UHF2 realignment study - Ofcom Licensing

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The benefits of digital PMR over analogue PMR have, until recently, centred on the cost of the equipment as analogue technology has been more cost effective. This was mainly due to TETRA, TETRAPOL and Project 25 being the only realistic narrowband deployable technologies. However, these technologies have focused on the Public Safety/Mission Critical Markets and are usually not cost effective for Professional/Business Critical markets. The price gap between digital and analogue PMR, and the lack of available 10MHz duplex spaced spectrum in the UK, have until recently meant sales of digital PMR to the E&PSS market only, as this market has access to the correctly configured spectrum. The availability of UHF spectrum configured with a 10MHz duplex split as CEPT TR 25/08 is as follows: 240689 - 450-470 Study Final Print Version (Dec08).doc 380-400MHz and 410-12 paired with 420-422MHz managed by the PSSPG for use by the E&PSS; 412-414 paired with 422-424MHz, licensed to Arqiva 16 . However, recently manufacturers have produced TETRA standard equipment in the UK on 10MHz, reversed ERC Recommendation TR 25-08 (10MHz duplex spaced but the BS Tx is opposite to TR 25-08) and 7MHz duplex split, allowing for on-site TETRA systems to be deployed (e.g. Heathrow T5). DMR has recently changed the paradigm from an inability to deploy digital services in UHF2, to one that allows cost-effective digital radios, which have programmable duplex splits allowing them to operate on the same channels as Analogue PMR. The DMR standard was developed to replace Analogue PMR. This is a simple form-fit replacement as the two technologies are spectrally the same, conforming to the same ETSI spectral requirements. In effect, licensees of Analogue PMR can replace the equipment directly, employing the same feeders, antenna systems and radio spectrum licence with DMR and benefit immediately from the added features that digital technology brings. The main benefit of both TETRA and DMR digital technology is a doubling of spectrum efficiency using TDMA, allowing four voice channels on a 25 kHz channel for TETRA and two voice channels on a 12.5 kHz channel for DMR. The benefits of digital technology include: Cost effective virtual-duplex operation, by using TDMA for forward and reverse channels Battery saving techniques, inherent within the protocol. (e.g. DMR has approximately a 40% increase in battery life over analogue 17 ) 16 No permanent systems have been deployed yet in 412 MHz but they have numerous bids out to current and potential customers that will result in systems being deployed in 2008. 17 According to a leading manufacturer Page 34 abc
4.2.1 DMR 240689 - 450-470 Study Final Print Version (Dec08).doc Call interruption. See ETSI TR 102 398 18 and TR 300-4 for a complete list of DMR and TETRA features. The DMR standard covers three tiers of products: Tier I – 6.25 kHz Channel split, which is PMR446 equivalent, is now legal in the UK, for latest news see Ofcom web-updates 19 Tier II – 12.5 kHz Channel split, employing 2 slot-TDMA, which is the conventional PMR equivalent, peer-to-peer and through a repeater. Tier III – 12.5 kHz Channel Split, employing 2 Slot-TDMA, which is the trunked and quasi-synchronous/simulcast variant. A leading manufacturer currently offers Tier II products, with a frequency tuning range of 403-470MHz and duplex split of 3.5, 5 and 10MHz. The duplex split(s) have been through the approval process, but the duplex split is fully programmable, enabling most duplex splits, particularly splits that currently exist within UHF2. In addition, the price gap between analogue and digital radios has narrowed with DMR, with a typical terminal price being 20% more expensive for DMR over analogue. DMR Tier III, trunked products are expected to become available in 2008 and like Tier II products will be available in any practicable duplex split. 4.2.2 PMR Technology Evolution to Higher Data Rates Mobile Radio network design requires a balance between coverage capability and data rates. Law’s of Physics determine the maximum data rate of a given channel and states that the channel bandwidth will affect the data rate, amongst other factors. Therefore, for higher data rates additional spectrum is required and/or new, innovative modulation and coding schemes. The two most prevalent PMR/PAMR technologies capable of providing higher bandwidths to meet the operational requirements for a self-provided, or potential out-sourced operator provided network are TETRA release 2 and CDMA450. i. TETRA Evolution TETRA Release 1 is a digital trunked mobile radio standard developed by ETSI. The TETRA standard was developed to meet the needs of traditional PMR user organisations, in particular the E&PSS feature requirements and specific security issues. The TETRA standard has been developed over a number of years and continues to evolve. 18 Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) General System Design ETSI TR 102 398, available from www.etsi.org 19 DMR446 update http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/wireless_exemption/statement/ Page 35 abc
Page 1 and 2: Final Report Study to review the co
Page 3 and 4: About the authors Mott MacDonald pr
Page 5 and 6: 5 Reconfiguration drivers and chall
Page 7 and 8: 0 Executive Summary 0.1 Introductio
Page 9 and 10: 0.4 UHF2 Technology and Market The
Page 11 and 12: 240689 - 450-470 Study Final Print
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Background The UHF2 band in the
Page 17 and 18: 2 Spectrum Management of the UHF2 B
Page 19 and 20: Source: Mott MacDonald 240689 - 450
Page 21 and 22: Table 1 provides information on the
Page 23 and 24: spectrum will continue to make awar
Page 25 and 26: The water industry use 24 national
Page 27 and 28: and for this type of service. Some
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5 Wide Area PBR 240689 - 450
Page 31 and 32: 3 Regulatory Environment 3.1 Introd
Page 33 and 34: arrangement with a 10 MHz duplex sp
Page 35 and 36: decision, but Ireland and the Nethe
Page 37 and 38: 3.6 Summary & Conclusions This chap
Page 39: from Airwave (380-400MHz). Potentia
Page 43 and 44: Assuming that an E&PSS network oper
Page 45 and 46: 4.3.2 UK Market The UK market for t
Page 47 and 48: 5 Reconfiguration drivers and chall
Page 53 and 54: 6 Interference environment 6.1 Intr
Page 55 and 56: This scenario would be valid if the
Page 57 and 58: 6.4.1 Interference to narrowband sy
Page 61 and 62: Figure 16 Base station receiver noi
Page 63 and 64: 6.7 Summary & Conclusions This chap
Page 65 and 66: The costs in a cost-benefit analysi
Page 67 and 68: 7.2.2 Practical issues in assessing
Page 71 and 72: Study Methodology Cost estimates PA
Page 73 and 74: potential complications/interferenc
Page 79 and 80: Table 13 Conclusions on the impact
Page 81 and 82: It is understood that the Public Sa
Page 83 and 84: 7.7 Summary & Conclusions In this c
Page 87 and 88: 8.3.1 The Direct costs of Band Alig
Page 89 and 90: European markets to provide mobile
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the UK has skewed the market valuat
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We assume that the 4.5MHz paired sp
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£2k per annum per assignment. Thes
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alignment options. However, there a
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We assume that there is no spectrum
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240689 - 450-470 Study Final Print
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Table 24 Sensitivity analysis of ke
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9 Conclusions and Recommendations 9
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egulatory uncertainty, which has le
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Appendix B: Interference B.1 Types
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In Europe harmonised radio equipmen
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Appendix C: UHF2 Interference Regul
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C.2.1 Interface Requirement (IR) In
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the likelihood of increased interfe
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SURs could also benefit other busin
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with the UK and hence may not meet
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D.5 Modelling areas of UK base stat
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The “Standard deviation of noise
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ules. The number of blocking transm
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Appendix G: Spectrum Trading and Li
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DVB-H Digital Video Broadcasting -
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UHF II UHF frequency band from 450
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