d{o' Ad/fynk ;zs ioB?b f;zx - Dr. Harpal Singh Pannu

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d{o' Ad/fynk ;zs ioB?b f;zx
jogkb f;zx gzB{
gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk
fgnko/ gkme, fJ; fbys ftZu Bk fJfsjk; j? Bk cab;cak. fJj e[M gzB/ fbyD t/b/ e'Jh fB;afus
;kfjse ;a?bh iK eqw dk th fynkb BjhI oZfynk frnk. e[ZM xNBktK nZr/ fgZS/ j' rJhnK jB. i'
e[ZM w?AIA nZyh d/fynk j{pj{ T[t/IA fby fdsk. gfjbK jh wB ftu e'JIh fB;afus T[d/;a fwED dh EK
sZEK B{z gqkEfwesk fdZsh id'IA fe w?B[{z pky{ph gsk j? fe T[d/;a dh nDj'AId ftu sZE, fpbe[b p/eko
fJNK, o'V/ jz[d/ jB i' bkj/tzd j'D dh EK :kso{nK d/ ;cao ftu ftxB gk ;ed/ jB.
w?B{z fJT[I brdk fit/I ;zs ioB?b f;zx w/ok fwZso j't/. T[j fe;/ dk fwZso BjhI ;h, ;kX ;h e/tb.
;kX dk Bk e'Jh d[;awD j[zdk j? Bk d';s. w? T[; B{z fJe uzrk f;Zy ;wfMnk fi;dh nekbh db
ftu uVQs j' ojh ;h. fJ; uVQs dk edh w?IA f;nk;h bkG T[mk ;eKrk ;akfJd, w/ok ;zs ioB?b
f;zx Bkb fJ; eoe/ ;zgoe j'fJnk.
fJe gk;/ dopko ;kfjp Ykfjnk frnk, d{i/ gk;/ XVk XV b'eK B/ f;ZyK dh wdd eoBh
;a{o{ eo fdZsh, fJE'AAIA sZe fe fjzd{nK, efwT{fB;NK s/ eKro;hnK B{z w?A fJ; ;ZN eoe/ oI'AfdnK d/fynK.
Grs g”{oB f;zx, ;kX{ f;zx jwdod, vkH y[;ad/tk f;zx, vkH rzvk f;zx s/ ;H y[;atzs f;zx B/ gqkgs
ehs/ j'J/ wkD ;BwkB tkg; eo fdZs/. wjkokik nwfozdo f;zx B/ b'e ;Gk ns/ eKro; gkoNh s'A
n;shck d/ fdZsk. wjkoki/ B/ i/bQK ftu pzdhnK dh i' wkfJe ns/ ekB{zBB wZdd ehsh w?A T[; dk
u;awdhd rtkj jK feT[Afe b'Vtzdk dh ;jkfJsk w/o/ okjhI th ehsh rJh. fJt/AI jh f;Zy fto'Xh
dzfrnK ftu T[iV/ gfotkoK dh th wjkoki/ B/ ;ko bJh ;h go fJj ;kok e[M fe;/ tZyo/ EK
fbfynk ikt/rk ft;Eko ftu. fJE/ e/tb ;zs ioB?b f;zx fieo j?. T[; B{z d{o'A d/fynk fJ; bJh
fbfynk j? feT[ Ife w?B{z bZfrnk BjhI T[;B/ w?B{z B/V/ bZrD fdZsk j't/. ejkts j? - fpZbh, T{mDh dk
d[ZX Bjh A uz[x ;edh.
dopko ;kfjp T[go jwbk f;ZyK tk;s/ fJ; ;dh dh ;G s'A tZvh d[oxNBk ;h. f;zx ;Gk
bfjo dk g?dk j'Dk, ;q a'wDh nekbh db dk iBw, d' ;z;ko izrK ns/ 1947 dh d/;-tzv, wkw{bh
xNBktK BjhIA ;B go fJBQK xNBktK ftu ns/ 1984 B{z dopko ;kfjp T[go j'J/ c"ih jwb/ ftu
coe j?. fJj coe tZvk j?. w[;bwkBk Bkb f;ZyK dh NZeo sK nodk; dh gozgok ftu T[so u[ Zeh
j?, fJ; eoe/ d/;-tzv ;w/A w[;bwkBK jZE'I A f;ZyK dk esfbnkw e'Jh nB'yh xNBk BjhI ;h. Bkb/
pdb/ ftu f;ZyK B/ fJZXob/ fys/ ftu w[;bwkB gfotkoK T[go e'Jh xZN BjhI ;h r[iakoh. ;r'I f;ZyK
B/ th nfij/ ;aowBke ezw ehs/ fijV/ nmkjothI ;dh ftu Bjh A ehs/ ;B. r[o{ ih dk fJbkjh
;dkuko-;ak;so edh n"osK s/ pZfunK T[go ipo eoB dh nkfrnk BjhI fdzdk. f;ZyK B/ r[o{ ih d/
fJ; nkdo;a B{z id' A ft;ko fdZsk sd T[BQK B/ fdb y'bQ e/ w[;bwkBK T[go dfozdrh ehsh.
d' tZvhnK izrK ;z;ko dhnK j'o skesK bJh eJh j'o ekoBK eoe/ pj[s tZvhnK xNBktK
jB. f;ZyK B/ th fJBQK ftu nwbh f;aoes ehsh go fJBQK dh nfjwhns ykb;k gzE bJh e[M Bjh
A;h f;tkfJ fJ; d/ fe e[M e[ jiako f;Zy bVd/ j'J/ wko/ rJ/ s/ e[M B{z pjkdoh pdb/ fteN'ohnk
eokZ; fwb/. u[ok;h d/ nkgq/;aB pb{;Nko torh ;ZN f;ZyK B/ fJ; ;dh ftu edh Bk ;[Dh ;h Bk
fenk;h ;h. u/s/ oj/ fe w[rbK ns/ gmkDK B/ i' e[M dopko ;kfjp Bkb ehsk ;h T[; Bkb'I fJj
ekok tZyoh soQK dk ;h feT[AAfe T[d'IA dhnK w[;bwkB je{wsK dk t?oh nwb f;ZyK d/ ihtB Yzr dk
e[dosh fjZ;k pD frnk ;h. :kBh fe w[;bwkBK tZb'I fe;/ r[od[nko/ dh p/ndph eoB B{z nDj'Dh
xNBk ti'I BjhI fbnk iKdk ;h feT[ IAfe T[BQK dk toskok f;Zy ihtB ftu ps"o fJfsjk;e NZeo ;wM
ftu nkT[ AIdk ;h fi; eoe/ ;kXkoD brdk j[zdk ;h.

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fJ; d/ T[bN yakb;k gzE B/ fjzd{nK dh oZfynk fjs nkgDk ;G e[M dkn s/ bk fdZsk ;h.
r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp dh e[opkBh f;Zy nwb dk Xo{ skok j? fi;B{Pz, f;Zy edh G[Zb ikD sK xZN'
xZN fjzd[;skB Bjh A G[Zb ;edk, gzE d/ ntu/sB ftu xo eo u[ Zek ;h. fJ; f;bf;b/ ftu fJj
efjDk tkip j't/rk fe fjzd{nK d/ nDyhb/ sZs B{z r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh niahw ;ay;hns ftu g{oB
Go';k j' u[Zek ;h fi; d/ cb ;o{g fjzd{ i[nkBh nzfwqs Se e/ XVk XV ykb;k gzE dk tvw[Zbk
fjZ;k pD ojh ;h. fJT[AIA fJj dfonk fJe gk;/ BjhI d't/I gk;hI tr fojk ;h noEks i/ f;Zy
e[opkBhnK eo oj/ ;B sK fjzd{ th Gkoh frDsh ftu fB;akB ;kfjp dh ;aoD ftu nk nk e/ fJ;
dfonk B{z skesto pDk oj/ ;B. wzB[{ dh dksoh fcoB d/ pkti{d d{D ;tkJ/ j'D dh eokwks fJ;
sZE dh ;jh b'e-rkEk j?.
fjzd{ ftdtkB fJj dkntk eod/ nkJ/ jB fe ykb;k gzE fjzd[;skB ns/ fjzd{ wZs dh oZfynk
eoB fjs g?dk j'fJnk. f;Zy fuzse fJ; eEB B{z oZd eoe/ nkyd/ jB fe Bt/IA Xow dk gqek;a fe;/
yak; tor d/ b'eK iK fe;/ yk; G{r'fbe y/so dh okyh iK ftBk;a eoB bJh jofria BjhI j[zdk. i/
fJj wzB bJhJ/ fe fjzd{nK dh okyh bJh fJe ;?Bk tZyo/ s”"o s/ ;Ekgs eo bJh rJh ;h sd fJj
th wzB b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe fJ; ;?Bk dk fJe' fJe wB'oE w[;bwkBK B{z wkoBk ns/ fJ;bkw dk
B[e;kB eoBk ;h.fit/I fJj d{ik sZE fe;/ gqeko wzBD:'r BjhI j? T[t/ A jh gfjbk oZd eoB:'r
j?. go i' sZE ;jh j? s/ ;op-gqtkfDs th, T[j fJj j? fe yakb;k gzE d/ T[d? Bkb fBo;zd/j fjzd{
Xow pfunk, fjzd[;skB pfunk, gmkDk B{z ;dk bJh ekpb ftu XZe fdZsk frnk s/ T[jBk d/ jwb/
ns/ nfsnkuko phs/ dhnK eEk ejkDhnK pD rJ/. f;ZyK ns/ fjzd{nK dh ;wkie ;KM ns/ d[y ;[y
feTI[ Afe ;dhnK sZe ;KM/ oj/ ;B fJ;/ eoe/ wk;No skok f;zx B/ 1947 ftu gkfe;skB dh EK
fjzd[;skB ftu ofjD B{z soihj fdsh ;h. fJ; w[Zd/ s/ pVk e[M fejk ;[fDnk ns/ fbfynk frnk j?
fe wk;No ih B/ fJj tZvh fJfsjk;e G[Zb feT[ I ehsh. w?I fJj wzBdk jK fe f;ZyK tk;s/ T[d'I
;zftXkBe ;[oZfynk dh e'Jh rkozNh b?A b?Dh ukjhdh ;h go wk;No ih B/ fjzd[;skB Bkb ofjD dk
c?;bk T[;/ ;dhnK g[okDh ;fGnkukoe ;KM ekoB ehsk ;h. wk;No ih d/ f;nk;h eZd B{z fwDB
tk;s/ jo pzd/ dk jZe j? fe jZE ftu chsk cV bt/, go wk;No fBo;zd/j gzE dodh s/ JhwkBdko
B/sk ;h s/ fds/ rJ/ f;b/p; ftZu T[; B/ i' c?;b/ bJ/ T[j B/e Bhns Bkb bJ/, fJ; pko/ w?B{z
edh tfjw Bjh A j'fJnk.
T[go fbyhnK e[M rZbK fby/ pr?o nkgo/;aB pb{-;Nko dh xNBk dk ;jh fBgNkok Bjh
j'Dk ;h. f;ZyK B/ nkgDhnK f;nk;h ;orowhnK ikoh oyfdnK ;qa'wDh nekbh db dh ewkB j/m
nB/e w'ou/ bkJ/. gzEe b'VK dh g{osh fjs f;nk;h iZd'-ifjd eoBh s/ iwj{oh Yzr Bkb nkgDh
;aesh e/AIdfos oZyDh jo/e f;nk;h gkoNh tKr f;ZyK dk jZe j?. go gsk BjhI itkjobkb Bfjo{
ns/ T[;d/ T[sokfXekohnK d/ wB ftu nfijh eh rZb ;h fe f;ZyK B{z fuVkT[Dk T[j T[sw f;nk;s
wzB p?m/. fBehnK w'NhnK f;nk;h wzrK fit/AI Gk;ak nkXkfos gzikph ;{pk Bk d/Dk, gzikp B{z uzvhrVQ
ps"o okiXkBh Bk d/Dk, ;ki;a sfjs gzikph p'bd/ fJbke/ gzikp s'I pkjo oZyD/, dfonkJh gkDhnK dh
tzv tes nzso-ok;aNoh ekB{zB Biao-nzdkia eoe/ gzikp d/ gkDhnK T[go vkek wkoBk, gzikp d/ j?vtoe;
gzikp s'I pkjo oZy e/ T[BQK dk ezNo'b gzikp gk;' I y'jDk, gzikp s'I pkjo gzikph p'bdhnK
;N/NK ftu gzikph B{z d{ih Gk;ak dk doik th Bk d/Dk nkfde e[ZM nfijhnK rZbK ;B fijVhnK pko/
f;Zy id'I nktki T[mkT[AId/ sd T[BQK B{z d/; Xo'jh ns/ gkfe;skB d/ J/izN j'D dk fyskp fwbdk.
1982 ftu J/;ahnB r/wia tes pZ;K rZvhnK ftu fit/AI f;Zy :kso{nK dh jZse frD fwE e/ Gkosh
;N/N B/ ehsh T[j Btzpo 1984 d/ fdZbh dzfrnK dh wfjia fJe G{fwek ;h. Gkos B/ f;ZyK B{z :kd
oZyD :'r ;pe f;ykT[Dk ;h. fJ; s'I tZvk d[yKs eh j' ;edk j? fe cK;h bZr/ pzd/ B{z woB sZe
d';a dk gsk Bk bZr/.
e[Zb ;z;ko ftu fe;/ f;Zy B{z fJj :ehB Bjh AnkT[dk ;h fe fJzdok rKXh dopko ;kfjp
T[go ;?Bk ukVQ e/ spkkjh wuk ;edh j?. ;zs ioB?b f;zx B{z fJ; dk gsk ;h. id' ;zs ioB?b
f;zx c”"ih jwb/ dhnK rZbk eoB brdk sK w/ok fdwkr w?B{z nkydk jz[dk fe bhvo fJj' fijhnK
rZbK efonk jh eod/ jB. fJ; Bkb ;zrs ftu jwdodh dh bfjo g?dk j[zdh j?, ;zrmB
;aesh;akbh j[zdk j? s/ f;nk;s ftu fJ; ;G e[M dh io{os j'fJnk jh eodh j?. edh gzE B{z

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ysok, edh dopko ;kfjp yaso/ ftu, fJj ;G eoB ;[DB dhnK rZbK jB, nfijk e[ZM Bjh A j'D
bZrk. j[D w? A fJ; Bshi/ T[ Zgo g[Zik jK fe fjzd[;skB ftu fJe gqXkB wzsoh fJzdok rKXh B{z gsk
;h fe jwbk eoBk j?, fJe ;zs ioB/?b f;zx B{z gsk ;h fe jwbk j'Dk j? s/ T[; B/ woBk j?.
pkeh b'e e/tb tZy tZy gqeko d/ nzdkia/ bkfJnk eod/ ;B. gqXkB wzsoh ns/ ;zs ih ftueko
coe fJj ;h fe ;zsK B{z nkgDh w”"s dk gsk ;h, fJzdok rKXh B{z nkgDh w”"s dk gsk BjhI ;h.
fe; fe; iE/dko B{z fezBk fezBk e[ gsk ;h, fJ; dk fiaeo pkd ftu eoKr/.
1968 ftu w?I jkJh ;e{b xZrk fibQk gfNnkbk ftu d;thI dk ftfdnkoEh ;K sd nkgD/
fJe iwksh r[os/i f;zx s'IAA dwdwh Ne;kb dk Bkw gfjbh tko ;[fDnk. fJ; w[zv/ d/ wkg/ ;zs
r[opuB f;zx fGzvoKtkfbnK d/ ;aoXkb{ ;B s/ fJBQK dk Ne;kb Bkb f;Zyh d/ Bks/ ;zgoe ;h. pkd
ftu GkJh nwohe f;zx Bkb fJBQK dh fo;as/dkoh pDh. w/o/ iwksh dh G{nk dh Xh phph jowhs e"o
dk ftnkj GkJh ;kfjp Bkb j'fJnk. w?B{z f;Zyh pko/ sK e[ZM yk; Ej[ gsk Bjh A ;h go w/o/ bJh
fJj ftnkj fJ; rZb'I Ankdo;ae ;h fe pr?o dj/i s'I p/jZd ;kdhnK o;wK Bkb j'fJnk ;h. pkeh
iwkshnK tKr wfjzdok ekbi gfNnkbk ftu gVQfdnK f;Zyh p/;ae uzrh brdh j[zdh ;h go ofjs
wfonkdk dk e'Jh gsk Bjh A ;h.
edh edkJhI GkJh nwohe f;zx fwbD nkT[dk. T[j ;kvk jkDh ;h. j;w[y s/ ;[jDk f;Zy
;h, ofjs ftu g{ok. m'vh T[go E'VQh e[ dkjVh ;h. n;h A S/Vd/, @@dkjVh Bjh A, s/oh m'vh T[go
sK oZp B/ nzr{mk bkfJnk j'fJnk j?. fJ; s' A ;kps j[zdk j? fe oZp nzr{mk Skg j?.@@ e'Jh j'o
iwksh nkydk, @@nwohe f;zxk fJj fijVk ;tkfJnk e[ rZck s?B{z dkjVh dk fwfbnk j? fJ; s'I
w[es Bjh Aj' ;edk s{z

