the effects of oxidizers on the diameters of the carbon nanotubes ...

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Dedicated to; My lovely family For being always with me! vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ IX LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... XIV CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. CARBON NANOTUBES ......................................................................... 3 2.1. Carbon Structures .................................................................................... 3 2.2. Carbon Nanotubes ................................................................................... 5 2.2.1. Historical Background ....................................................................... 5 2.2.2. Types <strong>of</strong> Carbon Nanotubes .............................................................. 5 2.2.2.1. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube ............................................. 5 2.2.2.2. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube .............................................. 6 2.2.3. Classification <strong>of</strong> Carbon Nanotubes .................................................. 7 2.3. Carbon Nanotube Syn<strong>the</strong>sis Methods ..................................................... 9 2.3.1. Arc-Discharge Method .................................................................... 10 2.3.2. The Laser-Ablation Method ............................................................ 12 2.3.3. Chemical Vapor Deposition Method ............................................... 13 2.3.3.1. Key Parameters <strong>of</strong> Chemical Vapor Deposition Method ...... 15 2.4. Growth Mechanism <strong>of</strong> Carbon Nanotube ............................................. 18 CHAPTER 3. OXIDIZERS ............................................................................................ 19 3.1. Importance <strong>of</strong> Oxidizers on Catalyst .................................................... 19 3.2. Literature Search ................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS ................................................................ 23 4.1. Catalyst Film Deposition by DC Magnetron Sputtering Process ......... 23 4.2. Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Process ...................................... 24 4.2.1. Growth with Oxidizers .................................................................... 26 4.3. Characterization Techniques ................................................................. 29 4.3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy ........................................................ 29 vii
Page 1 and 2: THE EFFECTS OF OXIDIZERS ON THE DIA
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During my master <
Page 5: ÖZET KİMYASAL BUHAR BİRİKTİRME
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure
Page 11 and 12: Figure 5.12. The growths with CO2 (
Page 13 and 14: Figure 5.36. Raman spectra
Page 15 and 16: Table 5.12. The amounts of<
Page 17 and 18: first two methods, arc discharge an
Page 19 and 20: Graphite is the mo
Page 21 and 22: preferred nanotube type because <st
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.7. An illustration <strong
Page 25 and 26: Table 2.1. Advantages and disadvant
Page 27 and 28: 2.3.2. The Laser-Ablation Method Th
Page 29 and 30: hydrocarbons (Cui, et al. 2003) wit
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.3.1.2. Thin Film Support Layer
Page 33 and 34: 2.4. Growth Mechanism of</s
Page 35 and 36: (Amama, et al. 2009, Hata, et al. 2
Page 37 and 38: that the small amo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4.1. The Magnetron Sputterin
Page 41 and 42: the tube as <stron
Page 43 and 44: Table 4.1 (cont.) FeAlO15CNT840 750
Page 45 and 46: their diameter rou
Page 47 and 48: The principle of R
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.6. Schematic picture showi
Page 51 and 52: 5.1.1. AFM Results There exists a p
Page 53 and 54: a ) Figure 5.2. AFM micrographs <st
Page 55 and 56: c Figure 5.3. (cont.) Element Wt %
Page 57 and 58:
Table 5.2. (cont.) FeAlO12CNT771 76
Page 59 and 60:
a b c e Figure 5.4. The growths wit
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 5.5. (cont.) Count 35 30 25
Page 63 and 64:
Due to the lack <s
Page 65 and 66:
a c e Figure 5.8. The growths with
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Table 5.6 shows that the</s
Page 71 and 72:
a c e Figure 5.12. The growths with
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
In this part, for the</stro
Page 77 and 78:
For FeAlO15 substrate, two differen
Page 79 and 80:
For FeAlO16 substrate, two differen
Page 81 and 82:
e f Figure 5.20. (cont.) Due to <st
Page 83 and 84:
5.2.1.3. CNT Formation at Different
Page 85 and 86:
Count 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 a 5 10 15
Page 87 and 88:
Count 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 a CNT 8
Page 89 and 90:
Count 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 a CN
Page 91 and 92:
Count 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 a
Page 93 and 94:
Count 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 a 5 10 15
Page 95 and 96:
for SWNTs, there i
Page 97 and 98:
Table 5.17. (cont.) FeAlO15 CNT773
Page 99 and 100:
Intensity (a.u.) 2700 1800 900 CNT8
Page 101 and 102:
Intensity (a.u.) 2100 1400 700 CNT9
Page 103 and 104:
whole face. The formed catalyst par
Page 105 and 106:
Diameter Diameter 10 8 6 4 2 0 5 5
Page 107 and 108:
5.4. Statistical Analysis Results A
Page 109 and 110:
Kurtosis value is a descriptor <str
Page 111 and 112:
Very thin Fe films were grown on Si
Page 113 and 114:
REFERENCES Amama, P.B., C.L. Pint,
Page 115 and 116:
Hasegawa, K. and S. Noda. 2011a. Mi
Page 117 and 118:
Makita, Y., S. Suzuki, H. Kataura,
Page 119 and 120:
Vesselényi, I., K. Niesz, A. Siska
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