Figure 1. Hierarchical structure <strong>of</strong> (5) doma<strong>in</strong>s, 25 KDA and CV 209
Proposed <strong>Maturity</strong> <strong>Model</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>ICT</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>School</strong> <strong>Education</strong> (<strong>ICT</strong>E-MM) Follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ISTE's National <strong>Education</strong>al Technology Standards (NETS-A, 2002; NETS-S, 2007; NETS-T, 2008) and TSSA (2001), we def<strong>in</strong>ed five Leverage Doma<strong>in</strong>s: <strong>Education</strong>al Management, Infrastructure, Adm<strong>in</strong>istrators, Teachers and Students (Figure 1). The Leverage Doma<strong>in</strong>s generate a hierarchical structure <strong>of</strong> levels. The second level is named Key Doma<strong>in</strong> Areas (KDA). These areas should be measurable and controllable and are related to a third hierarchical level called “Critical Variables” (CV). Each KDA can be measured by whe<strong>the</strong>r it meets its goals, which are determ<strong>in</strong>ed by <strong>the</strong> CV that determ<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> given KDA’s capacity. The “In<strong>for</strong>mation Criteria.” To satisfy <strong>the</strong> school requirements, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must satisfy certa<strong>in</strong> criteria which constitute <strong>the</strong> <strong>ICT</strong>E requirements <strong>for</strong> this <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation. These criteria <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation provided by a given KDA are: Effectiveness: <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must be relevant and pert<strong>in</strong>ent as well as be<strong>in</strong>g delivered timely, correctly, and consistently. Efficiency: <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must be generated by <strong>the</strong> most productive and economical use <strong>of</strong> resources. Confidentiality: <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must be protected from unauthorized disclosure. Integrity: <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must be accurate and complete. Availability: <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must be available when required by <strong>the</strong> stakeholders, and its associated resources and capabilities must be safeguarded. Compliance: <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must comply with those laws, regulations and contractual arrangements to which <strong>the</strong> school is subjected, i.e., externally imposed educational criteria as well as <strong>in</strong>ternal policies. Manageability: <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation must be easy to deal with and usable by management to operate <strong>the</strong> school. The “IT Resources.” The Leverage Doma<strong>in</strong>s require “IT Resources” to generate, store and deliver <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation required to reach <strong>the</strong> school objectives. IT resources are: Applications: <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation systems and manual procedures used to process data and generate <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation. Data: on every <strong>for</strong>mat required by <strong>the</strong> school and processed by <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation systems. Infrastructure: technology (e.g., hardware, operat<strong>in</strong>g systems, database management systems, network<strong>in</strong>g, multimedia, etc.) that enables <strong>the</strong> process<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> applications. Facilities: <strong>the</strong> environment that houses and supports <strong>the</strong> IT <strong>in</strong>frastructure. Figure 1. Structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> model show<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> three dimensions <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terrelated elements 210
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