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;zs eosko f;zx jZ; gJ/ s/ fejk, @@e'Jh io{os Bjh A. S'N/ ;kfjpiakfdnK B/ e'Jh jm sg
dk nfGnk; ehsk ;h < okie[wkoK tKr T[BQK dh gfoto;a j'Jh ;h. id'I ;wK nkfJnk sK T[BQK B/
fejh ;akBdko gqhs fBGkJh ;h. fizBk fgnko r[o{ d;w gks;akj jia{o ;kfjpiakfdnK B{z eod/ ;B,
T[; s'I tXhe s?B{z fgnko eod/ jB ioB?b f;zx. T[BQK s/ Go';k oZy. n"yh xVh ftu f;Zy B{z edh
n”"yk BjhI j'D fdzd/ wjkoki.@@ T[; fgS'I ioB?b f;zx ;fji ftu ofjD bZrk. go GZ[y, fgnk; ns/
Bhd T[go T[; B/ ekp{ gk fbnk ;h, p'b ukb T[go th, xZN p'bdk. nkeVyK j't/, nfijk gqGkt
th BjhI g?Idk ;h. T[j BjhI, d';s ;kvk nwohe f;zx ;h. T[j y[ZbQ e/ rZbK eodk, jZ;dk, S/Vdk,
fSVdk s/ ;kv/ tKr jh w{oyskJhnK B[{z g;zd eodk, sd/ fgnkok fwZso brdk. ioB?b f;zx pko/
;kvk fynkb ;h fe fJ;d/ fdwkr dh e'Jh or xZN iK tZX j?. T[;dk n;h tXhe B'fN; Bjh A
b?Ad/ ;K. edh edkJh T[; fto[ZX fNZgDh eo fdzd/ sd ;kB{z wBQK eoB tkbk th e'Jh Bk e'Jh w"i{d
jz[dk, @@T[j uzrk f;Zy j?. T[; pko/ pZeVtkj eoBk mhe BjhI.@@ n;h A jZ; g?Ad/, @@f;Zy sK n;hI th
jK. eVkj gq;akd sK eVkj gq;akd jh jz[dk j? go i/ T[; ftu d/;h fxT[ tXhe gk fdT[ sd
w[;aeb yVQh eo fdzdk j?. T[; dh f;Zyh ftu d/;h fxU e[M fiankdk g? frnk brdk j?.@@
fij' fij/ th ;K, n;hI ;zs eosko f;zx B{z uzr/ brd/ ;K. ;zs eosko f;zx d/ ihtB ns/ p'b
pkDh ftu e'Jh fJj' fijh ;kXBk obh fwbh j'Jh ;h fe T[BQK dk ;fseko sK ;G eod/ jh ;B
T[BQK dh tfvZsD s'I G? Ghs BjhI ;B. ;'r, fBok;sk, vo, fuzsk T[BQK B{z sK eh j'Dh ;h T[BQK dh
jkioh ftu ;kB{z edh BjhI j[zdh ;h. wodkBrh dk gquzv o{g i/ w?B{z fe;/ ftu fdf;nk sd T[j ;zs
eosko f;zx ns/ ;qH eg{o f;zx jB. tfvZsD T[; B{z efjzd/ jB fijVh nkgD/ ;zgoe ftu nkT[D
tkfbnK ftu jhDsk g?dk Bk eo/. tfvZsD ekoB nkb/-d[nkb/ dk jo pzdk tZvk, ;zg{oB ns/ nksw
ft;atk; Bkb ;ao;ko j' iKdk j?.
1975-77 d' ;kb w? A r[owfs ekbi gfNnkbk dk ftfdnkoEh fojk. ;kB{z ekbi ftu ;[B/jk
fwfbnk fe ;zs eosko f;zx gfNnkb/ nk oj/ jB. r[od[nkok d{yfBtkoB ;kfjp fty/ mfjoBr/.
fJj wkou 1977 dh rZb j?. wjhBk s/ ;kb fJ; bJh u/s/ ofj frnk j? feTI[Afe n;hI fJwfsjkBK
dh fsnkoh ftu feskpK B{z x'N/ bkT[D ftu bZr/ j'J/ ;K. ;akwh T[BQK B{z fwbD g[Zi/ sK T[j ;oK dh
SZs T[go p?m/ ;B. dohnK ftShnK j'JhnK ;B. ;kB{z d/ye/ ;zs ih B/ fejk, @@bT[ ih ykfb;skBh
g[Zi rJ/ jB. tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj.@@ n;hI p?m rJ/ sK T[j fco p'b/,
@@wobk d' wob/ EK xo gkT[D bJh w?B{ z th ykfb;skB ftu d/ fdT[Ar/ fe nkg/ jh oj'r/ fJeZb/
T[; ftu s[;hI

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Bkb w? A s[jkv/ ftnkj eoKrk. dki B{z SZv e/ j'o e'Jh xkN BjhI j't/rh.@@ fco E'Vk fijk o[e e/
p'b/, @@;kv/ iE/ dk fvf;gfbB ;ys j? e[ZM go T[j s[jkv/ s/ bkr{ BjhI j't/rk. Ne;kb d/ f;zx
sK ukj B{z th B;ak ;wMe/ BjhI ghId/, s[jkB{z ukj ghD s'I e'Jh Bjh Ao'e/rk. fco sK mhe j?

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f;zx B{z p'bD/ g?Dr/. p'bDk T[; B{z nkT[IAdk BjhI. ;N/i s'I edh p'fbnk jh BjhI ;h T[j, nfGnk;
s'I pr?o eh eo/rk < fJj d/yD bJh fe eh swk;ak j't/rk, e[ZM fwZso bzwk gzX wkoe/ u"e wfjsk
fJ; bJh th nkJ/.NoZe, NokbhnK, ekoK, ihgK, pZ;K okjhI fJe fdB gfjbK jh ;zrsK g[ZiDhnK ;[o{
j' rJhnK. fi; fdB G'r ;h, ;akfJd nr;s 1977 dk e'Jh fdB, fizBK fJZem j'fJnk T[; fdB s'I
gfjbK w?I edh J/Bk fJeZm BjhI d/fynk ;h. p/;ae gkofezr dk tXhnk gqpzX ;h go rZvhnK ftu'I
T[so T[so b'e g?db s[o/ nk oj/ ;B feT[fe g?dbK dh ocsko tXhe ;h. w? A ;N/i d/ B/V/ jh
p?mk ;K. f;o'g/ ns/ d;skoK G/N eoB dh o;w nkozG j'Jh. fezBhnK f;zx-;GktK, fezBhnK Ne;kbK,
v/fonK ns/ wZmK d/ w[yh g[Zi/, fjzd{nK ns/ w[;bwkBK dhnK Xkofwe ;z;EktK tb'I d;skoK nkJhnKfJj
fdq;a nb'fee ;h. T[d'I gzikp ftu nekbhnK dh ;oeko ;h. n?woi?;h pkd fJzdok rKXh dh
jko j'Jh s/ e/AAIdo ftu iBsk gkoNh dh je{ws pDh ;h. ;qH gqek;a f;zx pkdb w[Zay wzsoh ;w/s
;koh gzikp e?pfBN jkiao ;h. pkdb ;kfjp B/ ;zsK B{z ;aoXKibh fdzfdnK fejk, @@w/o/ wB ftu
Ne;kb dh pj[s edo j?. fJj sK s[odh fcodh f;Zy :{Bhtof;Nh j?. fJ; tes ;zs ioB?b f;zx
T[go pVh tZvh ;z;Ek B{z ubkT[D dh fizw/tkoh nkJh j?. w/oh ekwBk j? fe fJj fizaw/tkoh T[j
;cbsk Bkb fBGkT[Dr/. Ne;kb dh jo wzr gzikp ;oeko g{oh eo/rh. ;zs eosko f;zx d/ Bkw
s/ fe;/ :{Bhtof;Nh ftu u/no ;Ekgs eoBh j't/ iK fit/A ;zs eosko f;zx ;a[ZaaX ehosB dh wjkBsk
tZb pj[s stZi' fdzd/ ;B, e'Jh ;zrhs dk ftfdnkbk ;Ekgs eoBk j't/- ;zs ioB?b f;zx nkyD, w?I
wBi{oh fdnKrk. i' e[M wzrDk j't/ T[j j[D/ wzrD, w?AI T[; dh g{osh dk n?bkB fJE/ jh eoe/
iktKrk. j[D/.@@ d; e[ fwzN dh ;aoXKibh j't/rh fJj. w?B{z fJzB/ e[ ;apd :kd jB.
nyho ftu ;zs ioB?b f;zx T[m/. wjkoki nZr/ wZEk N/fenk s/ wkJhe nZr/ nkJ/. jZE i'V
e/ csfj p[bkJh. ;a[eokB/ d/ ;apd ej/ HHH ;zrs dhnK n;h;K dh ekwBk ehsh/. fJe fJe ;apd
e"vhnK dh N[DeKo tKr ;g;aN ;h s/ ;kdk ;h. fe;/ fJe tke dh pDso BjhI ftrVh, e'Jh tke
d[jokfJnk BjhI, jZE ftu e'Jh fb;N BjhI bJh fi;dk ;jkok b?e/ jo w[Zd/, jo ftnnesh, jo
;z;Ek pko/ e[M fejk ik ;e/ go e'Jh ;z;Ek nfijh BjhI ;h fi;dk XzBtkd Bk ehsk frnk j't/.
nyho ftu fiaeo nk frnk gzikp ;oeko dk. w[Zy wzsoh dk ;a[eokBk sK ehsk go nfijk eofdnK
j'fJnK fejk, @@pkdb ;kfjp ih B/ c[owkfJnk j? fe Ne;kb i' wzr/rh fdnKr/. fJ; pko/ w?I fJj
noia eoBh j? fe dwdwh Ne;kb wzrfsnK dh ;z;Ek BjhI j?. fJj sK r[o{ d;aw/;a fgsk ih dh
Ne;kb j? fi; dh ;/tk eoB bJh ;kv/ tor/ nB/e nkJ/ s/ nkT[ Id/ ofjDr/. ;kvk dksk T[jh j?
s/ fJe' j?. ;kB{z wjkoki B/ fJzBk e[M fdsk j? fe p'bK okjhI dZ; BjhI j[zdk. ;kv/ fgsk B/ w[;aebK,
;zeN sK ;kv/ s'IA Nkb bJ/ jB, nBzs ;akBK d/ wkbe pDkfJnk j? ;kB{z. pkdb ;kfjp B{z fe;/ t;s{
dh b'V gt/, T[j fJE'I Ne;kb gk;' I wzrD, w? j[D/ g{osh eoB dk n?bkB eoKrk.@@
;zrs ftu'I e'Jh bfjo fijh bzxdh gqshs j'Jh, gZsoekoK dhnK ebwK B/ s/iah cVh s/
e?wfonK tkb/ joes ftu nkJ/. nodk; T[gozs bzro gq;akd Sed/ j'J/ ;kfonK f;ZyK B{z nfj;k;
j'D bZrk fe ioB?b f;zx Bkw dk fJj i[nkB nkw BjhI j?. d' tvhnK ;aeshnK, fJe ;oeko d{ih
Ne;kb ftueko j[D/ j'fJnk ;ztkd fes/ e'Jh e;awe;a g?dk sK Bjh A eo/rk< fJj rZbK jo gk;/ j'
ojhnK ;B. ;akwh fJj th gsk bZrk fe pkdb ;kfjp B/ ;zs ioB?b f;zx B{z fJeZfbnK fwbD dh
fJZSk gqrNkJh ;h go ;zsK B/ fJj efje/ fwbD s'I NkbwN'b eo fdZsh ;h fe w?AI f;fynk wzsoh
;[yfizdo f;zx B{z NkJhw d/ oZfynk j? fJ; eoe/ nZi tes BjhI. fJe wzsoh B{z NkJhw d/Dk j? s/
w[Zy wzsoh bJh NkJhw BjhA, nfijk feT[ I j' fojk j?, gsk BjhI brdk ;h. e[M b'e nky oj/ ;B
fe ;zrs tk;s/ pkdb ;kfjp B{z e[M pZ;K dk fJzsiakw eoB bJh nkfynk ;h go T[jBk B/ fJBeko
eo fdsk. gZek Ej[ gsk e[M BjhI brdk ;h. ;qH ;[yfizdo f;zx, N"jVk ;kfjp tkb/ e'N/ d/ wzsoh
;B, s/ N"jVk ;kfjp dh ;[o pkdb ;kfjp Bkb tXhe obdh BjhI ;h, fJ; rZb dk sK ;kB{z ;G B{z
gsk ;h go ;zsK B{z fJBQK rZbK Bkb eh b?D d/D< T[BQK bJh sK pkdb N"jVk fJe' fij/ j'D/ ukjhd/
;B T[j th yk; eoe/ T[; fdB, T[; gfjb/ fdB id'I T[BQK B/ Ne;kb dk w[yh j'D dh fiw/tkoh
;zGkbh. fgSb/ ;w/I ftu Ne;kb dh ;’[o pkdbfenK Bkb BK obh j't/ edh, w?B{z iK w/o/ Bkb
;pzfXs pzfdnK B{z e'Jh ikDekoh BjhI ;h. 1978 dh ft;kyh B{z tkgfonk fGnkBe fBozekoh esbeKv
sK nrb/ ;kb tkgfonk fi; ftu gzikp ;oeko T[go d';a bZrk fe fBozekoh w[yh r[opuB f;zx B{z
frqcsko eoB dh EK ;oekoh rZvh ftu ;[oZfyns fdZbh g[ukfJnk frnk. eh ;zs ioB?b f;zx gk;

7
e'Jh nfijh ;aesh ;h fi; ;dek T[; B{z ;zGkth xNBktK dhnK eB;'nK fwbD bZrhnK ;B fe e'Jh
j'o ekoB ;h, fJ; dh w?B{z e'Jh ikDekoh BjhI. fi; rZb dh ikDekoh j? T[j fJj j? fe
d;skopzdh tkb/ fdB s'I b? e/ nkgq/;aB pb{;Nko tes ;ajkds sZe, pkdbe/ T[BK s'I d{o jNd/ rJ/
ns/ N"jVk ;kfjp tkbk XVk B/V/ fy;edk nkfJnk.
GkJh nwohe f;zx d/ wB ftu fJ; rZb dk o'; ;h fe fgsk ih dk tko; ;zs ioB?b
f;zx B{z feT[ I Ekfgnk frnk. ofjzd/ r[od[nkok r[odo;aB gqek;a fty/ u"e wfjs/ ;B, go nkg;
ftubh e;awe;a ftu tkXk j' fojk ;h. GkJh nwohe f;zx Ne;kb dhnK rZvhnK b? e/ Xow gquko
bJh fBeb iKd/ s/ nzfwqs gquko eod/. ;zsK dh gqtkj xZN jh eod/. i/ ;zs ioB?b f;zx dk
;fseko Ne;kb d/ w[yh ti'I uzrk pDdk ik fojk ;h sK ;zs eosko f;zx d/ p/N/ j'D ekoB ;zrs
GkJh ;kfjp B{z th nkdo fdzdh. go d'tK dk nkg;h w/b xNdk ik fojk ;h.
S/ e[ wjhB/ bzx/ j'Dr/ fe fJe fdB ;zsK B/ GkJh ;kfjp B{z nkgD/ gk; ;Zd fbnk.
;fseko Bkb fpmk e/ efjD bZr/, @@s[;hI GkJh ;kfjp fJeZb/ jh d"fonK T[go ub/ iKd/ j', i/ fJeZm/
ub/ ikfJnk eohJ/ sK eh joi j't/rk

8
sbtzvh dk nkgDk nekbh db YkJh N'No{nK dk fJeZm ;h s/ T[;dk fdZbh ftu bkfJnk w'ouk m[Z;
j' frnk ;h. N”"jVk ;kfjp dk ;zs e'b tXhe nkT[D ikD fJ; eoe/ ;h feT[fe ;zs wiap{s nkdwh
;h fi;dh uzrh ;aky pD rJh ;h s/ fJ; vzv/ Bkb pkdb B{z e[fNnk ik ;edk ;h. w/o/ nB[Gt
fJZAe BjhI, nB/e jB fe N"jVk ;kfjp dh fJe' fJe nfGbk;ak pkdb ;kfjp B{z w{zj Gko v/r e/
nekbh db dk gqXkB pDe/ w[Zy wzsoh dh e[o;h gqkgs eoBh ;h.
j[D iok nekbhnK dh okiBhsh d/y'. fBozekoh wjzs dk esb j' frnk sd GkJh oDihs
f;zx B{z S[gD bJh ;aoD ukjhdh jh ;h. s/ dwdwh Ne;kb, fi; dh fBozekohnK fto[ZX NZeo ;zs
eosko f;zx B/ S/V fdZsh ;h s'I tXhe Go';/:'r j'o fejVh EK j' ;edh ;h < ;zs ioB?b f;zx B/
GkJh ;kfjp B{z ;[oZfynk godkB ehsh. ;N/iK s'I T[;dh f;cs ;bkj g{o/ fdb firo Bkb ehsh.
id'I dopkok f;zx dh ;oeko B/ GkJh oDihs f;zx B{z Gr"Vk eoko d/ e/ T[; d/ f;o dk w[Zb oZy
fdZsk s/ fejk fe GkJh dk Ej[ fNekDk dZ;D tkb/ B{z Gkoh fJBkw fdZsk ikt/rk, sd ;zs ioB?b
f;zx B/ n?bkB ehsk, @@i/ fes/ w/o/ gk; e'Jh GkJh oDihs f;zx B{z b? e/ nkt/ sd w?A GkJh d/
pokpo tiaB dk ;'Bk T[; B[z{ fJBkw ftu d/tkrK.@@ gq?; fog'oNo g[SD bZr/, @@pkpk ih s[jkv/ gk;
J/Bk ;'Bk j?

