PERSISTENCE OF THE LATIN ACCENT IN THE NOMINAL ...

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4-11 Heavy/Light (H/L) outcomes of accented syllables in Catalan, Castilian, and Portuguese based on nature of tonic syllable in Latin first declension disyllables..........163 4-12 Contingency table for H/L outcomes in tonic syllable from (HC)('HC), (HV)('HC), and L('HC) first declension nouns..................................................167 4-13 Distribution of heavy/light syllables in outcomes of first declension trisyllables with penultimate accent of the type (HC)('HC) ................................................................167 4-14 Tableau for output of first declension trisyllable with penultimate accent on HC type syllable .............................................................................................................................171 4-15 Tableau for output of first declension trisyllable with penultimate accent on HC type syllable with PARSE-σ and ALIGNR constraints ...............................................................172 4-16 Tableau for output of first declension trisyllable with penultimate accent on HV type syllable with PARSE-σ and ALIGNR constraints ...............................................................175 4-17 Distribution of heavy/light syllables in outcomes from first declension trisyllable patterns (HV)('HV) and (L)('HV) ......................................................................176 4-18 Resolution of hiatus in output of Latin first declension trisyllables ................................177 4-19 Tableau for output of first declension trisyllable with penultimate accent on HV type syllable with PARSE-σ and ALIGNR constraints ...............................................................180 4-20 Tableau for selection of hiatus or rising diphthong in Catalan........................................182 4-21 Tableau for selection of falling diphthong in Catalan .....................................................183 4-22 Prosodic templates of first declension trisyllables with antepenultimate accent.............183 4-23 Outcomes of syncope in first declension trisyllables with antepenultimate accent: ('HV)L type ...............................................................................................................184 4-24 Output of first declension ('HV)L.............................................................................185 4-25 Output of first declension ('L.L) ...............................................................................187 4-26 Output of first declension ('HV)L and ('L.L).....................................................188 4-27 Output of first declension ('HC)L .............................................................................190 4-28 Contingency table for H/L outcome in Catalan, Castilian, and Portuguese for the accented syllable from ('HC)L and ('HC) ..........................................................192 4-29 Tableau to assign accent in Fijian loanwords ..................................................................194 4-30 Prosodic templates for first declension four-syllable nouns............................................195 10
4-31 Possible heavy/light syllable configurations in four-syllable first declension nouns with penultimate accent and HC1 penultimate syllable...................................................196 4-32 Nature of first three syllables in outcomes of first declension L.L.HC1.L and L.HV.HC1.L inputs..........................................................................................................197 4-33 Proto-Catalan sonority ranking........................................................................................197 4-34 Phonotactic restrictions for codas in Catalan, Castilian, and Portuguese........................199 4-35 Tableau for first declension input type L.L.HC1.L .........................................................200 4-36 Possible heavy/light syllable configurations in 4-syllable first declension nouns with penultimate accent and HV1 penultimate syllable...........................................................201 4-37 Cases of syncope in 4-syllable first declension nouns with penultimate accent..............202 4-38 Nature of first three syllables in outcomes of first declension HC.HC.HV1.L ...............204 4-39 Nature of the first three syllables in outcomes of first declension HC.HC.HV1.L and HC.L.L1.L........................................................................................................................206 4-40 Nature of the first three syllables in outcomes of first declension HV/L.HV/L.HV/L1.L ......................................................................................................211 4-41 Nature of the first three syllables in outcomes of all first declension tetrayllables with penultimate accent ...........................................................................................................212 4-42 Syllable count in output of X.HC1.L.L............................................................................214 4-43 Outcomes of X.HC1.L.L first declension nouns by syllable type ...................................215 4-44 Tableau for first declension input type HC.HC.L.L ........................................................216 4-45 Outcomes of X.L1.L.L first declension nouns by type of accented syllable and word level syllable count ..........................................................................................................217 4-46 Outcomes of five-syllable first declension nouns with penultimate accent.....................226 4-47 Output of first declension pentasyllables with penultimate accent by language and syllable count ...................................................................................................................227 4-48 Outcomes of five-syllable first declension nouns with antepenultimate accent..............228 5-1 Vowel sonority hierarchy.................................................................................................237 5-2 Preservation of HC initial syllables in Catalan, Castilian, and Portuguese nouns from Latin second and fourth declension disyllables............................................238 11
Page 1 and 2: PERSISTENCE OF THE LATIN ACCENT IN
Page 3 and 4: To the memory of my parents, Manuel
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .
