The case of smallholders in Sierra Leone - agrilife - Europa

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XII 4.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STABEX FUNDED PROGRAMMES AND PRIORITY ISSUES ..............................53 4.1.1 Support to food crop production: rice ..................................................................................54 4.1.2 Support to cash crop production: cocoa and coffee ..............................................................54 4.2 INITIAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF STABEX PROGRAMMES..................................................................55 4.2.1 Rice ......................................................................................................................................55 4.2.2 Cocoa and coffee..................................................................................................................56 5 SURVEY METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................58 5.1 STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................................58 5.1.1 Sample Size and Selection ....................................................................................................59 5.1.2 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................60 5.2 DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS.....................................................................61 5.2.1 Calculation of economic performance ..................................................................................62 5.2.2 Input factor productivity of smallholders..............................................................................71 6 SURVEY RESULTS ........................................................................................................................73 6.1 CHARACTERISATION OF SMALLHOLDERS....................................................................................73 6.1.1 Household demography ........................................................................................................73 6.1.2 Main activities and income sources ......................................................................................75 6.1.3 Crop Allocation and Farm Production of smallholders ........................................................77 6.1.4 Resources of smallholders ....................................................................................................80 6.1.5 Infrastructure and communication........................................................................................85 6.1.6 Community leadership and social participation....................................................................86 6.2 EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDERS...................89 6.2.1 Farm typology ......................................................................................................................89 Agricultural income of smallholders..................................................................................................94 6.2.3 Economic viability of smallholders .........................................................................................108 6.3 INPUT FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALLHOLDERS ...................................................................118 6.3.1 Land productivity ...............................................................................................................118 6.3.2 Labour productivity...........................................................................................................121 6.4 EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPPORT PROVIDED ...................................................128 6.4.1 Relevance ...........................................................................................................................131
XIII 6.4.2 Effectiveness.......................................................................................................................136 6.4.3 Impact ................................................................................................................................139 6.4.4 Sustainability......................................................................................................................141 6.4.5 General Improvement in the Community Area ....................................................................143 6.4.6 Non-Supported Farmers .....................................................................................................145 7 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................154 7.1 SURVEYED SMALLHOLDERS, AGRARIAN SYSTEM AND INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND..............154 7.2 INCOME CALCULATION, POVERTY LEVEL AND PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS ................................156 7.3 MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS OF STABEX – FUNDED PROJECTS .........................................................159 7.4 INSIGHTS FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE....................................................................................160 7.5 METHODOLOGICAL LESSONS AND INSIGHTS FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS.......................................162 8 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................164 9 APPENDICES................................................................................................................................172 Appendix I. Questionnaire A ............................................................................................................172 Appendix II. Questionnaire B...........................................................................................................193 Appendix III. Farm types .................................................................................................................199 Appendix IV. Combined productivity per working unit for rice, cocoa and coffee per district..........203 Appendix V. Price of main crops and wage per district in Sierra Leone ..........................................208
Page 1: Rural poverty reduction and food se
Page 4 and 5: Rural poverty reduction and food se
Page 6 and 7: VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study is ba
Page 8 and 9: VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Agriculture
Page 10 and 11: X the local circumstances (mainly i
Page 14 and 15: XIV LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Distrib
Page 16 and 17: XVI Figure 9: Sierra Leone export v
Page 18 and 19: XVIII Figure 47: Farm Net Income fo
Page 20 and 21: XX Figure 87: Adequacy of support p
Page 22 and 23: 1 Introduction Sierra Leone is a We
Page 24 and 25: and sales, but also questions aimin
Page 26 and 27: official language, but Krio (a Creo
Page 28 and 29: found in the Northern and in the Ea
Page 30 and 31: Figure 3: Economic Growth in Sierra
Page 32 and 33: 2001 and -3.1% in 2002 (Jalloh, 200
Page 34 and 35: According to the first (2003) and t
Page 36 and 37: According to MAFFS (2001) the count
Page 38 and 39: the production of major annual crop
Page 40 and 41: Note: 2009 - 2015 figures are proje
Page 42 and 43: attributed to favourable world mark
Page 44 and 45: the national herd. Prior to the war
Page 46 and 47: Table 7: Agro-Ecological Regions in
Page 48 and 49: potato are substitutes for rice for
Page 50 and 51: Northern region (Kambia, Port Loko)
Page 52 and 53: In the lowlands rice is the dominan
Page 54 and 55: defined physical features (Grigg, 1
Page 56 and 57: thus has an important role in decid
Page 58 and 59: equirements, particularly seedling
Page 60 and 61: Although IPRSP and NRS did not have
Page 62 and 63:
The latter is accompanied by a chan
Page 64 and 65:
3.5 Sector Constraints and Challeng
Page 66 and 67:
Fertilizer usage was less than half
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 18: Number of agricultural w
Page 70 and 71:
Jalloh (2006) argues that it would
Page 72 and 73:
not entirely explained in terms of
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4 EU Support Programmes for Rice an
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Welthungerhilfe (Welthungerhilfe, 2
Page 78 and 79:
paid as compared to previous years.
