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Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in Developmental Disabilities<br />
The <str<strong>on</strong>g>Journal</str<strong>on</strong>g> of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental Disabilities,<br />
The Council for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children<br />
Editor: Stanley H. Zucker<br />
Ariz<strong>on</strong>a State University<br />
C<strong>on</strong>sulting Editors<br />
Martin Agran<br />
Reuben Altman<br />
Phillip J. Belfiore<br />
Shar<strong>on</strong> Borthwick-Duffy<br />
Michael P. Brady<br />
Fredda Brown<br />
Mary Lynne Calhoun<br />
Shar<strong>on</strong> F. Cramer<br />
Caroline Dunn<br />
Lise Fox<br />
David L. Gast<br />
Herbert Goldstein<br />
Robert Henders<strong>on</strong><br />
Carolyn Hughes<br />
Larry K. Irvin<br />
James V. Kahn<br />
H. Earle Knowlt<strong>on</strong><br />
Barry W. Lavay<br />
Rena Lewis<br />
Kathleen J. Marshall<br />
Editorial Assistant: Hannah H. Hainline<br />
Ariz<strong>on</strong>a State University<br />
John McD<strong>on</strong>nell<br />
Gale M. Morris<strong>on</strong><br />
Gabriel A. Nardi<br />
John Nietupski<br />
James R. Patt<strong>on</strong><br />
Edward A. Polloway<br />
Thomas G. Roberts<br />
Robert S. Rueda<br />
Diane L. Ryndak<br />
Edward J. Sabornie<br />
Laurence R. Sargent<br />
Gary M. Sasso<br />
Tom E. C. Smith<br />
Scott Sparks<br />
Fred Spo<strong>on</strong>er<br />
Robert Stodden<br />
Keith Storey<br />
David L. Westling<br />
John J. Wheeler<br />
Mark Wolery<br />
Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in Developmental Disabilities is sent to all members of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental Disabilities of The Council<br />
for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children. All <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> members must first be members of The Council for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children. <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> membership dues<br />
are $25.00 for regular members <strong>and</strong> $13.00 for full time students. Membership is <strong>on</strong> a yearly basis. All inquiries c<strong>on</strong>cerning membership,<br />
subscripti<strong>on</strong>, advertising, etc. should be sent to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental Disabilities, 1110 North Glebe Road, Arlingt<strong>on</strong>, VA 22201.<br />
Advertising rates are available up<strong>on</strong> request.<br />
Manuscripts should be typed, double spaced, <strong>and</strong> sent (five copies) to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Editor: Stanley H. Zucker, Special Educati<strong>on</strong> Program, Box<br />
872011, Ariz<strong>on</strong>a State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2011. Each manuscript should have a cover sheet that gives <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> names, affiliati<strong>on</strong>s, <strong>and</strong><br />
complete addresses of all authors.<br />
Editing policies are based <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Publicati<strong>on</strong> Manual, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> American Psychological Associati<strong>on</strong>, 2001 revisi<strong>on</strong>. Additi<strong>on</strong>al informati<strong>on</strong> is<br />
provided <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> inside back cover. Any signed article is <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> pers<strong>on</strong>al expressi<strong>on</strong> of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> author; likewise, any advertisement is <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> resp<strong>on</strong>sibility<br />
of <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> advertiser. Nei<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r necessarily carries <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> endorsement unless specifically set forth by adopted resoluti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in Developmental Disabilities is abstracted <strong>and</strong> indexed in Psychological Abstracts, PsycINFO, e-psyche, Abstracts<br />
for Social Workers, Internati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>Journal</str<strong>on</strong>g> of Rehabilitati<strong>on</strong> Research, Current C<strong>on</strong>tents/Social <strong>and</strong> Behavioral Sciences, Excerpta Medica,<br />
Social Sciences Citati<strong>on</strong> Index, Adolescent Mental Health Abstracts, Educati<strong>on</strong>al Administrati<strong>on</strong> Abstracts, Educati<strong>on</strong>al Research Abstracts,<br />
<strong>and</strong> Language <strong>and</strong> Language Behavior Abstracts. Additi<strong>on</strong>ally, it is annotated <strong>and</strong> indexed by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> ERIC Clearinghouse <strong>on</strong> H<strong>and</strong>icapped <strong>and</strong><br />
Gifted Children for publicati<strong>on</strong> in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> m<strong>on</strong>thly print index Current Index to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Journal</str<strong>on</strong>g>s in Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> quarterly index, Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Child<br />
Educati<strong>on</strong> Resources.<br />
Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in Developmental Disabilities Vol. 43, No. 1, March 2008, Copyright 2008 by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental<br />
Disabilities, The Council for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental Disabilities<br />
The Council for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children<br />
Board of Directors<br />
Officers<br />
Past President Phil Parette<br />
President Polly Parrish<br />
President-Elect J. David Smith<br />
Vice President Emily Bouck<br />
Secretary T<strong>on</strong>i Merfeld<br />
Treasurer Am<strong>and</strong>a Boutot<br />
Members<br />
Leslie Broun<br />
Linda Laz<br />
Nikki Murdick<br />
Angie St<strong>on</strong>e-MacD<strong>on</strong>ald (Student Governor)<br />
Dianne Zager<br />
Deborah Wichmanowski<br />
Executive Director<br />
Tom E. C. Smith<br />
Publicati<strong>on</strong>s Chair<br />
Jack Hourcade<br />
Communicati<strong>on</strong>s Chair<br />
Darlene Perner<br />
The purposes of this organizati<strong>on</strong> shall be to advance <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> welfare of pers<strong>on</strong>s with developmental disabilities, research in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
educati<strong>on</strong> of pers<strong>on</strong>s with developmental disabilities, competency of educators in this field, public underst<strong>and</strong>ing of developmental disabilities,<br />
<strong>and</strong> legislati<strong>on</strong> needed to help accomplish <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>se goals. The <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> shall encourage <strong>and</strong> promote professi<strong>on</strong>al growth, research, <strong>and</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
disseminati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> utilizati<strong>on</strong> of research findings.<br />
EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES (ISSN 1547-0350) (USPS 0168-5000) is published quarterly in<br />
March, June, September, <strong>and</strong> December, by The Council for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children, <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental Disabilities, 1110 North<br />
Glebe Road, Arlingt<strong>on</strong>, Virginia 22201-5704. Members’ dues to The Council for Excepti<strong>on</strong>al Children <str<strong>on</strong>g>Divisi<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Developmental<br />
Disabilities include $8.00 for subscripti<strong>on</strong> to EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES. Subscripti<strong>on</strong> to<br />
EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES is available without membership; Individual—U.S. $40.00 per<br />
year; Canada, PUAS, <strong>and</strong> all o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r countries $44.00; Instituti<strong>on</strong>s—U.S. $175.00 per year; Canada, PUAS, <strong>and</strong> all o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r countries<br />
$179.50; single copy price is $25.00. U.S. Periodicals postage is paid at Arlingt<strong>on</strong>, Virginia 22204 <strong>and</strong> additi<strong>on</strong>al mailing offices.<br />
POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES, 1110 North Glebe<br />
Road, Arlingt<strong>on</strong>, Virginia 22201-5704.