Page 7 and 8: Four-syllable Nouns................
Page 9: 3-5 Vulgar Latin constraints on acc
Page 13 and 14: 5-22 Distribution of heavy/light sy
Page 15 and 16: 2-3 Iambic shortening..............
Page 17 and 18: 5-13 Relative frequency of 3-syllab
Page 19 and 20: 6-9 Outcomes of disyllablic nouns w
Page 21 and 22: etween primary accent and the segme
Page 23 and 24: of those constraints in the three m
Page 25 and 26: B “this perfect correlation canno
Page 27 and 28: The vowel labeled [+stress] in Figu
Page 29 and 30: The word agreement in Figure 1-6 Li
Page 31 and 32: monosyllable. Therefore, it is mark
Page 33 and 34: specific rules. In the Halle/Vergna
Page 35 and 36: ut of those pieces of a syllable th
Page 37 and 38: and a period indicates non-head ele
Page 39 and 40: With regard to extension, bounded s
Page 41 and 42: patterns B and C; these correspond
Page 43 and 44: In order to achieve the binary patt
Page 45 and 46: output.” The assessment of output
Page 47 and 48: constraints in recognizing universa
Page 49 and 50: glides liquids nasals voiced voicel
Page 51 and 52: It can be seen from Table 1-4 that
Page 53 and 54: discussion). Additionally, initial
Page 55 and 56: Both MAX and DEP have consequences
Page 57 and 58: is the case of syllabic nasals and
Page 59 and 60: Jacobs 1999, 384). Examples of fina
Page 61 and 62:
Gradient constraints (Hayes 2000, B
Page 63 and 64:
DEPI/O and ROOT-IDENT. However, if
Page 65 and 66:
antepenultimate accent was once con
Page 67 and 68:
structure, such as constraints on c
Page 69 and 70:
co-occurrence of both pitch and str
Page 71 and 72:
2-2 the first line shows the poetic
Page 73 and 74:
poetry and song is well known in ma
Page 75 and 76:
Table 2-3. Early Latin syncope 1. L
Page 77 and 78:
The OT derivation of pre-classical
Page 79 and 80:
2-5 the results of the new constrai
Page 81 and 82:
Iambic Shortening and Cretic Shorte
Page 83 and 84:
eproduced in Table 2-6, are all two
Page 85 and 86:
there are two underlying, inviolabl
Page 87 and 88:
(nom. sg.), capitis (gen. sg.). Not
Page 89 and 90:
celiandre. However, Portuguese coen
Page 91 and 92:
lengthening to devlop in a language
Page 93 and 94:
‘sorrowful.’ Allen (1973, 137)
Page 95 and 96:
means that not all elements on the
Page 97 and 98:
(2.16) H/R: Align the head foot to
Page 99 and 100:
more successful in learning primary
Page 101 and 102:
CHAPTER 3 FROM QUANTITY SENSITIVE T
Page 103 and 104:
terminology, it is also characteriz
Page 105 and 106:
Clusters of the type liquid + stop
Page 107 and 108:
one most propitious for syncope, th
Page 109 and 110:
How syncope actually affects the as
Page 111 and 112:
complex codas for Catalan and coda
Page 113 and 114:
ca(pi.clum,), (ar)(ti.clus), (ver)(
Page 115 and 116:
Jacobs’s suggestion of syncope as
Page 117 and 118:
espectively 5 (The other languages
Page 119 and 120:
When the difference is computed as
Page 121 and 122:
città to project two moras to sati
Page 123 and 124:
frequency of occurrence. The invent
Page 125 and 126:
Port. olho; from -g’l-, as in VL
Page 127 and 128:
number of the left corresponds to A
Page 129 and 130:
Apocope Apocope is further evidence
Page 131 and 132:
141 faseolus non fassiolus. Cat. fe
Page 133 and 134:
The authors of the study on Catalan
Page 135 and 136:
(3.6) MAX-IO-V[lo]: If an input V s
Page 137 and 138:
Table 3-16. Latin words of 2 to 5 s
Page 139 and 140:
CHAPTER 4 ACCENTUAL PATTERNS IN THE
Page 141 and 142:
preference for heavy syllables in p
Page 143 and 144:
Sihler (1995, 266-269) notes that t
Page 145 and 146:
to pre-tonic and post-tonic vowels
Page 147 and 148:
appear in shaded cells. Results are
Page 149 and 150:
the resolution of complex internal
Page 151 and 152:
to at least one syllable except for