9
;oeko dk, g[bh; dk Go';k BjhA ;h ed'A frqcsko eo b?D. niB'jk ;kfjp fiaZd eoB bZr/ sK
nkyo ;zsK B/ g[ZS fbnk, w/o/ ikD Bkb eh coe gt/rk f;zx ;kfjp < w/o/ bJh fJE/ jh d/ra b?
nkfJU. iK nfijk ekoB dZ;'A fe w/ok ikDk feT[A io{oh j?.@ iE/dko ;kfjp p'b/, @s[jkvk ikDk
io{oh j?, w?A fgzv tkfbnK B{z dZ;Dk ukjz[dk jK fe ioB?b f;zx w/ok :ko j?. fJ; s'A tXhe ;akB
j'o fe; rZb ftu j' ;edh j?

10
n;hI fJe gzi w?Apoh ;bkjeko ew/Nh dh ;EkgBk ehsh fijVh iE/dko nekb syas ns/ ;zs
ioB?b f;zx Bkb f;XKse w;fbnk s/ ftuko tNKdok eo ;e/, go ;Zu fJj j? fe iE/dko B{z ns/
;zs B{z fJ; ew/Nh dh edh tXhe io{os wfj;{; Bjh j'Jh. fJ; dh tik fJj ;h fe fJj d't/_
;ay;hnsK JhwkBdko th ;B s/ d{o do;ah th. JhwkBdko nkdwh B{z fe;/ fseVw dh w[Ekirh Bjh_
j[zdh. go ;zs ih B/ j[ew fdsk, "s[jkv/ Bkb rZbK eoB B{z ihn eodk j[zdk j?. wB sK fJj
eodk j? fe d' tko nk ikfJnk eo' go ;co nkfde dh w[;aeb br/ sK fJe tko wjhB/ ftu jo
jkbs fwbDk j?. eh gsk fezBk e[ fuo ;kjK dh bVh uZb/rh. fJj efje/ ;zs u[g eo iKd/ s/
n;h_ pkjo nke/ ;'ud/ fe woB w[oB dhnK rZbK ci{b eodk j? pkpk. dopko ;kfjp s/ jwbk
eoB dh w{oysk e"D eo/rk?
1981 ftu iowB s'_ fJe ;ekbo e[Vh gzikp ftu nkJh. T[;dk Bkw ;h J/_ibk vhEfo;a.
T[j f;Zy Xow T[go vkeNo/N eo ojh ;h. ;kv/ fvgkoNw?_N r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx GtB ftu nk rJh.
eJhnK B{z fwbh s/ B'N; bJ/. ftuko tNKdok ehsk. fJe fdB w?B{z efjD bZrh- w?_ nyapkoK
fo;kfbnK ftu ;zs ioB?b f;zx dk Bkw ;[fDnK j?. eh w?_ fe;/ ;w/_ T[BQK dh fJzNoftT{ eo ;edh
jK? w?_ T[;B{z fwbkD bJh u"e wfjs/ b? frnk. T[; Bkb ;zsK dh whfNzr j'Jh. doiDk ;tkb g[S/,
;zs[;aN j'Jh. ;zs ih d/ ewo/ ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dh s;tho Nzrh j'Jh ;h. p'bh- w?_ ;[fDnK
j? fe f;Zy p[Zs-g{i Bjh_ jB. fco s[;h_ fJj s;tho feT[ _ bNekJh j?? ;zs ih B/ fejk- w?_ g{ik
Bjh_ eodk fJ; s;tho dh. fJ; dk f;oc ;fseko eodk jK. T[j p'bh- feogk eoe/ dZ;Dk
;fseko dh jZd feE/ e[ sZe ysw j[zdh j? s/ fco g{ik feE'_ e[ ;a[o{ j' ikfJnk eodh j?? " ;zs
jZ; gJ/ s/ fejk- wz[fvU fJjBk nkgD/ wfjwkBk bJh gq;akd gkDh s/ fojkfJ;a dk fJzsiakw eo'. d{o'_
nkJ/ jB. e'Jh xkN Bk oj/ fe;/ t;s{ dh.
oks g? rJh. ;kB{z ykDk y[nkD fgS'_ ;oK ftu ewok d/ fdZsk. rowhnK dh o[Zs ;h. nzdo
gZyk ;h go w?_ nkgDh wzih fyZu e/ pkjo toKv/ ftu fbikD bJh X{jD bZrk sK e[Vh p'bh- pkjo
rowh j?. T[E/ gZyk BjhI. s{z fJE/ feT[ _ Bjh_ ;" _dk? w?_ fejk- Bjh_, w?_ pkjo gtKrk. ;kvk d'tK dk
fJe' ewo/ ftu ;"Dk uzrk Bjh. T[j GVe gJh. bVB' Bk jN/. nkyh ikt/- fJ; dk wsbp j? fe
s{z gyzvh j?_. w?_ s?B{z yk Bjh iktKrh. go s?B{z nkgD/ nkg T[s/ fJspko Bjh_. fej' fij/ j' s[;h_
f;Zy? T[; B/ w/o/ fto[ZX w/o/ ;kjwD/ fijV/ xNhnk ft;a /;aD nzro/iah d/ bkJ/ T[BQK ftu' eJhnK d/
noE w?B{z Bjh nkT[ _d/ ;B. pkd ftu th w?_ Bk fe;/ B{z T[BQK d/ noE g[ZS/ Bk fve;aBoh ftu'_ d/y/.
w?_ T[BQK rkbK dk noE feT[_ ikDk? r{zrV fijk pD e/ w?_ nkgDh wzih pkjo x;hN fbnkfJnk s/
T[; B{z pkjo'_ e[zvk wko e/ rowh ftu ;"_ frnk. w?_ Å[eo ehsk fe Ne;kb d/ ekfozfdnK B/ T[; B{z
;[fDnk Bjh_, Bjh_ sK fJ; dk noE fJj eZfYnk ik ;edk ;h fe ;akfJd w?_ T[; B{z S/V fdZsk j?.
nzro/iah fe;/ B{z nkT[ _dh Bjh_ ;h T[E/.
fJe fdB efjD bZrh- w?_ ;[fDnk j? ;wkD/ pV/ tv/ g[okD/ E/j jB. pkpk pzdk f;zx B/ id'_
;wkDk spkj ehsk ;h T[d'_ d/ jB. s{z fdyk fbnkJ/_rk w?B{z? n;h_ uZb gJ/. ;G EktK d/yhnK.
rowh dk w";w ;h. e[M nkokw eoB bJh fJe y'y/ ftu p?m rJ/. T[E/ 12-13 ;kb dk w[zvk ;h.
T[; B{z ukj fgbkT[D bJh fejk, ukj fsnko j' rJh. fJe nZX x[ZN jh Gfonk j't/rk fe ;kJheb
T[go fJe pzdk nkfJnk s/ j"bh d/ e/ e'Jh rZb w[zv/ d/ ezB ftu nkye/ s[os tkg; gos frnk.
fJj w[zvk, fijVk fe pkDhnK brdk ;h, j"bh j"bh o'Jh th frnk s/ ;kwkB pkjo'_ u[e u[e nzdo
th oZyD bZrk. E'VQk e[ ;kwkB ;h. ;kok oZy fdZsk sK T[j yb' e/ T[vhe eoB bZrk fe n;h ukj
w[ek e/ ed'I iKd/ jK. BhthI gkJh yb's/ o'_d/ pu/ B{z d/ye/ ;kv/ s'_ fejVh ukj gh j'Dh ;h, n;h_I
ftu/ Sv Svk e/ pDd/ g?;/ T[; B{z cVkJ/ s/ pkjo j' rJ/. T[; B/ ;kv/ tkbhnK fgnkbhnK X'JhnK,
d[ekB B{z fizdk wkfonk s/ d"V frnk. ikDB bJh fe ;kJheb ;tko eh ;[B/jk d/ e/ frnk ;h, fi;
eoe/ fJj w[zvk o'D bZr fgnk, w?_ rtKYh d[ekBdko B{z g[ZfSnk. T[;B/ dZf;nk fe uko gzi wjhfBnK
s'_ fJ; dk fgsk fpwko ;h. ;kJheb tkbk dZ; e/ frnk j? fe T[j Bjh_ fojk, s{z xo ubk ik.

11
w?E'_ fJj rZb ;[DB fgS'_ J/_ibk B/ fejk- fJj w[zvk w?B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih dk ;tZS f;Zy bZfrnk
j?. w? g[ZfSnk- T[j fet/_? efjD bZrh- d/y', fJ; S'Nh T[wo d/ w[zv/ B/ tZvh d[ydkJh ypo ;[Dh.
T[j d[ekB fJt/_ SZv e/ th d"V ;edk ;h. rtKYh nkg/ pzd eo fdzd/. fJ; w[zv/ B/ sK ;kB{z th
fJj Bjh_ fejk fe s[;h ikU w?_ d[ekB pzd eoBh j?. r[o{ ih B/ f;ZyK B{z fJj' sK f;ykfJnk j? fe
x'o ;zeN d/ ;w/_ ftu th nkgDh fiaw/tkoh Bjh G[ZbDh. fJ; ;ZN s'_ pkd th d[ekB gqsh ns/ nkgD/
rkje gqsh coia B{z G[Zfbnk Bjh_ fJj w[zvk. fJj' sK j? nkoBbv skfJBph dk u?b?_i n?_v fo;gK;
f;XKs. skfJBph nydk j?, ukj/ fe;/ e"w B{z goyDk j'J/, ukj/ ;wki B{z, ukj/ fJe pzd/ B{z, fJj
d/y' fe T[; B{z u?b?_i fej' fijk fwfbnk s/ fco T[; B/ u?b?_i ep{b eoe/ eh ftjko ehsk.;wfMnk?
gsk bZrk fe pkp/ gfNnkb/ g[i rJ/ jB. d[y fBtkoB ;kfjp v/o/ bkJ/ jB. ;akw B{z eEk
eod/ j[zd/ ;B. J/Bh ;zrs j[zdh fe p?mD B{z EK Bk bZGdh. w/o/ fwZso o;agkb f;zx frZb fiE/
gfoeowK ftu p?m/ ;B w?_ th T[BQK d/ Biadhe ik p?mk s/ eEk ;[DB bZrk. ;wkgsh j'Jh sK ;zs ih
;oK tb ikD bZr/. ekch ;ko/ j'o b'eK tKr w?_ s/ frZb th fgS/ fgS/ s[o gJ/. ;kjwfDU fJe
wkJh s/iah Bkb nkJh s/ T[; B/ ;zsK d/ uoB S[jD/ ukj/. pkp/ o[e rJ/. nkb/ d[nkb/ pzfdnK B{z
efjD bZr/- ykb;k ih iok o[e' s/ e[ZM fgS/ jN'. fco wkJh B{z efjD bZr/- phph nkokw Bkb g?oK
B{z jZE bk. ekjbh Bk eo. fJE'_ i' e[M eZY e/ fbikJ/_rh T[j w?B{z th fdyk ikJh_. fJj nkb/
d[nkb/ yb's/ b'e th d/y b?Dr/ fe fejVh d[obG t;s{ b? e/ rJh j?_. fJj th b? ikDr/. T[;
phph B/ fywk wzrh s/ ubh rJh. w/o/ Bkb yb'sk frZb jZ; fgnk s/ fejk- edh edh fJj ;kX
finkdsh eodk j? b'eK s/. s{z nkg d/y, fJjd/ ;kjwD/ f;Xk yV/Q ofjD B{z fe;/ dk fdb eodk
j?? fJU[_ Bjh_ brdk fe fJjd/ ;kjwD/ M[eD ftu fJZis j??
go T[j g?oh jZE b[nkT[D d/ fybkc ;B s/ T[bzxDk eoB tkfbnk B{z ;ys ;apdK d/ e'V/
ykD/ g?_d/. w?_ Yhm fijk pzdk jK. id'_ gfNnkb/ s'_ nzfwqs;o iKdk sK cfsj th p[bkT[ _dk s/ Bkb
p?m e/ r'vk S[j b?_dk. e[M Bk efjzd/. fJe fdB w?_ g[ZS fbnk- pkpk ih s[;h_ r'v/ jZE b[nkT[D d/
;ys fybkc j'. w?_ j[D s[jkvk r'vk cVh p?mk jK, w?B{z e[ZM Bjh_ nkyd/ s[;h. p'b/- s{z fejVk fe;/
;aoXkt; nfijk eodk j?? s{z sK w?B{z S/VBk ukj[zdk j?I. w?_ s/o/ s'_ Bk fSVB dk c?;bk eo oZfynk
j?. r'v/ jZE bkT[D dh rZb SZv, s{z sK bZsK x[ZN ikfJnk eo ukj/.
;[yfizdo f;zx (T[d'I nekbh f;fynk wzsoh) eJh tko ;zsK B{z fwbD nkT[ _dk s/ d/o se p?mk
rZbK eodk, ;[Ddk. fe;/ B/ ;zsK B{z fejk- fJj uzrk pzdk Bjh. fJ; B{z tXhe w{zj Bk bkfJnk eo'
pkpk ih. ;zs p'b/, nkT[ _dk iKdk e[ZM d/ e/ jh iKdk j?, nkgD/ e'b'_ eh b? iKdk j?? id'__ e[ZM b? e/
ikD bZrk fco rZb efoU.
;zrsK nkT[dhnK, wkfJnk nogD eodhnK. c;b nkT[D t/b/ g?;/ tZX nkT[_d/. T[j cVd/,
p'M/ ftu gk b? _d/. w?_ fejk- pkfpU ;hiaB j' frnk j? ;a[o{. p'M/ v/Y v/Y ria d/ b[nkT[ sK ezw
uZb/rk. p'b/- w?_ e'Jh Bkb b? ikD/ jB fJj B'N? s[jkvh jh ;/tk eodk jK bzro gq;akd/ dh. fbnk
pJh, o;agkb f;zxk fJBQK f;zxK B{z yho y[nk. o;agkb f;zx ph an?;;h aeoe/ T[BQK dh ;/tk ftu
rVtJh jkiao j' frnk ;h, yho d/ e"b/ Go fbnkfJnk. mzYh mko yho ftu nzr{o gkJ/ j'J/ ;B.
yho dh f;cs ehsh sK ;zs p'b/- fijV/ fijV/ fJ; yho dk nkBzd b? oj/ jB e[ZN pVh gJ/rh
T[BQK B{z. wko ykD t/b/ ;'u'r/, Bk yho yKd/ ;"y/ ofjzd/.. fJj efjD fgS'_ y{p jZ;/. ;ko/ iD/ jZ;/.
1982 ftu T[BQK B/ ftdtkBk dh fJe ;Gk p[bkJh. w?B{z eJh ;Zdk-gZso ekov gfNnkb/ G/i e/ ;[B/jk
fdZsk fe gfNnkb/ ns/ uzvhrVQ d/ fwZsoK fgnkfonK B{z ekov s{z d/ e/ g[ZiD dh p/Bsh eohI. ekov
tzv fdZs/ rJ/. ;zsK B/ g[ZfSnk- ;G nk ikDr/? w?_ fejk- ih ;G B/ jK ehsh j?. fJe r[odo;aB
f;zx ro/tkb (fgS'_ n?vt'e/N iBob gzikp ;oeko pD/) B/ fejk j? fe T[BQK s'_ nk Bjh_ j'Dk feT[_fe
ndkbs d/ ezwK ftu pj[s o[M/ j'J/ jB. ;zs p'b/- ro/tkb f;nkD/ j[zd/ jB. f;nkD/ pzd/ w/o/ e'b
nk e/ okiah Bjh, feT[ _fe T[BQK B{z gsk j? fe fJ; ;kX eoe/ e'Jh oZcV fSV/rk jh fSV/rk. fijV/
w?E'_ d{o d{o ofjDr/ T[j ;[yh tZ;Dr/.

