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60 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA STATE MUSEUM Nicrophorus americanus Olivier (Figs. 104-107) Nicrophorus americanus Olivier 1790: 6. Nicrophorus virginicus Frölich 1792: 123. Necrophorus grandis Fabricius 1801: 247. Diagnosis. Length 20.0-35.0 mm. Head: Frons orange. Club of antenna orange. Thorax: Pronotum orbicular. Lateral and basal margins broad, black. Disc orange; anterior transverse impression distinct. Metasternum with dense, yellow pubescence. Metepim-eron with sparse, light brown setae. Elytra: Each elytron with two transverse, orange maculae, maculae not reaching suture. Epipleuron completely orange. Legs: Poste- Fig. 104. Nicrophorus americanus Olivier. rior tibia slightly curved. Tarsal empodium quadrisetose. Distribution. Nicrophorus americanus was formerly distributed throughout 35 states and three Canadian provinces in temperate eastern North America from Nova Scotia to western Nebraska and from the upper peninsula of Michigan to Texas (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1991). During this century, it has disappeared from over 90% of its historic range (Lomolino et al. 1995) (Fig. 105). It is now known from only five states: on Block Island off the southern coast of Rhode Island (Kozol 1989, 1991), eastern Oklahoma/western Arkansas (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1991), the Sand Hills
in north-central Nebraska (Ratcliffe and Jameson 1992, Ratcliffe on-going studies), and, as of late 1995, southern South Dakota (Backlund and Marrone 1995). Anderson (1982a) suggested that N. americanus was an obligate denizen of primary forest, and that the coincident decline of this species and the destruction of this habitat were linked. Anderson suggested that dependence on larger vertebrate carcasses for breeding may have restricted N. americanus to ecosystems with deeper soils, hence mature forests with deep, humic soils. Lomolino et al. (1995) tested this hypothesis and found it to be false; N. americanus exhibited the widest niche breadth of the four most common Nicrophorus species present in their studies with the Arkansas and Oklahoma silphids. They found that N. americanus was broadly distributed across habitats, and that there was no preference for forest or shrub cover. The extant populations on treeless Block Island in Rhode Island and in the grassland areas of Ft. Chaffee Military THE CARRION BEETLES OF NEBRASKA 61 Fig. 105. Present and historical distribution of Nicrophorus americanus. Reservation in Arkansas also do not support Anderson’s idea nor do the records from relatively treeless west-central Nebraska and South Dakota. Creighton et al. (1993) reported beetles occur both in oak-hickory forests and in grasslands in Oklahoma; higher numbers were observed in grasslands than in bottomland forests (where, presumably, foraging flight is severely hampered by denser undergrowth). Considering the broad geographic range formerly occupied by the American burying beetle, it is unlikely that vegetation or soil type were historically limiting (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1991). Today, the American burying beetle seems to be largely restricted to areas most undisturbed by human influence. In Nebraska, the Sandhills is just such an area, and it is there that the beetles have been recently rediscovered. Gothenburg, Brady, North Platte, the Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, and Jamison are all locales in which beetles have been found during 1994 and 1995. Mark Peyton, Senior District
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Cover. An adult burying beetle, Nic
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Bulletin of the University of Nebra
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Bulletin of the University of Nebra
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Extensive collecting was conducted
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THE CARRION BEETLES OF NEBRASKA 5 F
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the spring and fall. Drought freque
Page 15 and 16: they are referred to as “pampas,
Page 17 and 18: THE CARRION BEETLES OF NEBRASKA 11
Page 19 and 20: ea s t e r n de c i d u o u s Fo r
Page 21 and 22: insects are attracted to a cadaver
Page 23 and 24: The jar or container should not be
Page 25 and 26: SUBFAMIly SIlPhINAe The Silphinae i
Page 27 and 28: 3’. Head may have short setae, bu
Page 29 and 30: In a report by Lawrence Bruner on t
Page 33 and 34: certain areas of the Pacific Northw
Page 37 and 38: distributed throughout the eastern
Page 39 and 40: on the dried remains of hide, sinew
Page 41 and 42: elytra are exposed and are a bright
Page 43 and 44: will distinguish the larva of this
Page 45 and 46: GARDEN CO. (2): Crescent Lake; GOSP
Page 47 and 48: Creek Reservoir, Red Willow Reservo
Page 49 and 50: Adults in the genus Nicrophorus are
Page 51 and 52: A few field studies have shown that
Page 55 and 56: preparing the feeding cavity of the
Page 57 and 58: is allocated to the parents’ own
Page 59 and 60: oods reared on small carcasses by f
Page 61 and 62: 5. Anterior face of procoxa with sh
Page 65: KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THIRD INSTAR
Page 69 and 70: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (199
Page 71 and 72: factors responsible for the decline
Page 73 and 74: Mexico) had relatively low efficien
Page 75 and 76: face of the procoxa in the basal ha
Page 77 and 78: Kaulbars 1987). In Nebraska, this s
Page 79 and 80: ADAMS CO. (30): No data; ARTHUR CO.
Page 81 and 82: and basal margins wide; anterior tr
Page 83 and 84: narrow; basal margin wide; anterior
Page 85 and 86: Mormon Island; HARLAN CO. (17): Rep
Page 87 and 88: ADAMS CO. (2): No data; CLAY CO. (1
Page 89 and 90: Park; SALINE CO. (4): Swan Creek; S
Page 91 and 92: LITERATURE CITED ABBOTT, C.E. 1927a
Page 93 and 94: (Nicrophorus americanus) in Oklahom
Page 95 and 96: HERSCHEL, J.D. 1807. Die Europäisc
Page 97 and 98: (Nicrophorus spp.). Journal of the
Page 99 and 100: REED, H.B. 1958. A study of dog car
Page 101 and 102: TRUMBO, S.T. 1990a. Reproductive be
Page 103 and 104: GLOSSARY (modified from Torre-Bueno
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