Page 153 and 154:
In the case of Latin two-syllable w
Page 155 and 156:
Table 4-5. Contingency table for H/
Page 157 and 158:
Lat. tructa, ae, f. ‘trout’ 14
Page 159 and 160:
fronting of preceding vowel, Portug
Page 161 and 162:
stages of Catalan, for example, Old
Page 163 and 164:
232 disyllabic first declension Lat
Page 165 and 166:
HC A) Penultimate Accent HV L B) An
Page 167 and 168:
Table 4-12. Contingency table for H
Page 169 and 170:
The new prosodic template that has
Page 171 and 172:
construct a foot to the left of the
Page 173 and 174:
higher degree of prominence because
Page 175 and 176:
Table 4-16. Tableau for output of f
Page 177 and 178:
100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0%
Page 179 and 180:
eina, rainha (cf. Lloyd 1987, 320);
Page 181 and 182:
provides a pronunciation of [pə'ri
Page 183 and 184:
Table 4-21. Tableau for selection o
Page 185 and 186:
STW (A stressed syllable is bimorai
Page 187 and 188:
suggested that such words may never
Page 189 and 190:
stressed syllable is bimoraic). Mai
Page 191 and 192:
The difference in distribution of h
Page 193 and 194:
100.00% 80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00%
Page 195 and 196:
heavy; the same situation holds for
Page 197 and 198:
L.L.L1.L. The primary cause of loss
Page 199 and 200:
epresentation of a segment in stand
Page 201 and 202:
violations specific to their langua
Page 203 and 204:
In the input forms in Table 4-37 th
Page 205 and 206:
Combining the results of both group
Page 207 and 208:
‘corner of one’s mouth’ is pr
Page 209 and 210:
Veinte presas H L L H hemos hecho L
Page 211 and 212:
In terms of syllabic loss, the L.L.
Page 213 and 214:
78 cases represented in the data se
Page 215 and 216:
pronounced [əmέʎʎə] and [am
Page 217 and 218:
Catalan (peripheral areas of Centra
Page 219 and 220:
penultimate accent, for example, Ch
Page 221 and 222:
coincide with a morpheme or prefix.
Page 223 and 224:
For the languages in question, then
Page 225 and 226:
morpheme. The second pattern with i
Page 227 and 228:
Because the five-syllable words are
Page 229 and 230:
Surprisingly, Portuguese shows the
Page 231 and 232:
unaccented syllable. It is always m
Page 233 and 234:
CHAPTER FIVE VOWEL LOSS AND THE RIS
Page 235 and 236:
this declension class and feminine
Page 237 and 238:
some cases. The constraints that pr
Page 239 and 240:
high percentage of cases in both Ca
Page 241 and 242:
(5.2) MAX SEGMENT INPUT-OUTPUT (abb
Page 243 and 244:
315) employs the concept of the dem
Page 245 and 246:
glide accounts for the somewhat low
Page 247 and 248:
The effect of demotion of MAX V is
Page 249 and 250:
The locus of primary accent is pred
Page 251 and 252:
nominative and accusative (Gran dic
Page 253 and 254:
108). The final consonant of the CC
Page 255 and 256:
Catalan peu ( Port. exame. As in Ta
Page 257 and 258:
100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0%
Page 259 and 260:
Three-syllable Nouns The outcomes o
Page 261 and 262:
For example, in most varieties of C
Page 263 and 264:
80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0%
Page 265 and 266:
to-Head) constraint calls for a hea
Page 267 and 268:
coda-less tonic syllable in aspecto
Page 269 and 270:
20 15 10 5 0 H L H L H L H L S3 S2
Page 271 and 272:
(C)V.'CVC2.C1V → (C)V.'CVC1. Loss
Page 273 and 274:
irmão ‘brother’ (< germānus,
Page 275 and 276:
preference for the two-syllable tem
Page 277 and 278:
and HV syllables are combined. Agai
Page 279 and 280:
-ón and Por. -ão, outcomes of Lat
Page 281 and 282:
100.0% ➊ ➋ ➌ 80.0% 60.0% 40.0
Page 283 and 284:
the HV type syllable in Ibero-Roman
Page 285 and 286:
NOCODACAT, CAS, POR or SONSEQ (in t
Page 287 and 288:
24 20 16 12 8 4 CAT ➊ ➋ 0 H.H.'