12
gzikp ftu' _ d' e[ ;" d/ eohp gq'c?;o, tehb ns/ gZsoeko nkfde g[Zi/. jo/e d/ wB ftu
nfij/ Gkt ;B fe e/_do ;oeko B{z f;ZyK Bkb p/fJB;kch Bjh_ eoBh ukjhdh. ;sb[i-:wBk fbze
bfjo okjh gzikp dk gkDh jfonkD/ B{z d/D tk;s/ fJzdok rKXh eg{oh fgzv ftu ejh dk NZe bk e/
T[dxkNBh o;w eo rJh ;h s/ pkeh ezw eo/Bk B/ ;zGkb fbnk ;h. nekbhnK dk fJ; fto[ZX
bkfJnk w'ouk dw s'V fojk ;h. j[D eh ehsk ikt/? ;G nkgD/ nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eo oj/ ;B.
w?B{z tXhe e[ZM sK :kd Bjh_ go J/Bk :kd j? fe ;q a r[os/i f;zx f;ZX{ nkJh aJ/ an?; a th g[Zi/ j'J/
;B s/ T[BQK B/ 9 fJzu dh feogkB ewhi d/ T[go dh gfjBh j'Jh ;h. feogkB dk fwnkB fgZsb
dk pVh ;[jDh fb;ae tkbk ;h. T[j d; e[ fwzN, fizBK ;wK p'b/, feogkB dh ;KG ;zGkb ftu
T[bMd/ oj/. edh E'Vh nr/ ;oek b?_d/ edh ekch fgZS/ eo b? _d/ s/ fco tZyh pokpo b? nkT[_d/.
edh d'jK jZEK ftu geV b?_d/. w/o/ bkr/ p?mk tehb efjD bZrk- edh edkJh gzrk b?D dk Bshik
fJj' fBebdk j?. o'i gkJh j't/ sK nZebekBh Bjh_ nkT[_dh, j[D pkJh s'_ Bk Gk;aD ;zGbdk j? Bk
feogkB.
pkpk mkok f;zx s/ GkJh nwohe f;zx B{z frqcsko eo fbnk frnk. f;Zy ;N{v?_N; c?vo/;aB
dk iBob ;eZso jofwzdo f;zx ;zX{, okfizdo f;zx wfjsk ns/ nwoihs f;zx uktbk sK eJh tko
frqcsko j'J/. ;zs fGzvoKtkb/ d/ d[nkb/ nfdZy Bkr tb wko fojk ;h fijVk ;kB{z fe;/ B{z Bjh_
fd;dk ;h.
iE/dkoK B/ c?;bk ehsk fe nekbh fJe' EK nzfwqs;ao s'_ w'ouk ubkT[D, tZy tZy vcbh
tikT[D dk B[e;kB j' fojk j?. sbtzvh dk nkBzdg[o ws/ dh gqkgsh dk w'ouk fdZbh uZb fojk ;h
s/ jo o'i gzi f;Zy frqcskoh bJh fwbD' jN rJ/ ;B. b" Ir'tkb d/ eg{oh w'ou/ dh ;a[o{nks jh
ekwo/vK ekoB ftrV rJh ;h. j'fJnk fJj fe efwT[fB;NK dk n?; atkJh an?b a fto[ZX fJe fpnkB
nypkoK ftu nkfJnk fi; ftu T[BQK fejk fe Xow :[ZX w'ofunK dk e'Jh ckfJdk Bjh. gzikp dh
nkofEesk spkj j' ojh j?. i/ nekbh nkofEe gZy b? e/ n?; atkJh an?bH fto[ZX w'ouk bkT[D sK
fJ; w[Zd/ s/ n;h_ T[BQK dh jwkfJs eoKr/. nekbhnK B/ rZb ;theko eo bJh. bkb Mzv/ ns/
e/;oh Mzv/ fJeZm/ bfjokJ/ aaa a a Bkb Bkb ub/ a a a p'b/ ;' fBjkb ns/ fJBebkp fizdkpkd d/ Bkno/
bZr/ s/ fJzdok rKXh B{z NZe Bjh_ bkT[D fdZsk ikJ/rk, dk n?bkB eoe/ fJj c"iK eg{oh tZb wkou
eoB bZrhnK. p/;ae nekbhnK s/ ekwo/vK dk w'ouk ;aKswJh ;h go g[bh; B/ T[j bkmh toQkJh fe
oj/ oZp dk Bkw. nEo{ r?;, gkDh dhnK p[SkVK s/ vKrK aa a a ;G ekwo/v bkmh ukoi s'_ gfjb'_ jh
bkb co/o/ ;[ ZN e/ joB j' rJ/ s/ nekbhnK B{z fJT[_ e[ZfNnk frnk fit/_ SZbhnK e[ZNh_dhnk jB. sK
th, nekbh w'ouk SZv e/ GZi/ Bjh_. frqcsko j'J/. w[Ve/ Bk ekwo/vK B/ nekbhnK Bkb ob e/
w'ouk bkfJnk Bk nekbhnK B/ T[BQK d/ fJBebkph Mzv/ T[go fJspko ehsk.
id'_ ;ko/ nekbh dbK B/ obe/ w'ou/ dh ;a[[o{nks dopko ;kfjp s'_ eoBh ;h w?_ T[E/ w"i{d
;K. pV/ Gk;aD j'J/. feT[ _fe w'ou/ dh ;aesh dk e/_do ;zs ioB?b f;zx pDd/ ik oj/ ;B fJ;
eoe/ bhvoK d/ Gk;aD T[BQK tb tX/o/ eoe/ ;/Xs ;B. iE/dko r[ouoB f;zx N"jVk gqXkB ;aq'wDh r[
agq aew/Nh B/ fejk, ;zs ih w'ouk ekw:kp sd j't/rk i/ jo/e f;Zy d/ xo'_ xZN' xZN fJe pzdk w'ou/
ftu ;akwb j'e/ frqcskoh dJ/rk. phph okfizdo e'"o p'b/- w'ouk e[opkBh wzrdk j? ;zs ih. i/
bhvo e[opkBh d/Dr/, fJe fJe eoe/, sd w'ouk ekw:kp j't/rk, w{zj iapkBh ekoi Bjh_ ;ztoB
br/. j'o bhvoK B/ pE/ok e[ZM fejk go j[D J/Bk e[ :kd j? fe ;zs nyho ftu p'b/ s/ fejk-
N"'jVk ;kfjp B/ fejk j? fe fJe fJe xo ftu' _ xZN' xZN fJe fJe pzdk w'ou/ ftu ;akwb j'e/
frqcskoh dJ/. fJe fJe Bjh, fJe B{z sK efjDk gt/rk s{z xo ofj, ;ko/ nkT[Dr/, i/bQh_ ikD bJh
Bjh_, woB bJh th. go mZrh Bjh uZb/rh. ojh rZb phph ih okfizdo e"o dh. ;jh j? fe w'ouk
bhvo dh e[opkBh wzrdk j?. w?_ sK bhvo Bjh jK. w?_ sK wfjs/ u"e dk ;kX jK. bhvo p?m/ jB
fJE/. pkdb ;kfjp, sbtzvh ;kfjp, N"jVk ;kfjp, poBkbk ;kfjp s/ b"r'tkb ;kfjp. fJj d/Dr/
e[opkBhnK tes nkT[D s/. nfijk dkntk eoB' w?_ sK fMiedk jK fe ikB d/ fdnKrk gzE dh ;/tk
ftu. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk gqek;a j? fJE/, r[o{ o{g ;kX ;zrs w"i{d j?. w?_ M{m Bjh p'b ;edk
ykb;k ih. woBk e'Jh ;"yh rZb E'VQh j?. e[M b'e w?B{z nke/ nkyd/ jB fe nkBzdg[o d/ ws/ dh
gqkgsh bJh iE/dkoK B/ i' ;j[znK ykXhnK jB T[j ;G s'V s{V d/Dr/. GkJhU i/ fJj bhvo fgZm
d/ rJ/ sK s[jkE'_ GZi e/ feE/ ikDr/? fJj fezB/ e[ jB? gzi ;Zs, s/ s[;h_? eo'VK. feT[_ GZiD fdT[r/

13
s[;h_ fJBQK B{z? feE/ ikDr/ GZi e/ fJj? fiBQK B{z s[;h oki rZdhnK s/ fpmkfJnk T[j r[o{ dh jkioh
ftu ykXhnK ;j[znK fet/_ s'V d/Dr/? fJj rZbK ;[De/ eowihs f;zx B/ fejk- ;[fDnk e[ ZM? yok
nkdwh fJT_[_ p'bdk j[zdk j?. coia eo bt' nfijk tes nk iKdk j? fe w"s dk ;kjwDk j[zdk j?
sd fJj fJeZbk ;kX ;kjwDk eo/rk pkeh d/ ;G GZiDr/, d/y bth_I.
wkBktkbk fgzv d/ bkr/ g[bh; B/ xks bke/ ihg ftu ;tko fGzvoKtkb/ iE/ d/ f;zx oks B{z
wko fds/. gzikp e/;oh nypko ;w{j B/ fsZyk fwou w;kbk bk e/ ypo bkJh- ;kEhT[ e/ woB/ eh
ypo ;[B eo fGzvoKtkbk c{N c{N eo o':k. ypo gVQ e/ ;zs B/ fejk- fi; pzd/ Bkb s[;h_ ;akwh
fJe EK ykDk ykXk ;t/o/ T[;dh w"s dh ypo ;[D e/ fe; B{z d[y Bjh_ j't/rk? bkb/ B{z nfijh ;[o
ftu w"s dhnK s/ w"s d/ d[y dhnK ypoK Bjh_ SkgDhnK ukjhdhnK. id'_ f;y ;N{v?_N; B/ nzfwqs;o
B{z gftso ;afjo dk doik fdtkT[D tk;s/ ib{; eZfYnk s/ ;oeko gk;' _ wzr ehsh fe ;afjo ftu
pBko; dh soia s/ whN, ;aokp s/ szpke{ dh fteoh s/ gkpzdh j't/ sd fJ; ib{; dh ypo dh
;[oyh bkbk nypko ro[Zg B/ fJT[ _ Skgh- nzfwqs;o ;afjo w/_ fGzvoKtkb/ e/ r[zv'_ ek Bzrk Bku. t?;/
fJ;/ ;[oyh j/m ypo ftu fJj fbfynk frnk ;h fe ib{; B/ Bk e'Jh d[ekB ipod;sh pzd
eotkJh s/ Bk fe;/ EK fjz;e tkodks ;[DB B{z fwbh.
dopkok f;zx ;oeko B/ fGzvoKtkb/ iE/ d/ jfEnkoK d/ bkfJ;z; oZd eoB dk j[ew fdZsk s/
fejk fe nkgD/ jfEnko EkD/ iwQK eotk fdT[. ;zs B/ itkp fdZsk- ;kvk iEk whN wk; d/ B/fVT[_
Bjh_ bzxdk. pzdk sK eh wkoBk n;h_ fuVh wkoB BP{z gkg ;wMd/ jK. go ;kv/ gk; ;p{s jB fe
gzikp g[bh; fjz;e j? s/ M{m/ g[bh; w[ekpb/ pDk e/ fjok;s ftu bJ/ f;zxK B{z esb eodh j?.
g[bh; B{z ukjhdk j? fe T[j nkgD/ jfEnko ;kv/ gk; u"e wfjs/ iwQK eotk ikD. n;h_ T[BQK dh
jofria d[otos'_ Bjh_ j'D fdnKr/.
pdBkw eoB bJh fJj' fijh_nK nctkjK xVhnK rJhnK fe T[BQK B/ fJe xVk oZfynk
j'fJnk j?. fi; fi; pzd/ B{z wkoBk j[zdk j? T[;dk Bkw gouh s/ fby fby xV/ ftu gkJh iKdk
j?. fco fijVh gouh jZE ftu nkJ/ T[j feZbo-;e[n?v B{z cVk fdzdk j?. fJe fJe f;Zy tb' _ g?_sh
g?_sh fjzd{ wkoB dh ypo whvhJ/ B/ d[BhnK d/ e'B/ e'B/ ftu g[ukJh. T[j ypo S[gkJh rJh fi;d/
gqsheow ti'_ fGzvoKtkb/ B/ T[es fpnkB fdZsk ;h. j'fJnk fJj ;h fe pkb mkeo/ B/ fpnkB
dkfrnk- i/ gzikp d/ fjzd{nK dk B[e;kB eoB dk :sB ehsk frnk sK gzikp s'_ pkjo dk e'Jh
f;Zy fiT[_dk Bjh_ SZvKr/. fco th, n;h eJh ifDnK B/ fwbe/ ;zs ih B{z nkfynk fe nkgK B{z nfij/
fpnkB d/D/ ;'aGk Bjh_ fdzd/. fJj fpnkB f;ZyK dk tXhe B[e;kB eo ;ed/ jB. ;zs p'b/- s[;h_
GkJh nwohe f;zx ns/ jofwzdo f;zx ;zX{ Bkb rZb eo'. id'_ w?_ gfVQnk fbfynK dh ;bkj b? e/
fpnkB fdzdk jK sK w?B{z T[bKG/ fwbd/ jB.
gZsoekoK B/ fJe fdB g[ZfSnk- ;zs ih nekbh bhvo s[jkv/ T[go d';a bkT[ _d/ jB fe s[jkvh
eKro; gkoNh Bkb rzY s[g j?. jtkb/ ti'_ iE/dko ;zs'y f;zx fdZbh tkfbnK dk Bkw b? _d? jB.
@@fJBQK B{z w/o/ T[go sK e/tb ;a Ze j? Bk fe w/oh eKro; Bkb e'Jh ;KM j? go w?B{z
iE/dkoK T[go ;aZe Bjh_, gZek gsk j? fe T[BQK dh Gkosh iBsk gkoNh Bkb n?bkBhnK ;KM j?. fJj
ph ai/ agh gzE dh fizBh e[ ;/tk bkbk irs BkokfJD okjh_ eo ojh_ j? s[jkB{z th gsk j?. fJj
fcoekgq;s eZNV fjzd{nK Bkb fdB oks fGnkbh gke/ oZyD sd fpbe[b ;jh, go w?_ i/ fJe
nzfwqsXkoh f;Zy iZE/dko ;zs'y f;zx Bkb ;pzX oZyK sK w?_ p[ok jK s/ eKro;hnk j' frnk jK."
p?fmnK p?fmnK fJe fdB ;kB{z efjD bZr/- gq'c?;o' fBsZB/w eod/ j[zd/ j' fe Bjh_? w?_ fejk- uko
pkDhnK iapkBh :kd jB T[j sK eo b?_dk jK go ikg ;kfjp :kd Bjh_ j[zdk. r[Nek u[ Ze', p?m' gkm
eo'. eJh tko nfijk j[zdk j? fe ikg ;kfjp dk gkm y[zM iKdk j?. efjD bZr/- fijV/ fBsB/w
Bjh_ eod/ T[BQK B{z w?_ vzv p?meK eYtkT[ _dk j[zdk jK. w?_ fejk- fJj sK ;"yk ezw j' frnk fco.
nkfJnk eoKr/, p?meK eZY ikfJnk eoKr/. fBZsB/w s'_ sK w[esh fwb/rh fco pkfpU? jZ; gJ/

14
s/ efjD bZr/- w/ok wsbp s[;h_ nkgDh ;"y tk;s/ j'o eZY fbnk. gsBh, phph gqhsw e"o, pZfunK
;w/s id'_ fwbD nkT[ _d/ sK ;zrs ftu fwbd/, tZy Bjh. fJt/_ jh pkg{ i'frzdo f;zx ns/ Gok. fJZe
tho f;zx B{z SZv e/ pkeh GoktK d/ ftjko B{z T[j g;zd Bjh eod/ ;B.
d;wrqzE pkps T[BQK fejk- r[oP{ rqzE ;kfjp f;Zyh dk wfjb j? fi;d/ d[nkb/ ;qh d;wrqzE dk
febQk T[;kfonk frnk. d;w rqzE ;{ofwnK ;zrokwhnK dh pkDh j?. d;w rqzE d/ jo/e nze T[go
s[jkB{z NeokT[ _dhnK s/rK dhnK MzekoK, jkEhnK dhnK uzfxnkVK, ;a/oK dhnK roiK ns/ s/ia d"Vd/
x'fVnK dhnK NkgK ;[DkJh fdzdhnK jB. p[iafdb pzd/ sK fJ; dk gkm th Bjh_ eo ;ed/. T[BQK dh
fJj fNZgDh gq' a fgnkok f;zx gdw B/ B'N eo bJh s/ T[BQK gk;' gqtkBrh b? e/ d;w rqzE do;aB
feskp d/ NkJhNb gzB/ T[Zgo Skgh.
wkB;k nkgD/ ;j[o/ gfotko B{z fwbD frnk j'fJnk ;K sK w?_ ezXK T[go fJ;afsjko bZr/ d/y/
fe r[od[nko/ eEk eoB bJh ;zs ioB?b f;zx nk oj/ jB. fJj 1983 dh rZb j?. nkgDh gsBh
B{z fejk fe ub' Bkb/ eEk ;[D nkJhJ/ Bkb/ ;zsK B{z cfsj p[bk nkJhJ/. eEk ;[D e/ ;fs ;qh
nekb efjD s[o gJ/. w/oh gsBh B/ fJe ;kb dk p/Nk r'd u[ Zfenk j'fJnk ;h. efjD bZrh- pkpk
ih eke/ B{z n;h; fdT[. ;zsK B/ T[; d/ f;o T[go d' fszB tko j"bh j"bh sho dh m'jeo wkoh sK
ekek fyV fyVk e/ jZ; fgnk. ;zs th jZ; gJ/, efjD bZr/- fJ; dh NZbh ftu wDek d/yDk ;h j?
fe Bjh_. uzrh tidh j? NZbh fJ;dh. eJh NZbhnK fpBQK wDe/ s'_ s[ohnK fcodhnK jB.
;B 1984 ufVQnk. wkou ftu f;Zy ;N{v? _N; c?vo/;aB T[go gkpzdh bZr rJh sK w?B{z
frqcsko eo fbnk frnk. i/bQ ftu y[chnk ftGkr d/ nc;o nkJ/ sK ;[gov?N d/ ewo/ ftu ;Zfdnk
frnk. efjD bZr/- gq'c/;o ;kfjp s[;h_ fby e/ d/ fdT[ fe w?_ f;y ;N{v?_N; c?vo/;aB dk w?_po Bjh_
jK, s[jkB{z fojk eo fdzd/ jK. w?_ fejk fe w?_ ;N{v? _N jK jh Bjh_. w?_ nfXnkge iE/pzdh dk w?_po
io{o jK, ftfdnkoEh iE/pzdh dk w?_po j'D dk feE'_ ;tkb g?dk j' frnk? T[j efjD fe s[jkv/ T[go
d';a fJj' j?. w?_ fejk fJj d';a s[;h_ bkfJnk j? s[;h_ ikD', w?B{z fJ;dk eh fJbw? y?ao fojkJh j'Jh
sK w?_ dopko ;kfjp ubk frnk.
wkj"b sDkTg{oB ;h, rowh th g{oh g?D bZrh. n;h_ eJh iD/ ;zs ih d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ p?m/
rZbK eo ;[D oj/ ;K. d' e[ doiD f;Zy ca"ih todhnK ;w/s nkJ/. cfsj p[bk e/ p?m rJ/. ;zsK
B/ g[fSnk- fet/_ nkJ/ j' GkJh? ;{p/dko B/ df;nk- ih ;kvh gbNB nzfwqs;o nkJh j?. dopko
;kfjp wZEk N/eD nkJ/ sK eJh i[nkB efjD br/ ;zs ih d/ do;aB th eo uZbhJ/. s[jkvk fiaeo
nypkoK ftu gfVQnk j? n;h_. ;zsK B/ g[ZfSnk- w?B[{z fwbD dh fJZSk feT[ _ j'Jh? fJe c"ih B/ fejkih
s[;h ;kB{z uzr/ brd/ j'. fJ; c"ih B/ ns/ eJhnK j'oK B/ dkjVhnK e[sohnK j'JhnK ;B. ;zs
efjD bZr/- fijVk uzrk brdk j't/ T[; tork pDB B{z wB eodk j[zdk j?. w?B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx
wjkoki uzr/ brd/ jB. T[jBk tor/ sK nkgK pD Bjh ;ed/ go T[BQK fijh ;{os XkoB eoB
ftu sK e'Jh w[;aeb Bjh_ nkT[ _dh. s[jkv/ nr/ w/oh fJj p/Bsh j? fe nkgD/ e/;K dh p/ndph Bk
efoU nr' _ B{z. e[M d/o ;zs u[g oj/. fco fejk- E'VQ/ ;w/_ pkd s[;h_ w/o/ T[go jwbk eoB
nkT[r/. j' ;edk j? nkgD/ w[ekpb/ j' ikD. c"ih efjD bZr/- Bjh_ pkpk ih. fJj s[;h_ eh nkyD
bZr/ j'? fJj fet/_ j' ;edk j? ? s[jkv/ s/ jwbk sK dopko ;kfjp s/ jwbk j?. fJj eh nky oj/
j'? ;zs B/ fejk s[jkv/ t; ftu Bjh_ e[ZM, BK w/o/ t; ftu. fiBQK d/ t; ftu j? T[j eoh fcod/
jB c?;bk. ub'. d/yh ikJ/rh. r[o{ i' eo/rk Gbh eo/rk. jwb/ t/b/ s[;h_ wjkoki B{z iao{o :kd
oZyDk.
c"ih ub/ rJ/. fJe :kso{ B/ fejk- pkpk ih w/oh T[wo s[jkB{z bZr ikt/. ;zs jZ; gJ/feT[
_ pJh s/oh T[wo feT[ _ bZr/ w?B{z? i/ r[o{ pkp/ w?B{z fgnko eod/ j'D sd w?Bz{ gfjbK p[bkDr/
nkgD/ gk;. i/ s/oh b'V j'Jh s?B{z b? ikDr/ go nkgK EktK Bjh_ pdb ;ed/ fJe d{i/ Bkb nkgDh
woiah nB[;ko. w?_ fejk- pkpk ih fJE'_ dopko ;kfjp ftu' _ fBeb e/ fe;/ j'o EK ub/ ikU sK uzrk
Bk j't/ Gbk? T[BK fejk- w?_ fxfonk j'fJnk jK. pkjo feXo/ ik th ;edk jK, e'Jh w[;afeb Bjh,
go Bjh_ iktKrk. fJ; s'_ tvh UN feE/ fwb/rh w?B{z dopko ;kfjp Bkb' _? dZ;' fejVk j'o EK uzrk
j? w/o/ bJh. w?_ fejk- j'J/rk fJj fe fJe ijki s[jkv/ T[go pzp ;[ZN ikt/rk. fJzdok rKXh n?bkB
eo dJ/rh fe gkfe;skBh ijki B/ fJj ekok ehsk j?. fJ; bJh nkyd/ jK fe Nb ikU. ;zs B/

