MAP SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - McMaster University

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NORTH ARROWS On topographic maps, direction is indicated in 3 ways: True North (TN) geometric/physical north pole Magnetic North (MN) location a compass points to, changes annually at a constant rate Grid North (GN) North orientation of the UTM Grid Sections 8.7 and 8.8 in the Handbook for the Earth & Environmental Science Student
MAGNETIC DECLINATION Describes the movement of Magnetic North (MN) away from True North (TN) It is the measurement of the angle shown as “X” It is expressed in degrees and minutes Annual rate of change found below the arrows (in this example: 4.3' per year)
Page 1 and 2: MAP SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENC
Page 3 and 4: COLOURS & SYMBOLS • International
Page 5 and 6: SCALE: (1) GRAPHIC LINE OR BAR SCAL
Page 7 and 8: SCALE: (3) REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION
Page 9 and 10: CONTOUR LINES Image from: Natural R
Page 11 and 12: STREAM GRADIENT 1. Use your coordin
Page 13 and 14: CROSS SECTIONAL PROFILES • Place
Page 15 and 16: STEP 4 180 160 140 120 100 80 metre
Page 17 and 18: VERTICAL EXAGGERATION VE = Vertical
Page 19 and 20: UTM GRID SYSTEM Universal Transvers
Page 21 and 22: Step 1: Identify the UTM Grid It ap
Page 23 and 24: Your 3 rd digit is a: 6 Hint The Ma
Page 25 and 26: Step 3: Northing Read the northing
Page 27 and 28: Add this digit to your Northing. 47
Page 29 and 30: LATITUDE & LONGITUDE • There are
Page 31 and 32: LATITUDE & LONGITUDE 50 degrees, 20
Page 33 and 34: LATITUDE & LONGITUDE Step 1: Locate
Page 35 and 36: LATITUDE & LONGITUDE Step 3: Degree
Page 37 and 38: LATITUDE & LONGITUDE the target is
Page 39: LATITUDE & LONGITUDE So now you hav
Page 43: HOURS Monday to Thursday: 9 a.m. to

MAP SKILLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - McMaster University

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