Page 289 and 290:
coda position may not be identical
Page 291 and 292:
uniformity in the nature of the fir
Page 293 and 294:
an uneven trochee due to its decrea
Page 295 and 296:
not belong to a learned register wh
Page 297 and 298:
The nine cases of ultimate accent i
Page 299 and 300:
100 80 60 40 20 0 L.L.'L.L ➊ ➎
Page 301 and 302:
that the proposed parsing, L('H), i
Page 303 and 304:
frequent L('H.L.L) (data points 1 a
Page 305 and 306:
learned or semi-learned in nature,
Page 307 and 308:
24 20 16 12 ➌ ➍ 8 ➊ 4 ➋ ➎
Page 309 and 310:
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 ➋ ➊ ➌ ,H.
Page 311 and 312:
Classical Latin it is treated here
Page 313 and 314:
Table 5-22. Distribution of heavy/l
Page 315 and 316:
There are few cases of reduction to
Page 317 and 318:
5-35 have a unifying factor, a syll
Page 319 and 320:
eduction strategies seen here, apoc
Page 321 and 322:
5-38, 5-39, 5-40) is a four-syllabl
Page 323 and 324:
CHAPTER SIX PREFERRED PROSODIC TEMP
Page 325 and 326:
Level 2: Assign * to the head foot
Page 327 and 328:
for continuation of a heavy initial
Page 329 and 330:
The set of five-syllable nouns with
Page 331 and 332:
Patterns with Antepenultimate Accen
Page 333 and 334:
that coincide in the three language
Page 335 and 336:
deletion of a pretonic vowel. Thus,
Page 337 and 338:
were disyllabic, then the two most
Page 339 and 340:
locus of accent for Catalan. This i
Page 341 and 342:
verb system as well where verbs of
Page 343 and 344:
positions of non-prominence and rig
Page 345 and 346:
(6.9) Max/front: A vowel in the inp
Page 347 and 348:
250 200 150 100 ➍ 50 0 -50 '
Page 349 and 350:
displacement of accent to the penul
Page 351 and 352:
liebre, Port. lebre (
Page 353 and 354:
Table 6-8. Continued 'L.H L.'H H.'H
Page 355 and 356:
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 CAT CA
Page 357 and 358:
While perhaps not representative of
Page 359 and 360:
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 C
Page 361 and 362:
input to this preferred template co
Page 363 and 364:
Table 6-13. Distribution and origin
Page 365 and 366:
een shown here that the datasets of
Page 367 and 368:
APPENDIX A APPENDIX PROBI Väänän
Page 369 and 370:
172 anus non anucla. 173 tondeo non
Page 371 and 372:
x Row 2: End Rule (Final, Word) wea
Page 373 and 374:
monstro [mõʃtɾu] and Cat. monstr
Page 375 and 376:
D → F F Each dipode consists of t
Page 377 and 378:
stress-based poetic verse emerges a
Page 379 and 380:
utilize Latin. However, Wright (198
Page 381 and 382:
of bearing an accent. Therefore, fu
Page 383 and 384:
383 Etymon Dcl σ Ac Temp Gen CAT
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Page 387 and 388:
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Page 391 and 392:
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Page 395 and 396:
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397 Etymon HV.HC1.X (14) Dcl σ Ac
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Page 401 and 402:
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Page 405 and 406:
405 Etymon HV1.L.X (1) Dcl σ Ac Te
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411 Etymon HC.HC1.X (1) Dcl σ Ac T
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Page 415 and 416:
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419 Etymon HV1.L.X (1) Dcl σ Ac Te
Page 421 and 422:
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443 Etymon L.HC1.X (14) Dcl σ Ac T
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451 Etymon L.HC1.X (18) Dcl σ Ac T
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457 Etymon L1.L.X (1) Dcl σ Ac Tem
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459 Etymon L.HC1.X (1) Dcl σ Ac Te
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
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467 Etymon L1.L.X (2) Dcl σ Ac Tem
Page 469 and 470:
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475 Etymon HV1.L (43) Dcl σ Ac Tem
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LIST OF REFERENCES Abaurre, Maria B
Page 505 and 506:
Bonet, Eulàlia, and Joan Mascaró.
Page 507 and 508:
Davies, Mark. (2002-2004). Corpus d
Page 509 and 510:
———. 2004. Positional weight
Page 511 and 512:
Hulst, Harry van der, Bernadet Hend
Page 513 and 514:
Lloyd, Paul M. 1987. Historical pho
Page 515 and 516:
———. 2000. Variation and chan
Page 517 and 518:
Saltarelli, Mario. 2003. A constrai
Page 519 and 520:
Yip, Moira. 1991. Coronals, consona
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