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Camera device identification<br />

◮ most probably, one single feature can distinguish between specific camera devices<br />

Camera ID from sensor noise [Lukáˇs et al., 2005, 2006]<br />

◮ CCD / CMOS sensor elements convert light into a digital signal, a process subject to<br />

various noise sources<br />

⊲ temporal noise: varies throughout all images from a camera<br />

⊲ spatial noise: similar for all images of the very same camera,<br />

but different between distinct devices<br />

fixed pattern<br />

noise (FPN)<br />

⊲ additive noise, mainly due<br />

to dark noise<br />

⊲ flattened inside camera<br />

photo-response<br />

non-uniformity (PRNU)<br />

⊲ multiplicative noise, due to varying<br />

light-sensitivity of sensor elements<br />

⊲ hard to correct in cameras<br />

Gloe & Kirchner Digital Image Forensics slide 24

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