15
fejk- w/o/ ns/ fJzdok phph d/ nkg;h ;zpzX J/B/ fBZyo/ j'J/ jB fe i/ gkfe;skB pzp ;[ZN ikt/ fJ;
t/b/, sK f;Zy efjDr/ fe fJzdok rKXh dh eos{s j?. ;kv/ pko/ fe;/ B{z e'Jh rbs cafjwh Bjh_
j[D. ;[B/jk b? e/ e'Jh d{s nkT[_dk fe phph fJzdok B/ fwbDk ukfjnk j?, fdZbh ik e/ whfNzr eo
bt' sd T[ Zso j[zdk, fJE'_ nzfwqs;o s'_ fdZbh fizBh d{o j? T[ZBK jh fdZbh s'_ nzfwqs;o g?_dk j?. phph
fJE/ dopko ;kfjp nk ikt/? T[BQK B[{z gZek gsk ;h fe gqXkB wzsoh d/ fdb ftu eh j?, fpbe[b
T[;/ soKQ fit/_ r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp B{z n"ozria/p d/ fdb dh rZb dk gsk ;h. ok;aNoh s/
nzsook;aNoh gZsoeko nkT[_d/, f;nk;sdkB nkT[ _d/, ;zs B{z ;tkb eod/, T[so d/D t/b/ edh d[fpXk
ftu Bjh_ j[zd/ ;B, edh b/gthI g'uthI rZb Bjh_ eod/ ;B s/ fpnkB d/D T[gozs p/u?B Bjh_ j[zd/
;B.
Bkr;?B B/ dZf;nk ;h fe eksb ns/ wes{b ftu, iakbw ns/ wiab{w ftu, ;oeko ns/ T[;
jZE'_ ;ajhd j'D tkb/ pzd/ ftu fJe r[gs ;wM"sk j'fJnk eodk j?. fJ; ;wM"s/ dk fe;/ B{z gsk
Bjh_ j[zdk, wkoB ns/ woB tkb/ B{z gsk j[zdk j?. eksb ;wMdk j? fe fi; B{z w?_ esb eoB bZrk
jK, T[; dk y{B eoB T[gozs w?B{z Gkoh bkG j't/rk. esb j'D tkb/ pzd/ dk ft;atk; j[zdk j? fe
w/oh ns/ w/o/ fwZsoK fgnkfonK dh GbkJh w/oh w"s ftu j?. fJj rZbK nkw esbK pkps Bjh_ jB.
fi; ;ay; B{z ;ajhd fejk iKdk j?, T[; pkps jB. ;ajhd fJbkjh j'_d dh rtkjh d/D tk;s/ nkgDh
ikB d/D bJh fsnko j[zdk j?. esb j'D s'_ gfjbK wB;{o d/ p'b gVQ e/ d/y'. T[j prdkd d/
ybhc/ B{z ns/ ndkbs ftu p?m/ ekiah B{z pko pko nkydk ;h fe w/o/ iK s[jkv/ t; ftu e[ZM j? jh
Bjh_. w/oh w"s cK;h T[go M{b e/ fbyh ik u[ Zeh j? nZbkj d/ dopko ftu. e"D o'e ;edk j? fJ;
B{z? ybhc/a dh p/rw i/bQ ftu wB;{o Bkb w[bkeks eoB rJh. uoBh jZE bk e/ efjD bZrhprdkd
B{z ;okg Bk d/Jh ;kJhI. fJj noi eoB nkJh jK. wB;{o B/ fejk- ceho ;okg d/D bJh
Xosh s/ Bjh_ nkT[ _d/. ;okg d/Dk ;a?skB dk ezw j't/rk ;kXK dk Bjh_. w?_ ;okg Bjh_ fdzdk ;Zu
p'bdk jK fe prdkd dh popkdh fB;afus j?. gfjb'_ w?_ ysw j'tkrk, fco prdkd. p; gfjbK
fgS'_ dk coe j? e/tb. popkdh :ehBh j?. wB;{o B{z esb eo fdZsk frnk. nZrK bZrhnK s/
prdkd, ;afjo dh EK oky dk fJe Y/o pkeh pfunk.
ioB?b ;a[p/r f;zx dh fBrokBh ftu w'oukpzdh j'D bZrh sd w?B{z vo bfrnk, fes/ e[ZM
rVpV sK Bjh_ j' ikt/rh? i[nkB wz[v/ nky oj/ ;B- n;h_ nkgDh s/ dopko ;kfjp dh okyh
eoKr/. i/ fes/ ;oeko B/ c"i s'_ jwbk eotk fdZsk sK ;kv/ ibt/ d/yD :'r j'Dr/. wkJh (Gkt
fJzdok rKXh) :kd oZy/rh. d/y b?Dk. id'_ edh nfijh rZb w?B[ z vokT[Dh bZrD bZrdh sd w?_
nkgD/ nkg B{z nkydk- j' Jh Bjh_ ;edk. dopko ;kfjp T[go jZb/ dk wsbp jh Bjh_, ;kX ns/
fJzdok rKXh d't/_ vokwk eoe/ vok oj/ jB, fJBQK dk fynkb j? b'e fJ; soQK gqGkfts j' ikDr/.
nekb syas dk iE/dko fB:[es eoBk ;h. gzdoK thj gq'c?;o fJZem/ j' e/ d{y fBtkoB
;kfjp n;h_ N"jVk ;kfjp B{z fwb/ s/ p/Bsh ehsh fe ;zs fGzvoKtkb/ B{z f;zx ;kfjp Ekg'. T[j
gfjbK u[Zg eo rJ/, fco fejk- d/y bT[. n;h_ fco nkgDh fJj' rZb d[jokJh sK gqXkB ih p'b/nekb
sys dh ;z;Ek pj[s wjkB j?. v/o/dko ;kX B{z T[E/ f;zx ;kfjp Ekg fdT[r/ sd B[e;kB
T[mkTI[r/. T[j v/o/ dh wfonkdk gzE T[go E'g d/t/rk s/ fco e'Jh e[ ZM eo th Bjh_ ;e/rk. tX/o/
gq'c?;o gqXkB ih dh rZb Bkb ;fjws j' rJ/. N"jVk ;kfjp dh rZb ;jh Bjh_ ;h. ;zs B{z Gbh
gqeko gsk ;h fe Ne;kb ns/ sys ;kfjp dh wfonkdk ftu fGzBsk j? s/ edh T[BQK B/ fJj Bjh_
fejk ;h fe Ne;kb dh wfonkdk tXhe ;jh j?. T[j sK sys iE/dko dk j[ew wzBd/ ;B. Gkt/_
fe fwZsoK ftu p?m e/ nky fdzd/ ;B- f;zx ;kfjp B/ fJj c?;bk r[owfs d/ n;{bK w[skpe Bjh_
;[DkfJnk, wzBDk sK gt/rk jh. w/oh T[wo Bkb' _ tv/o/ gq'c?;o w/o/ Bkb ;B s/ T[BQK dh frDsh th
tXhe ;h, w/oh rZb dh jwkfJs eoB tkbk e'Jh Bjh_ ;h, rZb nkJh rJh j' rJh.
;qa'wDh nekbh db B/ ;kpe c"ihnK dh ekBcoz; ;Zdh. f;gkjh s'_ b? e/ ioB?bK sZe brGr
gzikj jiako ;kpe ;?fBe g[Zi//. iBob ;a[p/r f;zx dk sK fNekDk jh T[E/ ;h. c"ihnK B/ nkgDh
fJ; ekBcoz; ftu wsk g/;a ehsk fe ;zs ioB?b f;zx B{z ;qh nekb syas dk f;zx ;kfjp Ekfgnk
ikJ/. i?ekfonK dh r[ziko ftu wsk gk; j'fJnk. pkdb ;kfjp, N"jVk ;kfjp s/ b"r'tkb ;kfjp
;w/s ;koh nekbh bhvof;ag T[E/ ;h.

16
gZsoekoK B/ ioB?b ;[p/r f;zx B{z g[ZfSnk- i/ c"i B/ dopko ;kfjp s/ uVQkJh eo fdZsh sd
eh eo'r/ s[;h? T[BQK B/ T[sZo fdZsk- Y[etK itkp fdnKr/ . w[ekpbk eoKr/. nyapko Bth; B/ fco
;tkb ehsk- nc;oh b?D t/b/ s[;h_ Gkosh c"i d/ tckdko oj'r/, eh s[;h r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh ;j[z
Bjh_ u[Zeh ;h? ;j[z s'V fdUr/? ioB?b B/ fejk- fi; Gkos dh tckdkoh fBGkT[D bJh r[o{ rqzE
;kfjp dh ;j[z u[Zeh, T[j r[o{ tZvk j? d/; Bkb'_. fi;dh ;j[z u[ Zeh ikt/ T[j T[; Bkb'_ tZvk j[zdk j?
fi; tk;s/ ;j[z u[ Zeh ikt/. i/ Gkosh c"i r[o{ pkp/ fto[ZX jfEnko u[ Ze/rh sK w?_ c"i fto[ZX jfEnko
u[ZeKrk."
nekbh db B/ fco pZ[XhihthnK dh ekBcoz; ;Zdh. fJ; B{z th GotK j[zrkok fwfbnk. gzikph
:{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk dk f;Zy p[ ZXhihth c'ow 100 gq'c?;oK dhnK d' pZ;K Go e/ frnk. T[E/ ik e/
id'_ N"jVk ;kfjp ns/ ;zs b"r'tkb B{z fwbD bJh rJ/ sd w?_ fco nkgDh rZb d[jokJh fe
p[ZXhihth c'ow BP{z th wsk g/;a eoBk ukjhdk j? fe ;zs fGzvoKtkb/ B{z f;zx ;kfjp Ekfgnk ikt/. w/oh
rZb wzBDh sK do feBko w?B{z whfNzr ftu' _ eZY fdZsk frnk. ;" gq'c/;oK ftu'_ w/o/ jZe ftu e/tb
fJe pzdk ;h, T[j ;h vk a joehos f;zx. vkeNo ;kfjp pko/ fNZgDh ;[DB B{z fwbh- fJj c"ih j?
Bk. fdwkr ezw Bjh_ eodk. ;ko/ jZ; gJ/. w?_ s/ joehos f;zx ;oK tZb, pkeh gq'c/;o N"jVk
;kfjp B{z fwbD tkbh EK tZb s[o gJ/. n;h_ ;zs ioB?b f;zx B{z fwb/. jkb ukb g[ZfSnk s/ nkgD/
Bkb j'Jh skih d[ors pko/ dZf;nk, jZ; gJ/- s[jkv/ Bkb s/ w/o/ Bkb j'Dh th fJt/_ ukjhdh j?.
edh edh nkgK nkgD/ nkg B{z oZp ;wMD bZr g?_d/ jK. sd gzE ;kB[{z ;wMk fdzdk j? fe ;kvh
n"eks eh j?. bzro gq;akdk SZe'. fco rZbK eoKr/.
nekb sys d/ iE/dko frnkBh feogkb f;zx B/ ;oe[bo ikoh eo fdZsk fe fijVk dopko
;kfjp wZEk N/eD nkt/, pr?o jfEnkoK s'_ nkt/. fJj j[ew ;zs ioB?B f;zx tk;s/ jh eZfYnk frnk
;h. ;akfJd N"jVk ;kfjp T[go ;oeko dk dpkT[ j't/rk. id'_ ;zs wZEk N/eD iKd/ ;B sd 10-15
i[nkBK dk jfEnkopzd iEk nfsnkX[fBe jfEnkoK Bkb b?; j' e/ Bkb ikfJnk eodk ;h s/ ;zs
nkg th fotkbto gfjB e/ oyd/ ;B. fJj iEk Xhwh ukb Bjh_ ubdk ;h fit/_ fe gfoeowk ftu
nkw ;aoXkb{ ubd/ j[zzd/ jB. fJj s/ia edwh gfoeowk efonk eod/ ;B. w?_ d/fynk fe pj[s ;ko/
wkJh GkJh e/tb fJBQK B{z d/yD bJh gfoeowk ftu d/o sZe yb's/ ofjzd/. gZsoekoK B/ g[ZfSnk- ;zs
ih, f;zx ;kfjp B/ jfEnko fbike/ wZEk N/eD T[go fijVh gkpzdh bkJh j?, eh fJj mhe j?? ;zsK
B/ fejk- w?_ fJj j[ew wzBKrk. fog'oNo B/ fco g[ZfSnk- go eh T[jBK dk fJj j[ew ;jh j???
-nekb syas d/ iE/dko dk jo j[ew w/o/ bJh ;jh j? feT[fe w?I f;Zy jK. tkg; r[o{ BkBe
fBtk; nk p?m/, fJ; ;oe[bo pko/ rZbK j'D bZrhnK. ;zsK B/ fejk- nfij/ j[ewBkw/ gqkgs jB
fiBQK ftu r[o{ wjkoki ih B/ fejk ;h fe do;aB eoB tk;s/ nkT[D tkbh ;zrs jfEnkopzd j' e/
x'fVnK s/ ;tko j'e/ nkJ/ sd ;kvk fjodk tXhe gq;zB j't/rk. s/ fJj d;' GkJhU fe eh feogkB
jfEnko Bjh__? fJj jfEnko ;kvh gzi eekoh ofjs dk nN[ZN fjZ;k j?. fco feogkB T[sko e/ wZEk
N/eD ikJhJ/? go T[j f;zx ;kfjp jB. ;' wzBDh jh wzBDh j? T[jBK dh jdkfJs. iE/dko dk
j[ew wzBDk ;h ;' fJ; dk sohek T[BQK B/ fJj eZfYnk fe ;oK tkb/ gkf;U gfoeowk sZe fbiKdh
fvT{Yh sZe iKd/ fiZE/ dopko ;kfjp d/ do;aB j[zd/ jB s/ T[E'I fvT[Yh ftu'I wZEk N/e e/ tkg; nk
iKd/, T[;/ soQK s/i edwh.
n;h uko gzi gq'c?;o nzfwqs;o rJ/ sK ;zs ;oK ftu Bjh_ ;B. gsk bZfrnk fe nekb
sys ;kfjp dh fJwkos ftu f;acN eo rJ/ jB. T[E/ rJ/ sK gfjbh wziab s'_ T[ Zgo d{ih wziab
tb iKdhnK g"VhnK T[Zgo d' jfEnkopzd f;zx 20-22 ;kb dh T[wo d/, ps"o ;zsoh yb's/ ;B. T[BQK
B/ o'e fbnk. n;h_ fejk fe d{o'_ gfNnkfbU uZb e/ fwbD nkJ/ jK ;zsK B{z. T[ Zgo ikD fdT[. fJZe
p'fbnk- ih T[j nfrnkstk; ub/ rJ/ jB. fwbd/ Bjh_ fe;/ B{z. pzdrh eod/ ofjzd/ jB pZ;. w?_
fejk- Gok n;h_ e'Jh bVB E'VQk nkJ/ jK s[jkv/ Bkb. s[;h GkJh o;agkb f;zx gk; ik e/ w/ok Bkw
dZ; fdT[. fwbD s'_ fJBeko j' frnk sK gos iktKr/. T[BQK ftu' fJe T[E/ ub'sk fojk, d{ik T[ Zgo
ubk frnk. E'VQh d/o pkd tkg; nk e/ efjD bZrk- ub/ ikU ih T[ Zgo.