Page 80 and 81:
In the survey (as in the case of th
Page 82 and 83:
4. STABEX Support: Type of support
Page 84 and 85:
Farm Net Income (FNI) is determined
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FNI/hhWU = (FGO/A - VC/A)*A/hhWU -
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prevailing price difference between
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Household Labour Wage (Opportunity
Page 92 and 93:
defined as the level of expenditure
Page 94 and 95:
Figure 20: Combined productivity ra
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 21: Average gender compositi
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(determining the demand for labour)
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Figure 24: Average acreage under cu
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6.1.4 Resources of smallholders Res
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2 acres per household unit. Figure
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Figure 33: Total household labour a
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Concerning communication infrastruc
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Figure 37: Evaluation of benefits f
Page 112 and 113:
The number of farms and the proport
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Figure 43: Percentage of farms crop
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Agricultural income of smallholders
Page 118 and 119:
Table 27: Economic results of the s
Page 120 and 121:
Table 29 Economic results of the sm
Page 122 and 123:
To visualize the difference between
Page 124 and 125:
Table 31: Different output values a
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 50: Output value of food and
Page 128 and 129:
Figure 54: Distribution of food cro
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calculation the labour costs accoun
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Figure 61: Farm viability of smallh
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 63: Farm viability per farm
Page 136 and 137:
Figure 66: Farm viability per farm
Page 138 and 139:
Figure 68: Poverty level per househ
Page 140 and 141:
6.3 Input factor productivity of sm
Page 142 and 143:
Figure 72: Cocoa and coffee output
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the differences between the Norther
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(Figure 80) that farms in the Easte
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Figure 83 and Figure 84 present the
Page 150 and 151:
6.4 Evaluation of the influence of
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the last two years (when the STABEX
Page 154 and 155:
Figure 87), most of the smallholder
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Figure 87: Adequacy of support prov
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 91 and 137
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 92: Adequacy of support prov
Page 162 and 163:
Figure 93 and Figure 94) the rest s
Page 164 and 165:
Figure 96: Change in income as a re
Page 166 and 167:
Figure 98: Impact of support on dif
Page 168 and 169:
After having analyzed relevance, ef
Page 170 and 171:
production and marketing). One part
Page 172 and 173:
Figure 103: Average farm net income
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 107). 153
Page 176 and 177:
Figure 108: Sex of household head f
Page 178 and 179:
Figure 111 shows the relevance of d
Page 180 and 181:
Figure 113) but mainly concerning h
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Figure 115: Number of tractors hire
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Table 34: Basic Comparison of small
Page 186 and 187:
indirect/transaction costs associat
Page 188 and 189:
above mentioned crop diversificatio
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Sustainability of smallholders in S
Page 192 and 193:
in which personal income and busine
Page 194 and 195:
CSAO/OCDE (2007), Foncier, transfor
Page 196 and 197:
Howe, P. and Devreux S. (2004): Fam
Page 198 and 199:
Ministry of Finance Government of S
Page 200 and 201:
Welthungerhilfe (2009) Support to C
Page 202 and 203:
Section Village Household number HO
Page 204 and 205:
Major Economic Activities Sources o
Page 206 and 207:
COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP/SOCIAL PARTICI
Page 208 and 209:
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT technology /
Page 210 and 211:
Impact of support on food Security
Page 212 and 213:
Level Of Improvement In Income As a
Page 214 and 215:
FARM CHARACTERISTICS household Heal
Page 216 and 217:
Precise the number. Externality Cat
Page 218 and 219:
Input of other type of mulch/soil c
Page 220 and 221:
Infrastructure/communication Please
Page 222 and 223:
Appendix II. Questionnaire B SMALL
Page 224 and 225:
Tractor Tractor hire Drying Floor/e
Page 226 and 227:
Now we will want to have some infor
Page 228 and 229:
Appendix III. Farm types Figure: Nu
Page 230 and 231:
Figure: % of total land area per fa
Page 232 and 233:
Appendix IV. Combined productivity
Page 234 and 235:
213/231
Page 236 and 237:
Figure Labour productivity for Coff
Page 238 and 239:
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