCTION Cestoda are flatw
Page 204 and 205: 1.1 Proteocephalus glanduligerus (J
Page 206 and 207: a b c a. scolex b. glandular organ
Page 208 and 209: In South Africa this species was fo
Page 210 and 211: a c e g a. scolex b. hooks c. bothr
Page 212 and 213: In this study the plerocercoids wer
Page 214 and 215: a. anterior end with scolex b. midd
Page 216 and 217: cyst wall b hooks embryo Figure 3D.
Page 218 and 219: Table 3D.1 Measurements (in μm) of
Page 220 and 221: The encysted metacestode (figure 3D
Page 222 and 223: CONTENTS HEADING PAGE 3E.1 INTRODUC
Page 224 and 225: of Clarias gariepinus and Paracamal
Page 228 and 229: Baylis (1923) gave the species diag
Page 230 and 231: cuticular ribs buccal capsule muscu
Page 232 and 233: A 200 µm Figure 3E.3 Contracaecum
Page 234 and 235: to match a larva to an adult. In ca
Page 236 and 237: anterior end posterior end larvae i
Page 238 and 239: Contests for a home in the intestin
Page 240 and 241: 3F.1 INTRODUCTION The Acanthocephal
Page 242 and 243: 1.1 Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) ti
Page 244 and 245: c male male anterior b a male middl
Page 246 and 247: Sunrise or Sunset? Life goes on for
Page 248 and 249: 4.1 FISH PARASITOLOGY GLOBALLY The
Page 250 and 251: Paperna, 1960) were also later iden
Page 252 and 253: monogeneans and one cestode are spe
Page 254 and 255: 4.5 MAJOR CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDA
Page 256 and 257: 4.7 CONCLUSION It is believed that
Page 258 and 259: ADEROUNMU, E.A. & ADENIYI, F. 1972.
Page 260 and 261: AYANDA, O.I. 2009b. Comparison of p
Page 262 and 263: BAYLIS, H.A. 1948. A new acanthocep
Page 264 and 265: BOOMKER, J. 1982. Parasites of Sout
Page 266 and 267: BRITZ, J., VAN AS, J.G. & SAAYMAN,
Page 268 and 269: DOSSOU, C. & BIRGI, E. 1984. Monog
Page 270 and 271: EL-NAGGAR, M.M. & SERAG, H.M. 1987.
Page 272 and 273: GROBBELAAR, A., VAN AS, L.L. & BUTL
Page 274 and 275: HOBERG, P.E., JONES, A. & BRAY, R.A
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JONES, A. 1980. Proteocephalus pent
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KHALIL, L.F. 1971a. Check List of t
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LOMBARD, G.L. 1960. A preliminary s
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MARCOGLIESE, D.J. 2002. Food webs a
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MBAHINZIREKI, G.B. 1980. Observatio
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MUELLER, J.F. 1934. Parasites of On
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ONIYE, S.J., ADEBOTE, D.A. & AYANDA
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PARISELLE, A. & EUZET, L. 1995b. Sc
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PRICE, C.E. & PIKE, T. 1969. The mo
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ROHDE, K., HAYWARD, C. & HEAP, M. 1
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SPROSTON, N.G. 1946. A synopsis of
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VAN AS, J.G., SCHOONBEE, H.J. & BRA
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Addendum 1a Measurements (in µm) o
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Addendum 2b Dactylogyrus sp. 2 (thi
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Addendum 6 Monogenea of the genus D
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Addendum 8 Monogenea of the genus D
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helminth ichthyo-parasitic fauna of a south african sub-tropical lake ...

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