17
g"VhnK uVQ rJ/. d; gzdoK f;zx j'o p?m/ ;B. e'Jh gkm eo fojk ;h, e'Jh fJe e'B/ ftu
p?mk ehosB dh fonkia eo fojk ;h s/ d' fszB iD/ pzd{eK dhnK p?obK ;kca eoB bZr/ j'J/ ;B.
;zs gkm eo oj/ ;B. p'be/ / Bjh_, jZE i'Ve/ ;kfonK B{z cfsj noia ehsh. T[BQK B/ th pzd j'mK
Bkb jZE i'Ve/ f;o M[ekfJnk s/ p?mD dk fJ;akok ehsk. d; e[ fwzN p?m/ j'tKr/ fe ;zsK B/ r[Nek
wZE/ B{z bk e/ o[wkb ftu bg/fNnk s/ ;kvk jkb ukb g[ZfSnk. efjD bZr/- w?_ eJh p?ohno bkJ/
j'J/ jB. s[;h seV/ oj/ nk rJ/. pj[fsnK B{z j[D j/m'_ tkg; xZb d/Jhdk j?. pzfdnK B{z pzd/ dk
j/i Bjh_ eoBk ukjhdk pj[sk. wjkoki Bkb bkfJnk B/j[z jh fBGdk j?, pzdk feZE/ fBfGnk j? Gbk.
nkgD/ r'v/ s/ T[ _rb Xo e/ efjD bZr/- fJj wk; p/eko j? fpbe[b. sd/ sK ;kv/ tv/o/, wk; B{z
fwZNh nkfynk eod/ ;B. s[;h_ th fes/ fJ; wk; B{ z d/yD bJh sK Bjh_ nkT[ _d/? n;h_ fejk- f;Zyh
d/ dhdko eoB bJh s[jkv/ gk; ns/ r[o{ ih d/ dhdko eoB bJh dopko ;kfjp wZEk N/eD bJh
nkT[ _d/ jK. efjD bZr/- ;G e[M T[E/ jh j?, dopko ;kfjp ftu jh j? ;G e[ZM. f;Zyh th ;kB{z r[o{
ftu'_ bZG/rh f;Zy ftu'_ Bjh_. r[o{ B{z n;h_ g{ok fJ;/ eoe/ nkyd/ jK fe ;z;ko dh jo t;s T[;
ftu w"i{d j?. ;zs fgsk ih fejk eod/ ;B, fijVk ;zpzX ;apd dk noE Bkb j? T[j r[o{ dk f;Zy
Bkb j?, d't/_ fJZe d{i/ s'_ pr?o Bjh. fijV/ pkb BhjK ftu fuD/ rJ/ ;B Bk, T[BK ftukfonK dh
eh skes ;h? r[o{ fwjopkB j'e/ T[BQK ftu gqt/;a eo frnk ;h. iZbkdK B/ nkgK B{z dZf;nk j? Bk,
fe T[j nkyoh ;kj she c[ZbK tKr Nfjed/ oj/ ;B? i/ T[j fJeZb/ j[zd/ sd T[jBK B{z d[Zy dod
j'Dk jh j'Dk ;h. d[y ns/ dod sK ;[Gkte jB, go fe;/ fe;/ eowK tkb/ f;Zy dk d[y nkg ioB
tk;s/ r[o{ g[Zi iKdk j?. f;Zy B/ r[o{ nZr/ nksw ;wogD eoBk j?. i/ nksw ;wogD eo fdsk
fco f;Zy feE/ fojk? T[j sK r[o{ ftu nG/d j' frnk. fiBQK B/ fbfynk ;h- tkj[ tkj[ r'fpzd f;zx
nkg/ r[o u/bk, T[BQK B{z fJBQK rZbK dk gsk ;h. ;' nZtb s/ nkyo r[o{ jh r[o{ j? GkJhU j'o e[M
Bjh j?. wkV/ nkdwh B{z sK e[Zsk rbh gko Bjh eoB fdzdk, izrbK ftu sg eod/ fBjZE/ ;kX{nK
e'b'_ dh ;a /o, g{SK ns/ f;o BhtK eoe/ fpBK yVke ehfsnK bzx iKd/ jB. r[o{ dh nkfrnk wzB e/
nZr, gkDh, jtk, Xosh s/ nek;a ;G nkgDk ;[Gkn pdb b?_d/ jB. w?_ nZyh d/y/ jB fJj Biako/.
j' ;edk j? s[;h_ th edh d/y'. pkDh ftu n?t/_ E'Vk fby fdZshnK jB pkfpnK B/ fJj rZbK.
e[ZM o[e/ a a a fco p'b/- Uj' w?_ th ewbk jh j' frnk j'fJnk jK p;. Bk bzro Bk gkDh. eEk
;a[o{ eo fdZsh ykj wykj, T[j th gq'c?;oK ;kjwD/. ;kB{z ;kXK B{z nkds g? iKdh j? T[gd/;a ;[DkT[D
dh. s[jkB{ z fJBQK ;G rZbK dk gfjbK jh gsk j?. fJj dZ;' fe ;G gfotkoK ftu y?o ;[y j?? e'Jh
rZb eoBh j? sK fBZMe j' e/ eo'.
j[D sK edh edkJh ;'udk jK fe w?_ fJj rZb T[E/ feT[_ ehsh, fJ; dk p[ok th wBkfJnk
ik ;edk ;h go E'VQ/ e[ ;w/_ ftu wkj"b ;[GktsB e[M nfijk pD frnk ;h fi; ftu' _ w/o/ fJ;
tke dk iBw j'fJnk- pkpk ih s[;h_ nkgDk T[Zso nfXekoh Ekg fdT[. jZ; gJ/, efjD bZr/- fJe
d' B/ nZr/ th w?B{z fejk j?. w/o/ Bjh_ fdb bZrh fJj rZb. ;zs eosko f;zx B/ w?B[{z T[so
nfXekoh Bjh_ Ekfgnk ;h, ;zrs B/ c?;bk eo fbnk. w?_ th ns/ pkeh iEk th ;zs ih d/ nukBe
nekb ubkD/ T[gozs fJj ;'uD bZr/ ;K fe T[BQK dh EK b?D tkbk T[BQK tork e'Jh j'o Bjh_. fJj
j[zdk th ;Zu j?. e'Jh fe;/ tork ed j'fJnk eodk j?? go w?B{ z fejk frnk fe s{z eo T[Zdw e[ZM.
w?_ j";bk oZfynk. r[o{ ih s'_ w[okdK wzrhnK. w/o/ eow uzr/ ;B, w?_ jzeko Bjh eodk, ;zrs dk
fyankb j? fe ;zs eosko f;zx ih dh ;/tk B{z w?_ nZr/ s'fonk j?, fgSKj Bjh_ ofjD fdZsk. ;ajhdh
w/oh fe;ws ftu fbyh j'Jh j?. w?_ T[sZo nfXekoh jofria Bjh fdnKrk. w/o/ s'_ pkd ;zrs,
Ne;kb dk w[yh nfijk u[D/rh fe s[;hI ioB?b f;zx B{z G[Zb ikUr/ .
T[BKQ gk; fJe pkN/ ftu pdkw ns/ wykfDnK dk fw;aoD fgnk ;h. ;kB{z ;kfonk B{z p[ Ze Go
Go e/ ;kok w[ek fdZsk s/ fJj efje/ ftdk ehsk- ;zeN nkt/rk sK v'bDk Bjh. fe; B{z gsk j?
XoshnK feE'_ nkJhnK? e'Jh ikDdk j? s[;h s/ w?_ feZE'_ nkJ/, feT[ _ nkJ/ s/ feE/ iktKr/? nzdki/ bkJh
iKdk j? ;kok ijkB. e/tb wjkoki ikDdk j? ;G e[M feT[_fe T[j fJ; ;ko/ ek;/ dk eosk j?.
id'_ s[;h_ eos/ sZe g[Zi ikUr/ sK ikD'r/ fe ekoB ns/ ekoi T[jh_ j?. eosk ns/ feos T[jh j?.
r[o{ ns/ f;Zy ftu G/d Bjh_ j?. id'_ edh e'Jh dopko ;kfjp T[go jZbk p'bdk j? sK eo'VK fdbK

18
ftu dopko ;kfjp dh T[;koh j' iKdh j? s[ozs. fJj w?_ iK s[;h eo ;ed/ j'? uzrk fco. ikU.
wjkoki nzr ;zr jB. bzro Se/ fpBK Bjh_ ikDk. tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k tkfjr[o{ ih eh cafsj.
fJj rZbK 1984 B{z wJh d/ gfjb/ jcs/ j'JhnK. w/oh T[BQK Bkb fJj nkyoh w[bkeks ;h.
i{B d/ gfjb/ jcas/ Gkosh c"i B/ g{oh ftT[ Is Bkb r'b/ dkr/ s/ fe;/ Bk fe;/ o{g ftu 1 s'_ 7 i{B
sZe r'bhpkoh j'Jh. j?bhekgNoK dh SK j/m N?_e gfoeowk se g[Zi/. b?cNhB?_N iBob pokV B/
n?bkB ehsk- itkB', d[;awD dopko ;kfjp nzdo j?, n;h_ T[;B{z w[ekT[Dk j?.
d[;awD dopko ;kfjp d/ nzdo dopko ;kfjp dh okyh eo fojk ;h s/ fwZso dopko
;kfjp T[go pkjo'_ r'b/ dkrD bZrk. fpibh pzd. gkDh pzd. i{B dk nZr T[rbdk wjhBk. pokV
dh feskp ftu'_ gfVQnk j? fe nzfrnkoK tor/ sgd/ fgZsb d/ ykbh y'b fijV/ ewfonK d/ co;a
T[go frZm frZm T[ukJh sZe ftS/ gJ/ ;B, T[go'_ bzx e/ c"i bk;aK sZe g[Zih. g[fb; nca;oK B/
bk;aK dh ;aBkys nkgD/ s"o s/ eo bJh ;h go ft;a/;a ijki okjhI ;[{p/dko jouoB f;zx B{z dopko
;kfjp ftu fbnk e/ ;zs ioB?b f;zx dh bk;a dh ;aBkyas eotkJh. ;{p/dko ;kfjp ;zsK d/ Gok
jB i' fgZS'_ nkBo/oh e?gNB ti'_ g?B;aB nkJ/ s/ efjzd/ oj/ fe ;zs uVQdh ebk ftu jB. eofcT{
bZfrnk j'fJnk ;h go gsk bZr fojk ;h fe 42 j'o r[od[nkfonK T[go c"i B/ fJe' ;w/_ jwbk
ehsk ;h. fjzd{ tyo/ ns/ f;Zy tyohnK tyohnK N'bhnK ftu x[zwD bZr gJ/ ;B. ;afjo sK g{ok
pzd ;h go nopB n?;N/N gfNnkb/ ;afjo s'_ efNnk j'D eoe/ ns/ nkpkdh xZN j'D eoe/, ;VeK
s/ Nfjb ;ed/ ;K. xo d/ nzdo e'Jh e'Jh p?mk j't/rk. eVedh X[ Zg ftu n;h_ ;G ;VeK T[Zgo
s[o/ fcod/ ;K, gsk jh Bjh_ brdk ;h X[g/ fco oj/ jK. ;[yfdnkb 8 i{B B{z ;t/o/ 6 ti/ ;kv/ xo
nkfJnk. T[; d/ ej/ d' fszB tke j{pj{ :kd jB,- cV b? g{S ;zs ioB?b f;zx dh j[D. ;ko/ dk
;kok N'bk Bkb b? e/ wo frnk. neb d/y b? T[;dh. p/fJish eotk fdsh ;G dh. fe;/ B/
T[;dhnK fJBQK rZbK dk Bk B'fN; fbnk Bk itkp fdZsk. fit/_ fe;/ B/ e[ZM ;[fDnk jh Bjh_ j[zdk.fit/_
N?bhftiaB T[go wkVk foekov tidk ;[De/ gfotko d/ w?_po fJU[_ toskU efonk eod/ jB, fe;/ B{z
e[M ;[D Bjh_ fojk.
gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh dk e[bdhg f;zx Bkw dk fJe fo;ou ;ekbo w/ok fwZso ;h, j';Nb s'_
GZi e/ nopB n?;N/N nk frnk. efjD bZrk- fes/ GZi uZbhJ/, g[bh; ns/ c"i T[BQK pzfdnK B{z
cVdh fcodh j? fiBQK pko/ gsk bZrdk j? fe edh ;zsK gk; rJ/ ;B. w?B{z T[; dh rZb mhe
bZrh. d't/_ g?db xo'_ fBeb rJ/. y/sK dhnK grvzvhnK T[Zgo s[o/ ik oj/ ;K j"bh j"bh fe e[bdhg
f;zx B/ fejk- s/ia uZb' gq'c?;o ;kfjp. w?_ fejk- fpBK fJj ikDB d/ fe feE/ g[ZiDk j? f;Zy pj[s
s/ia ubd/ jB. T[j jZ; fgnk. fiZE/ fes/ iKd/, xo ftu jcVk dcVh wu iKdh, x[;o w[;o ;a[o{
j' iKdh. fit/_ e'Jh gq/s nkswk nk tVh j't/ s/ T[;B{z NkbD dk e'Jh wzso Bk bZGdk j't/. n;h_
ibdh ibdh xo pdbd/. e[ZM b'e y/sK ftZu p?m/ fJ; ;G pko/ rZbK eo oj/ ;B. fJe B/ fejk-
Bkb/ ;kX nkg wo frnk Bkb/ f;ZyK B{z wotk frnk. ;[DB tkb/ B/ fejk- nZi fJj' bZrdk j? i' s{z
fejk j?. eZbQ B{z ;akfJd b'e fJj efjD fe fJe ;kX ;h ioB?B f;zx. p; T[j' pfunk s/ T[;/ B/
f;ZyK B{z pukfJnk.
fJe fdB sK ewkb j' rJh. fJe d';s dk xo y/s ftu ;h. ;'funk T[; e'b e[M fdB
eZNhJ/. xo fwb frnk. pkeh w?_po th w"i{d ;B. fe;/ B/ ;Zs ;qh nekb dk itkp Bjh_ fdZsk.
w/ok d';s Bk p?mD bJh nky/ Bk ikD bJh. ;[ zB j'fJnk yb'sk fojk. so/j bZrh j'D ekoB w?_
fejk- wksk gkDh fgnkJhI. wksk gkDh b?D rJh sK w?_ ezX Bkb yb'sh wzih fBzw j/m vkj bJh,
d't/_ iD/ p?m rJ/. gkDh fgnk fdsk wksk B/. n;h_ xo'_ th-;a /g pkEo{w uZgbK gke/ fBeb nkJ/ j'J/
;K. rowh ;h s/ g;hB/ T[go y/sK dh X{V g? g? e/ g?oK ftu fuZeV j'fJnk fgnk ;h, efunkD nk
ojh ;h. w?_ fejk- wksk i/ pkbNh gkDh dh fwb ikJ/ sK g?o th X' bJhJ/. wksk cNk cN nZXh e[
pkbNh gkDh dh b? nkJh s/ fit/_ wktK pZfunK d/ g?o X'_dhnK jB, s[os ;kv/ g?o y[d X'e/ uZgbK
nkg/ ;kv/ g?oK ftu c;k e/ efjD bZrh- d"V ikU j[D. fJE/ sK ;kv/ ysok pVk j?.
fJ; wkJh B{z fJT[ _ bZrk fe nkBh pjkBh n;h_ T[; xo ftu tXhe ;wK fpsk oj/ jK i' w/iapkB B{z
g;zd Bjh_ ;h. w?I ns/ e[bdhg y/sK ftu d{o ike/ y{p jZ;/. ;akw g?D bZrh. fJe fNT{pt?b ubdk
d/fynk. ;'funk fJ;aBkB jh eo bJhJ/. T[E/ g[Zi/. fJe i[nkB wzih T[go fgnk ;h. ;kB{z d/y e/
T[m p?mk s/ p?mD bJh fejk. g[ZSD bZrk- p[o/ fdB jB. s[;h feZXo ik oj/ j' fJ; t/b/ ? s[oB

