Broadening Horizons 3. Conference of Young Researchers - Khalili ...

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Broadening Horizons 3 F. Borrell, M. Bouso, A. Gómez, C. Tornero & O. Vicente (eds.) Figure 4: Central bi-directional blade (1), end-scraper (2), dihedral burin (3), opposed-platforms core (4) and broken Byblos point (5). 001-352 Broadening horizons.indd 89 17/07/2012 16:38:50 89
90 Ferran Borrell and Oriol Vicente Sourcing the flint raw materials found at the Neolithic complex of Mamarrul Nasr (Douara Basin, Syria) rul .Nasr . 1 .The .relative .date .(no .C14 .dates .were .avaliable .at .this .point .in .the .research) . of .Mamarrul .Nasr, .was .established .at .between .the .end .of .the .8 th .millennium .cal . .BC . and .the .first .quarter .of .the .7 th .millennium .cal . .BC .(Late-Final .PPNB) .(Borrell .2011; . Borrell .et .al . .2011) . .This, .together .with .the .apparent .absence .of .both .earlier .and .later .occupation, .led .to .the .proposal .that .there .was .a .certain .degree .of .contemporaneity . between .the .sites .and .suggested .that .Mamarrul .Nasr .was .a .Neolithic .complex .comprising .a .series .of .different .types .of .inter-related .sites, .where .flint .tool .production . was .an .important .activity . Comparison .of .the .lithic .assemblages .from .Mamarrul .Nasr .and .those .found .by . the .University .of .Tokyo .(Akazawa .1979a; .1979b) .in .the .Douara .Basin .and .Palmyra . region .indicated .that .they .were .extremely .similar .and .that .the .high .number .of .Neolithic .flint .factory .sites .discovered .during .the .1960s .and .1970s .in .the .Douara .and . Palmyra .basins .(Akazawa .1979b) .constituted .part .of .the .same .specific .techno-complex .(Borrell .2011; .Borrell .et .al . .2011) . 3. Geological framework and flint availability in the Douara Basin The .Jebel .Douara .is .a .horseshoe-shaped .range .of .mountains, .which .open .out .toward . the .east . .These .mountains .enclose .the .Douara .Basin .which .has .been .eroded .by .the . action .of .Wadi .Khawabi .El-Kharrar .and .Wadi .Jaria, .along .the .axis .of .a .Paleogene . limestone .dome .structure . .The .upper .and .lower .parts .of .the .hill .slopes .are .formed .of . Eocene .limestone .and .Paleocene .Eocene .marls .respectively .(Sakaguchi .1978; .1987) . . Based . on . geomorphological . evidence, . the . climate . of . the . Palmyra . district . since . 600,000 .BP .has .fluctuated .between .semi-arid .and .semi-humid .environments . .The . hypothesis .that .lakes .occupied .the .Palmyra .Basin .in .the .past .was .made .during .the . mid .1970s .and .the .beginning .of .the .1980s .(Sakaguchi .1987) . .It .was .suggested .that . lakes .existed .until .at .least .7000 .cal . .BC .and .Lake .B .probably .disappeared .around . 6000 .cal . .BC .and .after .this .the .Palmyra .Basin .evolved .to .a .playa, .in .which .temporary . lakes .were .sometimes .formed .and .the .climate .became .similar .to .that .of .the .present . day .(Sakaguchi .1978; .1987) . The .Douara .and .Palmyra .basins .delineate .a .region .which .has .extensive .and .accessible .flint .deposits . .The .central .Palmyrides .region .of .Syria .contains .two .major .geological .flint .horizons: .the .Middle .Eocene .Arak .Flint .horizon .and .the .Upper .Cretaceous .R’mah .flint .horizon .(Brew .et .al . .2001; .Julig .et .al . .2007; .Long, .Julig .2007) . . These .two .flint .types .have .similar .geological .origins, .having .formed .on .the .same .type . 1 . . Reconstruction .of .the .opposed-platform .knapping .sequence .from .Mamarrul .Nasr .2 .has .contributed .to . the .understanding .of .bi-directional .technology .in .the .Northern .Levant .and .the .context .in .which .this .specific . lithic .production .was .undertaken, .as .well .as .the .knappers, .knapping .expertise .and .the .transmission .of .knowledge .(Borrell .2011) . 001-352 Broadening horizons.indd 90 17/07/2012 16:38:50
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Broadening Horizons 3. Conference of Young Researchers - Khalili ...

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