19
fcoB ftu sK ysok j?. w?_ fejk- nj[ T[; xo ftu w/ok d';s ofjzdk j? frZb. T[; gk; rJ/
;K. pj[s iao{oh ezw ;h e'Jh. go T[j xo Bjh_ fwfbnk fJ; eoe/ gos nkJ/. w[zvk jZ; fgnk.
efjD bZrk- j[D/ sK fJE'_ E'Vh d/o gfjbK frZb w/oh pzph s'_ T[m e/ xo frnk j?. M{m feT[_ p'bd/
j'? n;h_ u[ Zg eo rJ/. T[;B{z ;jh rZb dZ; fdZsh. efjD bZrk- fJE/ w/o/ y/s ftu e'Jh ysok
Bjh_. w'No tkb/ e'm/ ftu nkokw Bkb oj'. T[j rK dh Xko u' fbnkfJnk. fJzB/ B{z n;h_ Bjk bJ/
s/ fco d[ZX ghsk. fco T[j fgzv'_ jB/o/ gJ/ o'Nh b? nkfJnk s/ n;h_ fJt/_ jh eJh fdB T[E/ fNekDk
ehsk. w/ok ;kEh j'bh d/ e/ w/o/ ezB ftu efjD bZrk- fi; soQK fJj w[zvk ;kvh ;/tk ftu bZrk
fojk j? i/jb ikJ/rk bkiawh. n;h_ jZ; gJ/. w?_ fejk- s{z dZ;/_rk g[b; B{z fe fJ; gk; oj/ ;K<
e[bdhg B/ fejk- w?I iK s[;hI BjhI dZ;Kr/. f;ZyK dh ;/tk eoB dk nkyo fJjh Bshik j'fJnk eodk
j? fJ; d/; ftu.
d' e[ jcafsnK dh fJXo T[Xo MZy wkoe/ w?I EZe frnk. c?;bk ehsk, d/yh ikJ/rh i'
j'J/rh. nkgK fejVk y{B ehs/ j'J/ jB i' b[e/ fcod/ jK< cVBr/ sK cV b?D. w/ok ;kEh efjD
bZrk- w?I BjhI ikDk xo x[o. e'Jh xo fojk Jh BjhI sK ikJhJ/ feE/. s[;hI ikDk j? ikT[. T[; B/
iZch gkJh. tZy fdFk ftu s[o frnk. fco BjhI fwfbnk. w?I xo nk frnk. gsBh B/ dZf;nk- g[b;
tkb/ eJh tko g[ZS rJ/ jB. fJe fdB ;[yfdnkb nkfJnk ;h. efjzdk ;h }o{oh rZb eoBh j?
e'Jh. w?I ;[yfdnkb f;zx B{z fwfbnk sK T[; B/ fejk- w?B{z c"ih xo'I cV e/ b? rJ/ ;B. fszB uko
xzN/ g[ZS frZS eoe/ SZv fdZsk. s{z th d"VhI Bk feXo/. w?I s/oh rZb th eoe/ nkfJnk jK. T[j
efjzd/ ;B gq'H gzB{ B{z g/F eod/, e[M BjhI nkyd/. i' g[ZSDr/ dZ; d/JhI. nkgD/ e'b fejVk e'Jh G/d
jB< T[;B/ dZf;nk fe r[H d[yfBtkoB bkr/ ;e{b j?. T[; ftu fpqr/vhno u"Xoh dk e?Ig j?. u"Xoh
gfNnkb/ f}b/ dk ewKvo j?. T[; B{z fwb nk. nkyhI w?B{z ;[yfdnkb f;zx B/ G/fink j?. pj[s ;ys
gfjfonK nzdo T[;dk dcaso ;h. w?I ubk frnk. g[ZS frZS, sbkFhnK nkfde s'I pkd nzdo b? rJ/
s/ fejk fizBk ;wK rZb eo' jZE fgZS/ oZyD/ jB. u"Xoh ;kfjp B/ ;zy/g ihtB fpT[ok B'N ehsk s/
fejk- ikU. xo jh ofjDk. i/ c/o b'V gJh, j'o g[ZS frZS eo btKr/. NfbU Bk. w?I xo nk
frnk s/ p/u?Bh xNh. nkokw Bkb ;" I rJ/. nZXh oks }'o }'o dh p{jk yVfenk. ekb p?b th tZih
ikt/ s/ mZe mZe p{jk th. w?I s/ w/oh gsBh T[m/. nkb/ d[nkb/ ;ou bkJhNK B/ nZyK u[ zfXnk
fdZshnK. uko N?Ie xo d/ u[c/o/ b'vv s?Bks ;B. b'j-N'g gkJh c"ih, ekopkJhBk, ;N/BrzBK phVh
rtKYhnK dhnK SZsK s/ b/N/ j'J/ ;B. w?I dotk}k y'fbQnk. uko itkB s/}h Bkb nZr/ tX/ s/ w/ohnK
d't/I pkjtK e; e/ fgS/ pzBQ fdZshnK. nDdZ;h EK b? rJ/. T[E/ eh }[bw fet/I fet/I ehsk frnk
T[;dk t/otk s/ ft;Eko fJE/ b'VhIdk BjhI. T[; pko/ tZyoh sc;hb fdnKrk, fe;/ j'o EK. c"ihnK B{z
w/o/ ftu'I e'Jh ngokX BjhI bZGdk ;h go T[j d' ekoBK eoe/ nDwB[Zyh sFZdd eod/ oj/, gfjbk
fJj fe cV/ rJ/ nkszetkdh jzY/ j'J/ w[ifow jB i' J/Bh ;ysh MZb oj/ ;B go dZ;d/ e[M BjhI.
d{ik ekoB fJj ;h fe dopko ;kfjp T[go j'J/ jwb/ ftu c"i dk Gkoh B[e;kB j'fJnk ;h.
;?IefVnK ftu BjhI j}koK dh frDsh ftu i[nkB wko/ rJ/ ;B. T[BQK dk pdbk ;kv/ s'I fbnk ik
fojk ;h. d' wjhfBnK dh fJzN?o'r/FB s'I pkd ;kB{z 40 e[ pzfdnK B{z nXwo/ eoe/ ;[oZfynk i/bQ BkGk
ftu ;[ZN nkJ/.
fejVh rzdh rkb nfijh j't/rh fijVh T[BQK B/ fGzvoKtkb/ B{z Bk fdZsh j't/. d[Zy ftu }ywh
j'D dh ;{os ftu e'Jh pzdh tkfjr[o{ nky fdzdk sK pzd{eK d/ pZN jZvhnK s'V fdzd/. uko gzi
wjhfBnK pkd ;? INob i/bQ gfNnkb/ pdb fdZsk fiE/ pj[s f;Zy i[nkB ns/ iE/dko B}opzd ;B.
pVh s/} nctkj uZb ojh ;h fe ;zs ioB?b f;zx coko j' rJ/ jB, uVQdhebk ftu jB. fJ;
ypo B{z T[vkT[D ftu ;oeko dk gZek jZE ;h feT[ Ife fJzN?o'r/FB eod/ c"ih i[nkB ns/ i/bQ d/
w[bk}w ne;o nkyd/ fe ;zs pu e/ fBeb frnk j?. fJT[ I eoB ftu ;oeko B{z bkG eh ;h, gsk
BjhI. cohde'N d/ ;hBhno n?vt'e/N s/ pV/ shyD p[ ZX p}[or fJzdoihs f;zx ;/y'I B/ fejk- w?B{z
ngo/FB pb{;Nko s'I wjhBk e[ pkd cfVnk ;h. w?I fJj nctkj ;[Ddk sK jo T[; pzd/ gk; g[Zidk
fijVk dZ;dk fe ;zs mhe mke jB. T[j nZr'I fe;/ j'o dk Bkw b? Idk s/ nrbk nZr'I fe;/ j'o
dk. fJe th pzdk BjhI fwfbnk fijVk e[M ;jh ikDdk j't/. nkyo w?I ;zsK d/ Gok e?gNB jouoB
f;zx B{z g[ZfSnk- s[;hI ;Bk]s eoe/ nkJ/ ;h ;zsK dh. T[BQK dk fujok d/fynk ;h< e?gNB B/ fejk-
T[j w/ok Gok ;h. w?I sK fgZm fgS'I d/y e/ dZ; fdzdk fe fJj bkF w/o/ Gok dh j?. go w?I sK

20
fXnkB Bkb fujok ns/ pkeh nzr d/y e/ nkfJnk jK. E'VQ/ ;w/I pkd e?gNB ;kfjp th b'eK B{z
efjD bZr gJ/ - ;zs uVQdh ebk ftu jB. fgsk iH i'frzdo f;zx, gfotko d/ ;ko/ w?Ipo ns/
dwdwh Ne;kb brksko fJj' okr nbkgd/ oj/. nfijk feT[ I eo oj/ ;B gsk BjhI.
i/bQ ftu nypkoK nkT[DhnK F[o{ j'JhnK. fJzdok rKXh dh i? i? eko j' ojh ;h. i? i? eko
eoB tkfbnK ftu efwT{fB;N ns/ phHi/HghH d/ nkr{ fe;/ s'I fgS/ BjhI ;B. - :/ ekw s'I (dopko
;kfjp T[go jwbk) pj[s gfjb/ eo b/Bk ukjhJ/ Ek. tXkJh d/ ;zd/F. ftiJh skoK ns/ b/y. T[;B{Pz
d[ork wksk fejk frnk.
;oeko B/ ;H p{Nk f;zx ns/ pkpk ;zsk f;zx dh fBrokBh j/m nekb sys ns/ dopko
;kfjp dh T[;koh, w[ozws eotkJh. f;ZyK B{z fJj wB}{o BjhI ;h. T[BQK B/ ;oekoh sys Yfj Y/oh
eoe/ Bt/I f;o/ s'I pDkT[Dk F[o{ eo fdZsk. dopko ;kfjp d/ pkjo d[ekBK ftu' I ;zs ioB?b f;zx,
GkJh nwohe f;zx ns/ ioB?b ;[p/r f;zx dhnK s;thoK j}koK dh frDsh ftu fte ojhnK ;B.
fJe g/Iv{ :kso{ Bkb d/ B{z g[ZSD bZrk, **fJE/ ;zs b"r'Itkb, N"jVk ;kfjp, pkdb ;kfjp dhnK
s;thoK th gJhnK jB T[BQK B{z e'Jh feT[I BjhI yohddk

21
fdwkr g{ok ]okp j' frnk j?, ;'ud/ jB, ;okg d/Jh uZb'. fit/I ;okg Bk j'J/ n?Nw pzp j'J/.
dopko ;kfjp YfjDk ;h Yfj frnk. j[D ;po eo'.
fwbNoh NZkouo ftu fJe w[zv/ d/ J/BhnK ;ZNK wkohnK rJhnK fe T[j ;kv/ gk; nk e/ o'
fgnk. efjD bZrk, **id'I fJE'I Boe ftu' I (c"ih fJzN?o'r/FB) i/bQ ftu rJ/ sK r[od[nko/ ik e/ r[o{
wjkoki B{z g[ZSKr/ fe dZ; ;kvk eh e;{o ;h.** d{i/ B/ fejk, **fJj' fijhnK rZbK Bk eo, Bk ;'u.
gzit/I gksFkj, B"t/I gksFkj s/ ;kfjp}kd/ e;{otko ;B< wjkoki dk F[eokBk eohdk j? w{oy.
fFekfJsK BjhI eohdhnK.**
i/bQ ftu p?m/ gVQd/ ofjzd/ iK rZbK eod/. f;Zy i[nkB fdB/ skF y/vd/, ;t/o Fkw tkbhpkb,
fJT[ I fdB bzxh ik oj/ ;B. i/bQ ftu d' B}opzd Gok pV/ s/} soko ;B. i/bQ d/ nzdo pzd j'D
d/ pkti{d T[BQK gk;'I d[BhnK Go dh sk}k sohB ]po ;[D bt'. B}opzdK dk fJe fJeZm eoe/ n;hI
d'jK B{z ;shF i?ep ns/ wkoe NZbh d/ fyskp d/ fdZs/. i?ep ns/ NZbh phHphH;hH bzvB d/ pj[s
e[Fb fog'oNo ;B. n;hI e[ZM pzd/ (;H oDXho f;zx uhwk, fJzdoihs f;zx ;/y'I, g/qw f;zx uzd{wkiok
s/ F/o f;zx v{wS/Vh nkfd) p?m/ rZbK eo oj/ ;K fe wkoe NZbh d"Vdk j'fJnk nkfJnk s/ efjD
bZrk, **fJzdok rKXh dk esb j' frnk j?.** n;hI g[ZfSnk - fet/I s/ fe;B/ ehsk< T[;B/ fejk,
**jkbh fJj' gsk j?. ibdh pkeh dh ypo nk ojh j?.** uzd{wkiok p'b/, **sfwbK dk n?eFB
j'J/rk i/ ypo ;Zuh j? sK.** fe;/ w[zv/ B/ fejk, **f;ZyK s'I pr?o e'Jh BjhI eo ;edk fJj ezw.**
uzd{wkiok jZ; gJ/ s/ fejk, **bJh ikU ;[cB/ g[okDh ;{owrsh d/. T[J/ f;ZyK ftu BjhI fojk dw
j[D.** T[j w[zvk fJzB/ ftu jh eo'XtkB j' frnk fe f;ZyK B{z fJj p[}fdb feT[ I ;wMdk j?. fJT[ I
p?fmnK d; e[ fwzN j'J/ ;B fe ;shF i?ep d"Vdk j'fJnk nkfJnk s/ efjD bZrk- f;ZyK B/ fJzdok
rKXh wko fdZsh.
eJhnK e'b NqKfi;No ;B. ;G B/ ezBK Bkb bk oZy/ ;B. i/ fJe B/ nkb fJzvhnk o/vhU
bkfJnk j'fJnk sK d{i/ B/ bkj"o bk fbnk s/ shi/ B/ phHphH;h s/ u"E/ B/ e'Jh j'o. d'tK GoktK B/
id'I ;kB{z ypo fdZsh T[d'I s'I b? e/ d' xzN/ fgS'I sZe Gkosh o/vhU s'I e'Jh ypo BjhI nkJh go
bkj"o s'I fJzdok rKXh d/ }ywh j'D dh ]po BFo j' rJh. fco Gkosh o/vhU B/ th }ywh j'D dh
]po BFo eo fdZsh. phHphH;h B/ w"s dh ]po pkehnK s'I gfjb'I fdZsh. bkj"o s'I fBozso
pokvek;N j' fojk ;h fe fJj jwbk f;ZyK B/ ehsk j?. fejV/ f;ZyK B/, fet/I, fJ; pko/ gsk BjhI
bZrdk ;h. nkyo ;G e[M ;gFN j' frnk.
;kB{z fszB uko ifDnK B{z fvT[Yh g[ZiD dk ;[B/jk fwfbnk. ub/ rJ/. gfNnkb/ i/bQ d/ fvgNh
;[gov?IN ;H fJeZso f;zx f;ZX{ ;B. T[BQK B/ fejk, **gqXkB wzsoh dk esb j' frnk j?. fJE/ nkgD/
fijV/ ;?INob i/bQ ;[gov?IN n?BHn?;H mkeo ;B T[j gfotko ;w/s fes/ nDdZ;h EK T[go ub/ rJ/
jB, T[BQK B/ GKfgnk fe T[BQK B{z ysok j?. w?B{ z T[j ukoi d/ rJ/ jB. nB[Fk;B ekfJw oZyD bJh
s[;hI w/oh ;jkfJsk eo'. w?I s[jkvk f;Zy Gok jK. i/ nky' sK fdyk fdzdk jK, i/bQ dhnK uko/ ezXK
Bkb uko/ gk;/ ukbh N?Ie phV fdZs/ rJ/ ;B. c"i B{z fJj ydFk j? fe w[zv/ nZi dh oks i/bQ
s'VBr/. s[;hI w/oh wdd eo'.** ;toB f;zx ;ogzu efjD bZrk, **fvgNh ;kfjp n;hI s[jkvk nkyk
sd f;o/ uVQk ;ed/ jk i/ s[;hI ;kvk nkyk wzB'. w[zv/ i'F ftu jB pj[s. sK th T[j i/bQ BjhI
s'VBr/. ;kvh f}zw/tkoh ojh. go i' T[j ykD ghD bJh pkjo'I wzrtkT[D sK j[D fvT{Yhdko B{z ej',
o[ektN Bk gkJ/.** rZb s?n j' rJh fe i/bQ d/ nzdo nzdo fit/I wo}h oj', i' wo}h ykU ghU go
pkjobhnK ezXK d/ bkr/ fe;/ B/ BjhI ikDk. fJj c?;bk j' frnk. fJj ;ogzu seVk f}whdko ;h.
fJ;B/ pzdhnK gk; ik e/ n?bkB eo fdZsk- ;kEhU fi; fe;/ B/ i' ghDk ykDk j?, j[ew eo'. nZi
oks dh ;/tk w?I nkgD/ f}zw/ b[nk bJh j?.
fJ]bkeh e?dhnK d/ izdo/ y[btk fdZs/ rJ/ sK fe T[j th dknts ftu Fkwb j' ;eD.
wfmnkJh, gBho, fueB, fcF ns// ft;eh fezBh nzdo nkJh HHH ;kB{z fe;/ B{z gsk BjhI. e'Jh pzdF
BjhI fe;/ s/. fi;dk i' ih eo/ ykt/. ;shF i?ep ns/ wkoe NZbh B/ fejk - dhgwkbk eoBh j?
nZi. dht/ feE'I nkT[D, Bk w'wpZshnK ;B. T[j efjD bZr/ - j[D/ ;G fJzs}kw j' iKdk j?. fJe
oikJh gkV bJh s/ e?dhnK B{z fejk- pZshnK tZN'. fJe p'oh nkN/ dh T[bNk e/ bKrohnK B[z fejk,
;ys nkNk r[zBQ', dht/ pDkT[D/ jB. ;N'o ftu'I s/b d/ ghg/ fbnKd/ rJ/. fezB/ j}ko dht/ ir/, e'Jh
frDsh BjhI. fJzdoh rKXh fto[ZX f;ZyK d/ fdbK ftu nzd'o'I nzdohI r[Z;/ dk g{ok dfonk tfrnk.

22
nrb/ fdB fJe e?dh w/o/ gk; nk e/ g[ZSD bZrk, **ih j'o eh j'Dk j? j[D< j[D fejVk
w'ouk bZr/rk

23
nZfrUI j' e/ g[ZfSnk, **gqXkB ih y?o ;[ Zy sK j?

24
Go d/ okFNo', fJe fBZeh fijh nbg ;zfyne e"w B{z ysw j'D s'I pukU. j[D fJe th r'bh BjhI
uZbDh ukjhdh.
fe;/ B/ w/ohnK rZbK tZb fXnkB BjhI fdZsk. w?B{z fJ; rZb dk e'Jh d[Zy BjhI fe w/ohnK
;bkjK oZd j'JhnK. w?I e'Jh tbh E'VQk jK fe w?B{z wzfBnk ikt/. go gzikp dh o"FB fdwkr s/
f;detkB i[nkBh fit/I r'bhnK Bkb G[zB fdZsh rJh T[; dk dZ[y toDB s'I gko dk j?. i' edh
tkg; BjhI gosDr/ T[j pj[s ehwsh ;B. pfunK j'fJnK ftu e'Jh w'sh S[fgnk j't/rk FkfJd.
i/bQ ftu p?fmnk n]pko ftu ]po gVQh fe nekbh B/sk fojkn eo fdZs/ rJ/ jB. ;zs
jouzd f;zx B/ gfjbh gq?; ekBcoz; fojkJh fgS'I fdZbh ftu p[bkJh fi; ftu ;zs ioB?b f;zx B{z
f;Zyh gozgoktK dk gfjo/dko nwo Fjhd fejk. fejk frnk fe n;hI T[;d/ nkdoFK d/ nB[:kJhI
jK. w?I fJzdoihs f;zx ;/y'I B{z fejk, **;/y'I ;kfjp, fJj sK nihp fvt?bgw?IN j?. F'qwDh nekbh db
dk gqXkB ;zs ioB?b f;zx dh T[gwk eoB bZr fgnk j?.** ;/y'I B/ fejk, **ypoK gVQ fbnk eo' s/
n]pko ;Z[N fdnk eo'. pzpJh ftu e[M N'b/ nfij/ jB gq'c?;o ;kfjp fijV/ ;" gzikj o[gJ/ j;gskb
tkfbnK B{z d/ e/ bktko; bkF yohd b? Id/ jB. T[; B{z u[okj/ ftu fbNk e/ o'D fgZND bZrd/ jB
fe ;kvk ewkT{ w?Ipo wo frnk j? go dcBkT[D B{z g?;/ BjhI jB. dfonk fdb dkBh b'e pE/o/
fcod/ jB dkB d/D B{z. Fkw sZe gzi uko j}ko sZe g?;/ pD iKd/ jB n";sB. fco fJj bkF
u[Zed/ jB s/ FwFkBxkN ;[ ZN nkT[ Id/ jB. xkN tkb/ ;z;eko eoBr/ jh eoBr/. j[D BjhI, nZr/ B{z
th fJ;/ soQK j'fJnk eo/rk. id'I f;ZyK dhnk t'NK dh b'V fgnk eo/rh nekbh iE/dko fJ; bktko;
bkF B{z u[okfjnK ftu oZy e/ Ghy wzfrnk eoBr/. f;Zy T[dkofuZs jB. Ykvh ;kfjp}kfdnK dh tko
rk e/ i/pK BjhI Go fbiKd/ g?f;nK Bkb< iE/dko, ;zs ioB?b f;zx dk Bk fbnk eoBr/ id'I ed'I
t'NK dh b'V fgnk eo/rh. j[D fJBQK dh gzikp ftu n;?Ipbh pD ikDh j?.**
w?I g[ZfSnk, **s[;hI bktko; feT[I fejk j? ;zsK B{z< **pkpk i'frzdo f;zx fgsk, ;ko/ Gok ns/
dwdwh Ne;kb T[;B{z Fjhd wzBD s'I w[Bfeo j?. s[jkB{z gsk j? fijV/ ;zsK B{z Fjhd nkyd/ jB
T[BQK B{z ikB'I wkoB dh Xweh nk ikfJnk eodh j?< fJBQK ;kfonK dh }pkB s/ Fpd jB, **;zs
uVQdh ebk ftu jB.** fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ B{z ;ohjh d/yfdnK j'fJnK gzE ykb;k ykw'F j?. fco eh
ejK j'o w?I ;zs B{z< fojk j'D ;ko w?I pkg{ i'frzdo f;zx gk; ik e/ T[BQK B{z ;wMktKrk.
b'eK B/ ;zs ioB?b f;zx d/ fgsk ns/ GoktK B{z **FjhdK dk gfotko HHH FjhdK dk gfotko**
nky e/ f;o s/ fpmkD dk :sB ehsk. w?I w[ZY'I **FjhdK dk gfotko** Now B{z gqtkB BjhI eodk.
Fjhd T[; pzd/ B{z nkfynk iKdk j? fijVk nkgD/ fBZih gfotko dhnK pzdFK, w'j s/ fgnko s'I T[ Zgo
T[m e/ ;ko/ ;z;ko B{z nkgDk gfotko ikDdk j?. XhowZb ns/ okwokfJ r[o{ noiB d/t ih dh
Fjkds ekoB eh FjhdK dk gfotko j' rJ/< w?I Fjhd BjhI j'fJnk ;h, e/tb i/bQ ftu B}opzd
j'fJnk ;K. fJ;/ ;fEsh dk bkG T[mke/ w/o/ ukuk ikB B/ w/oh }whB T[go jb c/o fbnk ;h. i/
c"i w?B{z wko fdzdh sK w/ok ukuk FjhdK dk gfotko j'D ekoB ;BwkfBs j[zdk. tk;st ftu
nekbhnK B/ t'Np?Ie gZe/ eoB fjs e[M e[ FjhdK d/ gfotkoK B{z fNeNK d/ e/ fBtkiDk ;h. fJj
fJe f;nk;h jZEezv/ s'I tZX e[ZM BjhI ;h. ;/y'I B{z w?I N?r'o dh eftsk dk fJe pzd G/ifdnK fbfynk
;h fe FjhdK dk gfotko fej' fijk j[zdk j? ;[D' L
;[nkj Xosh s/ fvr e/, X{nK nkekFhI uVQ e/,
F/yh wkod/ jB- n;hI th nZr d/ G?D Gok jK.
fojkJh T[gozs w?B{z Bkr;?B B/ dZf;nk fe bkb f;zx dopko ;kfjp ikD s'I fJBekoh j'fJnk
p?mk j?. ;zs ioB?b f;zx t/b/ T[j nkw iKdk ofjzdk ;h. T[;B{z ekoB g[ZfSnk sK Nkb wN'b eodk
fojk. fJe fdB T[;B/ eosko f;zx pbZrD dh g[okDh r}b dk fFno ;[DkfJnk L
jho Bkb jh p; T[jfdnK wfjbK dh o"De ;h
Gbk u{ue d/ j[D ykbh u[pko/ e"D ftzjdk J/.
T[j'. j[D ;wM nkJh ejkDh. sd T[;B{z ;wMkfJnk fe fJ; u{ue dh jt/bh ftu'I jho feXo/ BjhI
ikfJnk eodh. e/tb bkb f;zx BjhI, fJ; jZb/ wro'I eJh f;Zy r[o{ wjkoki Bkb o[Z;/ d/y/ rJ/
;B. bkb f;zx B/ g[ZfSnk, **i/ oZp B{z G[bkT[Dk j't/ sK eh sohek j?< w?I fejk **fi; B{z G[bkDk j't/
T[; B{z ik e/ fwb b?Dk ukjhdk j?. s{z dopko ;kfjp ikj.**

25
1982-83 d/ d' ;kb ;zs fiZE/ iKd/ GhVK i[V iKdhnK ;B. i[nkBK B/ bZyK dh frDsh ftu
nzfwqsgkB eo fbnk. ;kps ;{os ofjDk s/ ;[jDhnK d;skoK ;ikT[Dk fJe c?FB pD frnk. f;ZyK
Bkb j'JhnK p/fJB;kchnK dk ;zs bzwK ;wK f}eo eod/. uzvhrVQ w?I T[BQK B{z d' xzN/ GkFD fdzd/
;[fDnk. nkgD/ GkFD ftu T[j fJe gzesh ne;o rkfJnk eod/ ;B. efj th fdzd/ ;B fe ;kX
;zrs ih fJj j? sk eZuh pkDh, fJ; bJh wkch wzr b?Idk jK, go nkT[ ob fwb e/ rkJhJ/ L
;kvk sK fBwkfDnK dk s{z jh n?I, j'o e'Jh nk;ok BjhI.
j'o e'Jh nk;ok BjhI. ih j'o e'Jh nk;ok BjhI.
T[;d/ p'bK dh t/dBk, T[;d/ FpdK ftubk f;Zyh tk;s/ v{zxk ns/ fgnkok d[Zy d/y e/ fJe nZX tko
w?I nkgD/ ;zrh ;kEhnK B{z fejk, **fes/ wo sK BjhI ikJ/rk fJj ;kX feXo/< w/o/ ;kEh nkyd/
**g[ZmhnK rZbK Bk efonk eo. fJ; dh bzwh T[wo dh rZb eo. fJj' fij/ :'X/ p}koK ftu BjhI
fted/.**
w?I pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dk ihtB fpqsKs fJe tko BjhI nB/e tko gfVQnk. fiBQK B/ pkpk
ih dk fJfsjk; gfVQnk j? ns/ ;zs ioB?b f;zx dk ftjko d/fynk j? T[BQK B{z d'jK ftu nB/e
;wkBskJhnK bZG ikDrhnK. d'jK ftu pkdFkjs ns/ cehoh, dfonk fdbh ns/ f;de, ihtB w"s
tZb fJe' fijh B}o n?B ;kca fd;/rh.fgnko eoB ftu ns/ d[FwD fto[ZX bVB tes edh
frDshnK fwDshnk ftu BjhI gJ/. d[FwD bZyK dh frDsh ftu j[zdk Gkt/I, p/fMie p/y"c j' e/
bfVnk pkpk pzdk f;zx. sZs ykb;k d/ f;zx efjD bZr/ fe n;hI w[rbK fto[ZX j'o BjhI bVBk
j[D. pkp/ B/ r[Z;k BjhI ehsk s/ ikD bJh efj fdZsk. id'I c"i B/ r'bhpkoh s'I gfjb' I n?bkB ehsk
fe fiBQK B/ nksw ;wogD eoBk j? jZE yVQ / eoe/ pkjo nk ikD sd ;zs ioB?b f;zx B/ ;G
wkJh GkJh fJeZm/ eo bJ/ s/ fejk, **fijV/ ub/ ikDr/ T[j gzE dh ;/tk eoBr/. e'Jh o'; BjhI
fe;/ gqsh, fMieDk BjhI ykb;k ih. fiBQK B/ ikDk j? T[j ub/ ikD. n;hI fJE/ ojKr/. s[;hI ik e/
;kv/ tk;s/ nodk;K r[o{ wjkoki nr/ }o{o eod/ ofjDk. tkfjr[o{ Gbh eo/rk.** ekch ;ko/ f;Zy
nksw ;wogD eo rJ/. ioB?b F[p/r f;zx ns/ GkJh nwohe f;zx ;w/s ;?IeV/ f;Zy Fjkds dh
gqkgsh tk;s/ o[e rJ/. id'I pkpk pzdk f;zx B/ ;ojzd cfsj eo fbnk ns/ f;Zy ;?Bk ;'Bk uKdh
jho/ b[ ZND bZrh sd pkpk ih B/ GkJh nkbh f;zx B{z fejk, **fJBQK B{z eoB fdU i' eod/ jB.
GkJh ;kfjp s[;hI w?B{z T[BQK fJZNK d/ dhdko eotkT[ fiBQK B{z ;kfjp}kfdnK d/ nzrK dh S[j B;hp
j'Jh ;h.** GkJh nkbh f;zx fJZNK d/ Y/o gk; b? rJ/ s/ r'fvnK Gko j' e/ pkpk ih B/ fJZNK B{z
jzM{nK Bkb fJFBkB eokfJnk. f;Zy gozgok B{z ;zs ioB?b f;zx fJt/I fgnko eodk ;h. sZs ykb;k
i/ pkpk pzdk f;zx dk ;kE fdzdk ofjzdk sd T[; B{z e'Jh BjhI ;h frqcsko eo ;edk. T[j :[ZX
ftu BjhI jkfonk ;h. co[y;hno B/ f;nk;s okjhI T[; B{z jokfJnk ;h. nekbhnK B/ f;nk;s B{z
jw/F gfjbh fdZsh. f;nk;s ;zs B{z nkT[ Idh jh BjhI ;h. T[j nkg fejk eod/ ;B fe w?B{z Xow dk
E'VQk fijk gsk bZfrnk j? f;nk;s dk fpbe[b gsk BjhI. fe;/ ;o's/ B/ g[ZfSnk, **go Bkb/ s[;hI
efjzd/ j' f;nk;s ns/ Xow fJeZm/ jB gzE ftu**, sK ;zs ih B/ fejk, **j[D fejVk fJj efj fojk
jK fe tZy tZy jB. w?I sK fJj fejk j? fe jB d't/I fJeZm/ go w?B{z f;nk;s BjhI nkT[Idh. nkT[Dh
ukjhdh j?, eh eoK BjhI nkJh. w?I sK nkgDh T{DskJh dk f}eo ehsk j? s[jkv/ nZr/. ;Zu p'bD
ftu e'Jh gkg sK BjhI Bk.** i/ nekbhnK ftu E'Vk e[ Xow j[zdk sd fJ; ;kX B{z wkoB tkbk
e'Jh BjhI ;h izfwnk. i/ ;zs ioB?b f;zx ftu e[M f;nk;s j[zdh sK th T[; B/ pu ikDk ;h.
cK;h dk oZ;k d/ye/ wB;{o B/ fejk **y[dktzd eohw, fwjopkB j' e/ i' e[M s{z w?B{z fdZsk i/ fJBQK
b'eK B{z th fdZsk j[zdk sK w/o/ Bkb i' j'D bZrk j? T[j Bk j[zdk ns/ fi; t;s{ s'I s{z fJBQK B{z
tzfus oZfynk j? i/ ;kB{z th tzfus oZydk sd th fJj e[M BjhI j'Dk ;h. go i' s{z d/t/I ;' Gbk.
fiE/ s{z oZy/I ;'Jh Gbk. nkwhB.**
id'I w?B{z e'Jh g[Sdk fe eh ;zs pu e/ fBeb frnk j? fit/I ;[DhIdk j?, w?I ne;o T[ Zso Bk
fdzdk. ci{b Fpd G/V s'I puDk uzrk. T[; dk wB ns/ T[;dk ;oho fJefwe ;B s/ T[;dh B;b
puD tkfbnK torh j? jh BjhI ;h. GkJh Bzd bkb ih dk fFno j? L
**wB;{o dk Bkw b?Dk j? sK oZ;k nkgD/ e'b oZyhI jo tes. fes/ ibkd Nkb wN'b eoB bZr/ fe
T[; gk; cK;h bkT[D bJh oZ;k BjhI j?, s{z oZ;k nkgD/ e'b oZyhI jo tes.**
fJe fdB w?I Bkr;?B B{z g[ZfSnk, **Bkr;?B eh f;Zy T[; B{z ikD rJ/ jB fe T[j eh efj e/ frnk.

26
Bkr;?B B/ fejk, **e[M ikDd/ jB, tXhe BjhI ikDd/. fijV/ T[;B{z ikDd/ jB T[j th dopko
;kfjp Yfj ikD dh rZb sK eo fbnk eoBr/ edh edkJhI, fJ; ;kX dh rZb BjhI eoBr/ feT[ Ife
T[j vo/ j'J/ jB. f;Zy brksko fJj nkyd/ jB fe T[j pjkdo jB. fijVk pko pko pjkdoh dk
dkntk eo/ T[j fe;/ s'I vfonk j'fJnk j[zdk j?. tXhe b'e T[;B{z BjhI ikkDd/ iK BjhI ikDBk
ukj[zd/. g[oksB :{BkBh fcbk;co j/okebkJhN; B/ fejk ;h, **nZy, i/ ;{oi torh Bk j[zdh, ;{oi B{z
d/y Bk ;edh.**
FkfJo ;sBkw f;zx ][wko Bkb xzfNnK pZXh rZbK j[zdhnK. fJe fdB efjD bZr/, **fi; e"w
B/ pj[s d[Zy d/y/ j'D, fJBkw ti'I oZp T[; B{z T[sw ;kfjs ns/ T[sw ;zrhs dh dks fdzdk j?.
f;ZyK Bkb fJ; gZy s'I oZp B/ fBnK BjhI ehsk. d[Zy fdZs/ s/ pdb/ ftu Bk ;kfjs fwfbnk Bk
;zrhs.** w?I g[ZfSnk, **eh GftZy ftu nfijk j'D dh e'Jh ;zGktBk j?